Sauyin yanayi a Amurka

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Sauyin yanayi a Amurka
climate change by country or territory (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na canjin yanayi
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Yankin zafi: Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a kusan dukkanin yankuna a Amurka ya karu a cikin shekaru 120 da suka gabata.he U.S. have increased in the last 120 years.[1]
Warming a tsawon lokaci: Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara a duk faɗin Amurka ya wuce matsakaitan 1971 a kusan kowace shekara a karni na 21.[2]

Canjin yanayi ya haifar da dumama Amurka da 2.6 ° F (1.4 ° C) tun 1970.[3]Yanayi na Amurka yana canzawa a hanyoyin da suka yadu kuma sun bambanta tsakanin yankuna.[4][5] Daga 2010 zuwa 2019, Amurka ta fuskanci shekaru goma mafi zafi a rubuce. Abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi, nau'o'in mamayewa, ambaliyar ruwa da fari suna ƙaruwa.[6][7][8] Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan guguwa na wurare masu zafi da hauhawar matakin teku suma yana shafar yankuna na kasar.

Gabaɗaya tun 1850, Amurka ta fitar da rabo mafi girma fiye da kowace ƙasa ta iskar gas mai ɗumi wanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi na yanzu, tare da wasu 20% na jimlar carbon dioxide ta duniya kadai.[9]A halin yanzu US fitarwa ga kowane mutum yana daga cikin mafi girma a duniya.[10] An gabatar da manufofi daban-daban na sauyin yanayi na jihohi da na tarayya, kuma Amurka ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris duk da janyewar ɗan lokaci. A cikin 2021, kasar ta sanya burin rage fitar da iskar gas ta shekara-shekara zuwa shekara ta 2030.[11]

Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri sosai ga muhalli da al'umma na Amurka. Wannan ya haɗa da tasirin noma, tattalin arziki, lafiyar ɗan adam da 'yan asalin ƙasar, kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin barazanar tsaron ƙasa.[12] Jihohin da ke fitar da karin carbon dioxide ga kowane mutum kuma suna gabatar da manufofi don adawa da matakin yanayi gabaɗaya suna fuskantar tasiri mafi girma.[13][14] 2020 shekara ce ta tarihi ga bala'o'in yanayi da yanayi na biliyan daloli a Amurka.

Kodayake a tarihi batun da ba na jam'iyya ba ne, canjin yanayi ya zama mai kawo rigima da rarrabuwar siyasa a kasar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kamfanonin mai sun san tun daga shekarun 1970s cewa kone mai da iskar gas na iya haifar da dumamar yanayi amma duk da haka sun ba da kuɗin masu musun shekaru da yawa.[15][16] Duk da goyon bayan wata yarjejeniya ta kimiyya, tun daga shekarar 2021 kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Amurkawa sun musanta cewa canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar ya wanzu[17] duk da cewa yawancin suna damuwa ko damuwa game da batun.

Tasirin yanayin muhalli[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar yana da damar canza yaduwa da tsananin abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani kamar raƙuman zafi, raƙe-yaƙe masu sanyi, guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa da fari. Wani rahoto na 2012 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ya tabbatar da cewa wata hujja mai karfi ta danganta dumamar duniya da karuwar raƙuman zafi, hauhawar abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai yawa da sauran hazo, da kuma ambaliyar bakin teku. Maris 2020 ya sanya na biyu zuwa 2016 don kasancewa Maris na abụọ mafi zafi a rikodin tare da matsakaicin 2.09 Fahrenheit (1.16 Celsius) sama da na karni na 20.

A cewar Shirin Kimiyya na Canjin Yanayi na Gwamnatin Amurka, "Tare da ci gaba da dumama duniya, raƙuman zafi da ruwan sama mai nauyi na iya kara karuwa a cikin mitar da ƙarfi.[18][19][20] Yankunan Arewacin Amurka na iya samun fari mai tsanani. Saurin iskar guguwa, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, da matakan gwagwarmayar gashi na iya ƙaruwa. Guguwar lokacin sanyi mafi karfi na iya zama mafi yawa, tare da iskõki masu ƙarfi da tsawo mai tsanani. "

A cikin 2022, Climate Central ya ba da rahoton cewa, tun 1970, Amurka tana da 2.6 ° F (1.4 ° C) mai dumi, duk jihohi 49 da aka bincika - bayanan Hawaii ba su samuwa ba) masu dumi da akalla 1.8 °F (1.0 °C), kuma 244 daga cikin biranen Amurka 246 da suka bincika sun yi zafi.[3] Yawancin wuraren da suka fi saurin dumama sun kasance a cikin Kudu maso Yamma, tare da Reno, Nevada, dumamarwa da +7.7 ° F (4.3 ° C).[3] Alaska da aka warmed da 4.3 ° F (2.4 ° C), inda narkewar kankara ke taimakawa ga hauhawar matakin teku, kuma narkar da ƙanƙara yana fitar da iskar gas. Kashi casa'in cikin dari na yankuna na Amurka sun fuskanci bala'i na yanayi na tarayya tsakanin 2011-2021, tare da wasu suna da balabala 12 a wannan lokacin.[21]   Daga 1898 zuwa 1913, akwai raƙuman sanyi 27 waɗanda suka kai kwanaki 58. Tsakanin 1970 da 1989, akwai kimanin 12 irin waɗannan abubuwan. Daga 1989 har zuwa Janairu 6, 2014, babu wani. Wanda ke kan kwanan wata ya haifar da damuwa saboda raguwar irin waɗannan abubuwan.[22]

Tasirin canjin yanayi ya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiyya. Gabaɗaya, jihohin da ke fitar da ƙarin carbon dioxide ga kowane mutum kuma suna toshe aikin yanayi, suna shan wahala sosai. Don ƙarin koyo game da canjin yanayi ta jihohi, duba waɗannan labaran: Template:United States topic

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ "Climate Change Indicators: U.S. and Global Temperature". EPA.gov. Environmental Protection Agency. 2021. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. (FIg. 3) EPA's data source: NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2021. Climate at a glance. Accessed February 2021. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag. (Direct link to graphic; archive)
  2. ↑ Hawkins, Ed (2023). "Temperature change in the USA". ShowYourStripes.info. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. — Based on warming stripes concept.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ClimateCentral_20220420
  4. ↑ "Sixth Assessment Report". www.ipcc.ch. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
  5. ↑ Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Warziniack, Travis; Kao, Shih-Chieh (2020). "Assessing Shifts in Regional Hydroclimatic Conditions of U.S. River Basins in Response to Climate Change over the 21st Century". Earth's Future (in Turanci). 8 (10): e2020EF001657. Bibcode:2020EaFut...801657H. doi:10.1029/2020EF001657. ISSN 2328-4277. S2CID 225251957.
  6. ↑ Heidari, Hadi; Arabi, Mazdak; Ghanbari, Mahshid; Warziniack, Travis (June 2020). "A Probabilistic Approach for Characterization of Sub-Annual Socioeconomic Drought Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Relationships in a Changing Environment". Water (in Turanci). 12 (6): 1522. doi:10.3390/w12061522.
  7. ↑ US EPA, OAR (2015-11-06). "Climate Change Indicators in the United States". www.epa.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  8. ↑ Casagr, Tina (2022-02-16). "Climate Change and Invasive Species - NISAW" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  9. ↑ "Analysis: Which countries are historically responsible for climate change?". Carbon Brief. 2021-10-05. Archived from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  10. ↑ www.climatewatchdata.org Archived 2021-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, at Calculations select per capita.
  11. ↑ "New momentum reduces emissions gap, but huge gap remains - analysis". Climate Action Tracker. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  12. ↑ "Climate Change and US National Security: Past, Present, Future". atlanticcouncil.org. Atlantic Council. March 29, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  13. ↑ Tollefson, Jeff (12 February 2019). "US climate costs will be highest in Republican strongholds". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00327-2. S2CID 188147110. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  14. ↑ "States Blocking Climate Action Hold Residents Who Suffer the Most From Climate Impacts". Climate Nexus, Ecowatch. October 29, 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  15. ↑ Egan, Timothy (November 5, 2015). "Exxon Mobil and the G.O.P.: Fossil Fools". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  16. ↑ Goldenberg, Suzanne (July 8, 2015). "Exxon knew of climate change in 1981, email says – but it funded deniers for 27 more years". The Guardian. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  17. ↑ "A third of Americans deny human-caused climate change exists". The Economist. 2021-07-08. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  18. ↑ "Cumulative CO2 emissions globally by country 2018". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  19. ↑ "The world is still falling short of meeting its climate goals". Environment (in Turanci). 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  20. ↑ "Who has contributed most to global CO2 emissions?". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2021-12-29.
  21. ↑ "Climate Change Indicators: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions / Figure 3. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita and per Dollar of GDP, 1990–2020". EPA.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 27 June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023.
  22. ↑ Chart based on: Milman, Oliver (12 July 2022). "Nearly $2tn of damage inflicted on other countries by US emissions". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Guardian cites Callahan, Christopher W.; Mankin, Justin S. (12 July 2022). "National attribution of historical climate damages". Climatic Change. 172 (40): 40. Bibcode:2022ClCh..172...40C. doi:10.1007/s10584-022-03387-y. S2CID 250430339 Check |s2cid= value (help).
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