Sorghum

Sorghum bicolor, wanda aka fi sani da sorghum (/ˈsɔːrɡəm/) kuma aka sani da babban gero, broomcorn, masarar guinea , durra, imphee, jowar, ko milo, jinsi ne a cikin ciyawa jinsin Sorghum Dawa ana noma shi don hatsi. Ana amfani da hatsi don abinci ga mutane; ana amfani da shuka don ciyar da dabbobi da samar da ethanol. Dawa ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, kuma yanzu ana noma shi sosai a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi.

Dawa ita ce shuka ta biyar mafi muhimmanci a duniya bayan kamar shinkafa, alkama, masara, da sha'ir. Sorghum yawanci shekara-shekara ne, amma wasu ciyayi suna dawwama. Yana girma a cikin ƙugiya waɗanda za su iya kaiwa sama da tsayin 4 metres (13 ft). Hatsi karami ne, 2 zuwa a diamita. [Sorghum mai zaki]s nau'o'in iri ne da ake nomawa da farko don abinci, samar da syrup, da ethanol; sun fi waɗanda aka noma da hatsi tsayi tsayi.

Bayani

Samfuri:A duba kuma Sorghum babbar shuka ce mai tsayi wacce ta kai tsayin 2.4 metres (7.9 ft). Yana da manyan ƙwanƙolin fulawa ko panicle waɗanda ke ba da hatsin sitaci da za a iya ci tare da tsaba har 3,000 a kowane furen fure. Yana girma a cikin yanayi mai dumi a duniya don abinci da kayan abinci. Yawancin noman noma suna amfani da ciyawar shekara-shekara, amma wasu nau'ikan daji na Sorghum suna dawwama, wanda zai iya ba [Cibiyar Ƙasa] damar haɓaka ciyawar shekara-shekara don "maimaita, isasshen hatsi ba tare da sake shukawa ba.

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  Botanical illustration
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  Maturing crop, Germany
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  Ripe panicle, India
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  Branch of panicle with spikelets

Juyin Halitta

phylogeny

Dawa tana da alaƙa da maize da gero da ke cikin [PACMAD clade]] na ciyawa, kuma fiye da hatsi na BOP clade kamar su. alkama da sha'ir. Samfuri:Clade

Tarihi

Dawa a Gida

Hoton burodin dawa ke ƙunshe a cikin kwandon, Predynastic Egypt, c. 3100 BC (5,100 years ago). Egyptian Museum, Turin

S. bicolor ya kasance Dan gida daga kakansa na daji fiye da shekaru 5,000 da suka gabata a Gabashin Sudan a yankin koguna Atbara da Gash. An samo shi a wani wurin binciken kayan tarihi kusa da Kassala a gabashin Sudan, tun daga 3500 zuwa 3000 BC, kuma yana da alaƙa da al'adun neolithic Butana Group.

tseren farko da aka fara zama cikin gida shine bicolor; yana da matsugunan huskoki waɗanda dole ne a cire su da ƙarfi. Kusan shekaru 4,000 da suka wuce, wannan ya yadu zuwa yankin Indiya; kimanin shekaru 3,000 da suka wuce ya kai Yammacin Afirka. Wasu jinsi hudu sun samo asali ne ta hanyar noma don samun hatsi mai girma kuma su zama masussuka kyauta, suna sa girbi mai sauƙi kuma mai amfani. Waɗannan su ne caudatum a cikin [Sahel]; durra, mai yiwuwa a Indiya; Guinea a Yammacin Afirka (daga baya ya isa Indiya), kuma daga wannan jinsin mageritiferum wanda ya haifar da nau'in Kudancin Afirka.