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Gero

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Gero
siril da hatsi
hoton shukar gero
Gero a gonah kafin ya isah know what rbi
Gero

Gero[1][2][3] nau’i ne na ciyawa wanda ake nomawa domin, samun abinci. Gero na daga cikin dangin hatsi[4][5][6] waɗan da a Turance ake kira da "grains.[7][8][9] Kayan amfanin gona ne da ake nomawa sama da shekaru dubu biyar (5000) a duniya.[10][11][12] Gero, nau’in tsiro ne mai matuƙar juriya.Yana jure wa fari, dalilin da ya sa har a sahara ma ana iya shuka shi. Guri ɗaya kawai da a gargajiyance da kuma.[13][14][15]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasu manazarta suna ganin gero fa jar fata ne da ya fito daga yankin Asiya.[16][17][18] Microsoft Encarta sun ruwaito cewa ana kuma noma gero a yankin Asiya[19][20][21] sama da shekaru dubu biyar, nahiyar da ake yi wa kallon cewa daga can ya samo asali.[Ana bukatan hujja].[22][23][24]

Noma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gero, kayan amfanin gona ne mai juriya.[25][26][27][Ana bukatan hujja] Yana iya jure wa fari sannan kuma yana iya tsirowa a ƙasar da bata da ƙarfi sosai.[28][29][30] Ana kuma shuka shi sannan kuma a girbe shi a tsawon kwanaki sittin zuwa tamanin.[31][32][33] Ana noma shi a ƙasashen duniya daban-daban irinsu Indiya, Najeriya[34][35][36], Nijar, Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Habasha (Ethiopia), Cadi, Senegal, Rasha da dai sauransu.[37][38][39] Duk da cewa, Indiya ce ta fi kowace ƙasa noma gero a duniya. Ƙasashe irin su China (Sin), India, Najeriya, Nijar, Asiya ta tsakiya da Asiya ta Yamma, Afirka ta Yamma, ƙasashen rusasshiyar Tarayyar Sobiyet da sauransu domin abinci suke noma gero.[40][41][42] A ƙasar Amurka kuma da Yammacin Turai, ana noma shi ne a matsayin abincin kaji, tsuntsaye da kuma dabbobi.[43][44][45][Ana bukatan hujja]

Sinadarai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gero yana ɗauke da sinadaran abinci da dama. Duk rabin kofi ɗaya na gero mai nauyin giram 100 yana ɗauke da:[Ana bukatan hujja][46][47][48]

1. Giram 10.6 na furotin.[49]

2. Giram 17.3 na ruwa.[50]

3. Giram 1.3 na faiba.[51]

4. Giram 5.0 na maiƙo.[52]

5. Giram 8 na bitamin.[53]

6. Giram 2.3 na minaral.[54]

7. Milgiram 8 na ayon.[55]

8. Milgiram 38 na kalsiyom.[56]

9. Giram 67 na Kabohaidiret, wanda shine muhimmin sinadarin da yake ɗauke da shi.[57]

10. Yana ɗauke da adadin kaloris 380.[58]

Amfani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

a kiwon lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ga kaɗan daga cikin ɗimbin alfanu da gero yake da su a fannin kiwon lafiya:[Ana bukatan hujja][59][60][61]

1. Maganin cutar Siga ta hanyar saukar da sinadarin sikarin da ke cikin jini. saboda yana sinadarin faiba da yake ɗauke da shi wanda shi ke da alhakin sarrafa sinadarin Sugar da ke cikin jini.[62][63][64]

2. Maganin gyambon ciki.[65][66][67]

3. Inganta lafiyar zuciya saboda sinadarin maganiziyom da yake ɗauke da shi. Wanda kuma sinadari ne da bincike ya tabbatar da cewa yana rage ƙarfin tarin fuka (Asthma).[68][69][70]

4. Yana saukar da hawan jini tare kuma da rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar bugun zuciya saboda sinadaran maganiziyom da kalsiyom da yake ɗauke da su.[71][72][73]

5. Yana rage yawan sinadarin kwalastero. Saboda yana ɗauke da sinadarin Niyasin (Niacin) wanda shi ne sinadarin bitamin B3 (Vitamin B3).[74][75][76]

6. Narkar da tsakuwar ƙoda: Sinadarin faiba da ke cikin gero, yana taimakawa wajen narkar da tsakuwar ƙoda.[77][78]

7. Ƙara girman ƙashi da haɓɓakarsa: Yana ɗauke da sinadarin fosforos (Phosphorous) wanda ke taimaka wa ƙashi wajen girma da haɓɓaka sannan kuma ya gyara shi idan ya samu lalura.[79][80]

8. Gudawa: Gero yana hana gudawa saboda sinadarin laktik asid (Lactic acid) da yake ɗauke da shi. Wannan sinadari kuma shi ne bakteriya.[81]

9. Tallafa wa garkuwan jiki: Gero yana ɗauke da sinadaran da suke saka shi  yake zama garkuwa ga jiki.[82]

10. Kansa: Gero yana bayar da kariya daga kamuwa da cutar kansar mama. Saboda yana ɗauke da sinadaran finolik asid (Phenolic acids), tanin (Tannins) da kuma fitet (Phytate) sinadaran da suke samar da sinadaran da ke yaƙar ƙwayoyin cutar da suke haddasa kansar mama.[83]

11. Kariya daga lalacewar tsokar jiki da kuma saurin warkar da rauni (Kamar yankewa ko tujewar fatar jiki). Saboda yana ɗauke da sinadarin ferulik asid (Ferulic acid).[84]

12. Yana ɗumama yanayin jiki a lokutan sanyi da na damina.[85]

Sarrafa abinci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Muhimmai daga cikin nu’aukan abincin gargajiya da ake yi a Ƙasar Hausa da gero sun haɗa da:[Ana bukatan hujja]

1. Tuwon Biski.

2. Dambu.

3. Fate ko Fate-fate.

4. Tuwon Laushi.

5. Kunun Tsamiya .

6. Kunun Gyaɗa.

7. Kunun Kanwa.

8. Koko.

9. Waina ko Masa.

10. Fura.

11. Gumba.

Hotuna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Wani mutum rike da gero
    Wani mutum rike da gero
  • Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues. Millet
    Jacques Le Moyne de Morgues. Millet
  • A Parrot in a Millet plant-
    A Parrot in a Millet plant-
  • Gero dan nahiyar Afirka
    Gero dan nahiyar Afirka
  • Grain millet
    Grain millet

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Definition of millet". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  2. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.foodbev.com/news/millet-the-millennia-old-grain-of-the-future&ved=2ahUKEwim3v7nwveGAxVSZ0EAHZrNDvkQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw0BVHkEuUeLSfVjJdNuSutA
  3. ↑ Eleusine coracana (finger millet)". CABI. 2019. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.20674. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  4. ↑ Grass Phylogeny Working Group II (2012). "New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins". New Phytologist. 193 (2): 304–312. Bibcode:2012NewPh.193..304.. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x. hdl:2262/73271. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 22115274. Open access icon
  5. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1578955-tsadar-rayuwa-yan-kasuwar-hatsi-a-kano-sun-karya-farashin-kayan-abinci-don-saukakawa-jamaa/&ved=2ahUKEwiZrMnKwfeGAxXeQkEAHZSTCRcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw00ZVZ9GA1KIs8g6ggOx5-V
  6. ↑ Escobar, Juan S; Scornavacca, Céline; Cenci, Alberto; Guilhaumon, Claire; Santoni, Sylvain; et al. (2011). "Multigenic phylogeny and analysis of tree incongruences in Triticeae (Poaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11 (1): 181. Bibcode:2011BMCEE..11..181E. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-181. PMC 3142523. PMID 21702931
  7. ↑ Definition of millet". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  8. ↑ Cherfas, Jeremy (23 December 2015). "Millet: How A Trendy Ancient Grain Turned Nomads Into Farmers". National Public Radio. The Salt. Retrieved 4 May 2018
  9. ↑ McDonough, Cassandrea M.; Rooney, Lloyd W.; Serna-Saldivar, Sergio O. (2000). "The Millets". Food Science and Technology: Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology. 99 (2nd ed.). CRC Press: 177–210.
  10. ↑ Annex II: Relative importance of millet species, 1992–94". The World Sorghum and Millet Economies: Facts, Trends and Outlook. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1996. ISBN 978-92-5-103861-1.
  11. ↑ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  12. ↑ millet (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  13. ↑ Fahad, Shah; Bajwa, Ali A.; Nazir, Usman; Anjum, Shakeel A.; Farooq, Ayesha; et al. (29 June 2017). "Crop Production under Drought and Heat Stress: Plant Responses and Management Options". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 1147. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01147. PMC 5489704. PMID 28706531.
  14. ↑ Patan, Shaik Sha Valli Khan; Vallepu, Suneetha; Shaik, Khader Basha; Shaik, Naseem; Adi Reddy, Nanja Reddy Yellodu; Terry, Randall G.; Sergeant, Kjell; Hausman, Jean François (2024). "Drought resistance strategies in minor millets: a review". Planta. 260 (1). doi:10.1007/s00425-024-04427-w. ISSN 0032-0935
  15. ↑ House, L. R. (1995). "Sorghum and millets: History, taxonomy, and distribution". In Dendy, David A.V. (ed.). Sorghum and Millets: Chemistry and Technology (PDF). St. Paul, Minnesota: American Association of Cereal Chemists. pp. 1–9.
  16. ↑ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Clark, Lynn G.; et al. (2022). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) III: An update". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 60 (3): 476–521. Bibcode:2022JSyEv..60..476S. doi:10.1111/jse.12847.
  17. ↑ Morrone, Osvaldo; Aagesen, Lone; Scataglini, Maria A.; Salariato, Diego L.; Denham, Silvia S.; et al. (2012). "Phylogeny of the Paniceae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): integrating plastid DNA sequences and morphology into a new classification". Cladistics. 28 (4): 333–356. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00384.x.
  18. ↑ Taylor, John R.N.; Duodu, Kwaku G., eds. (2019). Sorghum and Millets: Chemistry, Technology, and Nutritional Attributes (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-12-811527-5.
  19. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.usip.org/publications/2024/06/us-china-rivalry-asia-and-africa-lessons-cold-war&ved=2ahUKEwiVwrWAwveGAxVQRkEAHQPmAbEQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw0dPKdmos1A5kmzoG_Kej7A
  20. ↑ "Sorghum and millet in human nutrition". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1995. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  21. ↑ panic". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) from classical Latin pānicum (or pānīcum) Italian millet.
  22. ↑ "panic". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) from classical Latin pānicum (or pānīcum) Italian millet.
  23. ↑ Browntop Millet" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  24. ↑ Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Fuller, Dorian Q. (2014). "Brown Top Millet: Origins and Development". In Smith, Claire (ed.). Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 1021–1024. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2318. ISBN 978-1-4419-0426-3. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  25. ↑ Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Fuller, Dorian Q. (2014). "Brown Top Millet: Origins and Development". In Smith, Claire (ed.). Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 1021–1024. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2318. ISBN 978-1-4419-0426-3. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  26. ↑ Takei, Emiko (October 2013). Millet Culture and Indigenous Cuisine in Taiwan. The 2013 International Conference on Chinese Food Culture, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
  27. ↑ Lu, H.; Zhang, J.; Liu, K. B.; Wu, N.; Li, Y.; et al. (2009). "Earliest domestication of common millet (Panicum miliaceum) in East Asia extended to 10,000 years ago". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (18): 7367–7372.
  28. ↑ Nesbitt, Mark; Summers, Geoffrey (January 1988). "Some Recent Discoveries of Millet (Panicum miliaceum L. and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) at Excavations in Turkey and Iran". Anatolian Studies. 38 (38): 85–97.
  29. ↑ Hesiod (September 2013). Hesiod, the Poems and Fragments, Done Into English Prose. Theclassics Us. pp. fragments S396–423. ISBN 978-1-230-26344-1.
  30. ↑ Lawler, A. (2009). "Bridging East and West: Millet on the move". Science. 325 (5943): 942–943.
  31. ↑ "The Poems and Fragments | Online Library of Liberty"
  32. ↑ Theophrastus; Arthur Hort (1916). Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs, with an English translation by Sir Arthur Hort, bart
  33. ↑ Oldest noodles unearthed in China". BBC News. 12 October 2005.
  34. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/nijeriya-na-fuskantar-koma-baya-a-noman-alkama-masara-da-gero-rahoto/&ved=2ahUKEwjS3YCmwveGAxXiYEEAHSfsB9EQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw0RhtJJjXcjBFaKfJqSeb4N
  35. ↑ Crawford, Gary W. (1992). "Prehistoric Plant Domestication in East Asia". In Cowan C.W.; Watson P.J (eds.). The Origins of Agriculture: An International Perspective. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 117–132. ISBN 978-0-87474-990-8.
  36. ↑ Crawford, Gary W.; Lee, Gyoung-Ah (2003). "Agricultural Origins in the Korean Peninsula". Antiquity. 77 (295): 87–95. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00061378. S2CID 163060564
  37. ↑ Crawford, Gary W. (1983). Paleoethnobotany of the Kameda Peninsula. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-932206-95-4.
  38. ↑ Lu, Houyuan; Yang, Xiaoyan; Ye, Maolin; Liu, Kam-Biu; Xia, Zhengkai; et al. (12 October 2005). "Millet noodles in Late Neolithic China". Nature. 437 (7061): 967–968. doi:10.1038/437967a. PMID 16222289. S2CID 4385122.
  39. ↑ An, Jingping; Kirleis, Wiebke; Jin, Guiyun (1 November 2019). "Changing of crop species and agricultural practices from the Late Neolithic to the Bronze Age in the Zhengluo region, China". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 11 (11): 6273–6286. Bibcode:2019ArAnS..11.6273A. doi:10.1007/s12520-019-00915-3.
  40. ↑ Weber, Steven A. (April 1998). "Out of Africa: The Initial Impact of Millets in South Asia". Current Anthropology. 39 (2): 267–274. doi:10.1086/204725. S2CID 143024704
  41. ↑ Pokharia, Anil K.; Kharakwal, Jeewan Singh; Srivastava, Alka (February 2014). "Archaeobotanical evidence of millets in the Indian subcontinent with some observations on their role in the Indus civilization". Journal of Archaeological Science. 42: 442–455. Bibcode:2014JArSc..42..442P. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.029.
  42. ↑ Yang, Lihui; et al. (2005). Handbook of Chinese Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 70, 131–135, 198. ISBN 978-0-19-533263-6.
  43. ↑ Manning, Katie; Pelling, Ruth; Higham, Tom; Schwenniger, Jean-Luc; Fuller, Dorian Q. (2011). "4500-Year old domesticated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from the Tilemsi Valley, Mali: new insights into an alternatives are cereal domestication pathway". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (2): 312–322. Bibcode:2011JArSc..38..312M. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.09.007.
  44. ↑ International Year of Millets 2023 - IYM 2023". Food and Agriculture Organisation. Retrieved 21 December 2022
  45. ↑ Roy, Mira (2009). "Agriculture in the Vedic Period" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 44 (4): 497–520. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  46. ↑ Engels, J. M. M.; Hawkes, J. G.; Hawkes, John Gregory; Worede, M. (1991). Plant Genetic Resources of Ethiopia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-38456-8.
  47. ↑ Engels, J. M. M.; Hawkes, J. G.; Hawkes, John Gregory; Worede, M. (1991). Plant Genetic Resources of Ethiopia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-38456-8.
  48. ↑ D'Andrea, A. C.; Casey, J. (2002). "Pearl Millet and Kintampo Subsistence". The African Archaeological Review. 19 (3): 147–173. doi:10.1023/A:1016518919072. JSTOR 25130746. S2CID 162042735. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  49. ↑ Wiebke Kirleis; Marta Dal Corso; Dragana Filipović, eds. (15 April 2022). Millet and What Else?. The Wider Context of the Adoption of Millet Cultivation in Europe. ISBN 978-94-6427-015-0.
  50. ↑ Dal Corso, Marta; Pashkevych, Galyna; Filipović, Dragana; Liu, Xinyi; Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre; Stobbe, Astrid; Shatilo, Ludmila; Videiko, Mihail; Kirleis, Wiebke (1 December 2022). "Between Cereal Agriculture and Animal Husbandry: Millet in the Early Economy of the North Pontic Region". Journal of World Prehistory. 35 (3): 321–374. doi:10.1007/s10963-022-09171-1.
  51. ↑ Millet in the Bronze Age: A Superfood conquers the World". Kiel University. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  52. ↑ Masaka, Johnson; Chohunoita, Collen; Mupfiga, Elvis (1 January 2021). "Soil moisture, dryland sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) growth and grain yield responses to in-field rain water harvesting tillage methods". Cogent Food & Agriculture. 7 (1). doi:10.1080/23311932.2021.1925004. ISSN 2331-1932.
  53. ↑ Baltensperger, David D. (2002). "Progress with Proso, Pearl and Other Millets". In Janick, J.; Whipkey, A. (eds.). Trends in New Crops and New Uses (PDF). Alexandria, Virginia: ASHS Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2003.
  54. ↑ ICRISAT. "A New Generation of Pearl Millet on the Horizon". The World Bank. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010.
  55. ↑ Kalaisekar, A. (2017). Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics, and management. London: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-804243-4. OCLC 967265246.
  56. ↑ Das, I.K.; Nagaraja, A.; Tonapi, Vilas A. (March 2016). "Diseases of millets". Indian Farming. 12: 41–45.
  57. ↑ FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 28 February 2024
  58. ↑ ICRISAT overview". ICRISAT. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021
  59. ↑ Pearl Millet". ICRISAT. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  60. ↑ Small Millets". ICRISAT. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  61. ↑ Indian Institute of Millets Research". millets.res.in. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  62. ↑ Hanna, W.; Wilson, J. "Pearl Millet Hybrids for Grain". USDA-ARS. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  63. ↑ Kulish". Discover Ukraine. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  64. ↑ Bánh đa kê - món quà vặt của người Hà Nội" [Rice paper rolls - a snack of Hanoi people] (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  65. ↑ Süßer Hirsebrei mit Milch und Beeren" [Sweet Millet Porridge with Milk and Berries]. eat.de (in German). Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  66. ↑ "Bánh đa kê - món quà vặt của người Hà Nội" [Rice paper rolls - a snack of Hanoi people] (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 7 December 2018
  67. ↑ Burkina: Latest millet smoothie in town". www.ghanaweb.com. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  68. ↑ Пшенная каша (4 секрета приготовления рассыпчатой каши) — Пошаговый рецепт приготовления с фото 2025 | Простые и вкусные рецепты в домашних условиях" [Millet porridge (4 secrets of making crumbly porridge) - Step-by-step recipe with photos 2025 | Simple and delicious recipes at home]. EdimDoma.ru. 14 September 2009.
  69. ↑ Рязанские чичи, сыроеги и калинники" [Ryazan chichi, syryogi and viburnum]. Рязанские ведомости (Ryazan News) (in Russian). 4 April 2019.
  70. ↑ Ragi Roti Recipe". Times of India. 4 December 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  71. ↑ Ragi Sangati". The Hindu. 21 June 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
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  73. ↑ Easen, Nick (1 March 2004). "Mountain High". Time. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  74. ↑ Kumar, Ashwani; Tomer, Vidisha; Kaur, Amarjeet; Kumar, Vikas; Gupta, Kritika (27 April 2018). "Millets: a solution to agrarian and nutritional challenges". Agriculture & Food Security. 7 (1): 31. Bibcode:2018AgFS....7...31K. doi:10.1186/s40066-018-0183-3.
  75. ↑ Collett, Ian J. "Forage Sorghum and Millet" (PDF). District Agronomist, Tamworth. NSW Department of Primary Industries. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  76. ↑ Robson, Sarah. "Dr" (PDF). primefact 417, Prussic Acid Poisoning in Livestock. NSW Department of Primary Industries. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  77. ↑ Ludvigsson, Jonas F; Leffler, Daniel A; Bai, Julio C; Biagi, Federico; Fasano, Alessio; et al. (2013). "The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms" (PDF). Gut. 62 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301346. PMC 3440559. PMID 22345659. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  78. ↑ Ludvigsson, Jonas F; Leffler, Daniel A; Bai, Julio C; Biagi, Federico; Fasano, Alessio; et al. (2013). "The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms" (PDF). Gut. 62 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301346. PMC 3440559. PMID 22345659. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  79. ↑ Mulder, Chris J.J.; van Wanrooij, R.L.J.; Bakker, S.F.; Wierdsma, N.; Bouma, G. (2013). "Gluten-Free Diet in Gluten-Related Disorders". Digestive Diseases. 31 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1159/000347180.
  80. ↑ Mulder, Chris J.J.; van Wanrooij, R.L.J.; Bakker, S.F.; Wierdsma, N.; Bouma, G. (2013). "Gluten-Free Diet in Gluten-Related Disorders". Digestive Diseases. 31 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1159/000347180.
  81. ↑ Volta, Umberto; Caio, Giacomo; De Giorgio, Roberto; Henriksen, Christine; Skodje, Gry; Lundin, Knut E. (2015). "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: A work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders". Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 29 (3): 477–491. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.006.
  82. ↑ Rai, Sweta; Kaur, Amarjeet; Singh, Baljit (2014). "Quality characteristics of gluten free cookies prepared from different flour combinations". Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51 (4): 785–789. doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0547-1. PMC 3982011. PMID 24741176.
  83. ↑ Chattopadhyay, P. K. (2023). Millet Production, Processing and Value-Added Products Handbook. India: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. p. 536. ISBN 978-81-969153-4-6. Retrieved 17 September 2023
  84. ↑ Koerner, Terence B.; Cleroux, Chantal; Poirier, Christine; Cantin, Isabelle; La Vieille, Sébastien; Hayward, Stephen; Dubois, Sheila (2013). "Gluten contamination of naturally gluten-free flours and starches used by Canadians with celiac disease". Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 30 (12): 2017–2021. doi:10.1080/19440049.2013.840744. PMID 24124879.
  85. ↑ Koerner, Terence B.; Cleroux, Chantal; Poirier, Christine; Cantin, Isabelle; La Vieille, Sébastien; Hayward, Stephen; Dubois, Sheila (2013). "Gluten contamination of naturally gluten-free flours and starches used by Canadians with celiac disease". Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A. 30 (12): 2017–2021. doi:10.1080/19440049.2013.840744. PMID 24124879.
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