Sukuma language
Sukuma yare ne na Bantu na Tanzania, ana magana da shi a yankin kudu maso gabashin Tafkin Victoria tsakanin Mwanza, Shinyanga, da Tafkin Eyasi . [1]
Rubutun sa yana amfani da Rubutun Roman ba tare da haruffa na musamman ba, wanda yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi don Swahili, kuma an yi amfani da ita don fassarorin Littafi Mai-Tsarki [2] da kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafen addini. [3]
[4] (KɪmunaSukuma a yamma, GɪmunaNtuzu / GɪnaNtuzu a arewa maso gabas, da Jìnàkɪ̀ɪ̀yâ / JimunaKɪɪyâ a kudu maso gabas) suna da sauƙin fahimtar juna.
Fasahar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai halaye bakwai na wasali, waɗanda ke faruwa da tsawo da gajeren lokaci: [5]
| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Babba | i iː | u uː | |
| Kusan sama | ɪ ɪː | ʊ ʊː | |
| Tsakanin | eːda kuma | o oː | |
| Ƙananan | a aː |
[ɛ ɔ]/ɪ ʊ/, wanda aka rubuta shi, na iya zama kusa da [e o],[e o] /e o/ na iya zama kusanci da [ɛ ɔ].
Sukuma ya wuce ta Dokar Dahl (ɪdàtʊ́ 'uku', daga Proto-Bantu -tatʊ) kuma yana da ƙwayoyin hanci marasa murya.
| Biyuwa | Hanci da hakora<br id="mwbw"> | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Gishiri | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fili | Ɗauki. | fili | Ɗauki. | fili | Ɗauki. | bakinsa | fili | Ɗauki. | fili | Ɗauki. | bakinsa | fili | bakinsa | ||
| Hanci | murya | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋw | |||||||||
| ba tare da murya ba | Ya kasance | Ya kasance a cikin | ɲ ° | Ma'auni | ŋ̊w | ||||||||||
| Plosive | ba tare da murya ba | p | mp | t | nt | biyu | c | ɲc | k | Yin wasan kwaikwayo | kw | ||||
| murya | b | mb | d | nd | dw | ɟ | ɲɟ | ɡ | ŋɡ | ɡw | |||||
| Fricative | ba tare da murya ba | Sanya | f | Kafin baki | s | Nassara | sw | ʃ | ɲʃ | h | hw | ||||
| murya | β | v | Ka'ida | z | nz | zw | |||||||||
| Kusanci | l | j | w | ||||||||||||
- ↑ Margaret Arminel Bryan, compiler, The Bantu Languages of Africa, Oxford University Press, 1959.
- ↑ The Gospel in Many Tongues, The British and Foreign Bible Society, London, 1965.
- ↑ Kitabo sha Sala na sha Mimbo, Diochesi ya Mwanza, edited / approved by Bishop Renatus Butibubage, 1963.
- ↑ The prefixes kɪ-, gɪ-, ji- are dialectical variants.
- ↑ Rahma Muhdhar, 2006, Verb Extensions in Kisukuma, Jinakiiya dialect, MS dissertation, UDSM