Talla
Talla shine tsarin bincike, ƙirƙira, da isar da ƙima don biyan buƙatun kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta fuskar kayayyaki da ayyuka; mai yuwuwa gami da zaɓin masu sauraro da aka yi niyya; zaɓi na wasu halaye ko jigogi don jaddadawa a cikin talla; aiki na tallan talla ; halartar nunin kasuwanci da taron jama'a; zane na samfurori da marufi masu ban sha'awa ga masu siye; ayyana sharuɗɗan siyarwa, kamar farashi, rangwame, garanti, da manufofin dawowa; sanya samfur a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ko tare da mutanen da aka yi imani da tasiri akan halayen siyan wasu; yarjejeniya tare da dillalai, masu rarraba jumloli, ko masu siyarwa; da ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar wayar da kan jama'a na, aminci ga, da ingantattun ji game da alama. Kasuwanci yawanci mai siyarwa ne ke yin shi, yawanci dillali ko masana'anta. Wani lokaci ana ba da kwangilar ayyuka zuwa wani kamfani na tallace-tallace da aka keɓe ko hukumar talla . Da wuya, ƙungiyar kasuwanci ko hukumar gwamnati (kamar Sabis ɗin Tallan Noma ) suna talla a madadin masana'antu ko yanki gaba ɗaya, galibi takamaiman nau'in abinci (misali. Ya samu Madara? ), abinci daga wani yanki na musamman, ko birni ko yanki a matsayin wurin yawon buɗe ido. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan sarrafa kasuwanci da kasuwanci . Masu kasuwa za su iya jagorantar samfurin su zuwa wasu kasuwancin ( Kasuwancin B2B ) ko kai tsaye ga masu siye (cin kasuwan B2C). Ko da wanene ake tallatawa, abubuwa da yawa sun shafi, gami da yanayin da 'yan kasuwa za su yi amfani da su. An san su azaman daidaitawar kasuwa, suna ƙayyade yadda 'yan kasuwa ke fuskantar matakin tsara tallace-tallace. Kalmar tallace-tallace, abin da aka fi sani da jawo hankalin abokan ciniki, ya haɗa da ilimin da aka samu ta hanyar nazarin gudanar da mu'amalar musayar kuma shine tsarin kasuwanci na ganowa, tsinkaya da biyan bukatun abokan ciniki da bukatun.[1][2]
Ma’anarsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A halin yanzu ana siffanta tallace-tallace ta Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Amurka (AMA) a matsayin "aikin, saitin cibiyoyi, da matakai don ƙirƙira, sadarwa, bayarwa, da musayar abubuwan da ke da ƙima ga abokan ciniki, abokan ciniki, abokan tarayya, da al'umma gaba ɗaya". Duk da haka, ma'anar tallace-tallace ya samo asali a cikin shekaru. AMA ta sake duba wannan ma'anar da ma'anarta don "binciken tallace-tallace" kowace shekara uku. Abubuwan da ake bukata na "al'umma gaba ɗaya" an ƙara su cikin ma'anar a cikin 2008. Ana iya ganin haɓakar ma'anar ta hanyar kwatanta ma'anar 2008 tare da sigar AMA ta 1935: "Kasuwanci shine aikin ayyukan kasuwanci wanda ke jagorantar jigilar kayayyaki, da sabis daga masu samarwa zuwa masu amfani". Sabuwar ma'anar tana ba da ƙarin fifikon sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin sabon tunanin
Ma'anar tallace-tallace na baya-bayan nan suna ba da fifiko ga dangantakar mabukaci, sabanin tsarin musanya mai tsafta. Misali, ƙwararren marubucin tallace-tallace kuma malami, Philip Kotlerya haɓaka ma'anar tallan sa. A cikin 1980, ya bayyana tallace-tallace a matsayin "mai gamsarwa da buƙatu da buƙatu ta hanyar tsarin musayar", kuma a cikin 2018 ya ayyana shi a matsayin "tsarin da kamfanoni ke haɗa abokan ciniki, haɓaka dangantakar abokan ciniki mai ƙarfi, da ƙirƙirar ƙimar abokin ciniki don ɗaukar darajar. daga abokan ciniki a dawo". ma’anar da ke da alaƙa, daga tsarin aikin injiniya na tallace-tallace, ya bayyana tallace-tallace a matsayin "tsarin tsarin da ke da alaƙa da haɗin kai tare da wasu ayyuka na kasuwanci da ke da nufin cimma sha'awar abokin ciniki da gamsuwa.
Wasu ma'anoni na tallace-tallace suna nuna ikon tallace-tallace don samar da ƙima ga masu hannun jari na kamfani kuma. A cikin wannan mahallin, ana iya bayyana tallace-tallace a matsayin "tsarin gudanarwa wanda ke neman haɓaka komawa ga masu hannun jari ta hanyar haɓaka dangantaka da abokan ciniki masu kima da kuma samar da fa'ida mai gasa". Misali, Cibiyar Tallace-tallace ta Charteredta bayyana tallace-tallace daga mahanga ta abokin ciniki, tana mai da hankali kan “tsarin gudanarwa da ke da alhakin ganowa, tsinkaya da gamsar da buƙatun abokin ciniki cikin
A baya, marketing yi oyan da za a gani a matsayin m masana'antu, wanda ya hada da talla, rarrabawada sayarwa, har ma a yau da yawa sassa na marketing tsari (misali samfurin zane, art director, iri management, talla, inbound marketing, copywritingda dai sauransu .) ya ƙunshi amfani da fasahar kere kere. [3]Duk da haka, saboda tallace-tallace yana amfani da ilimin zamantakewa, ilimin halin dan Adam, ilimin zamantakewa, lissafi, tattalin arziki, ilimin halin dan adamda neuroscience, yanzu an san sana'ar a matsayin kimiyya. [4]Kimiyyar tallace-tallace ta samar da ingantaccen tsari wanda za a iya bi don ƙirƙirar tsarin tallace-tallace. [5]
Ra’ayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]tallace-tallace" yana ba da shawarar cewa don kammala manufofin ƙungiyar, ya kamata ƙungiya ta yi hasashen buƙatu da buƙatun masu amfani da kuma gamsar da su yadda ya kamata fiye da masu fafatawa. Wannan ra'ayi ya samo asali daga littafin Adam Smith The Wealth of Nationsamma ba za a yi amfani da shi sosai ba sai bayan shekaru kusan 200. [6]Ka'idodin Kasuwanci da Talla suna da alaƙa kai tsaye.
Idan aka yi la'akari da tsakiyar buƙatun abokin ciniki, da kuma abin da ake so a cikin tallace-tallace, kyakkyawar fahimtar waɗannan ra'ayoyin yana da mahimmanci:
Nau’ikon Talla
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]1.TallaceTallace hajoji (content marketing)Tallace-tallacen abun ciki dabara ce ta tallace-tallace da ake amfani da ita don jan hankali, haɗawa, da riƙe masu sauraro ta hanyar ƙirƙira da raba labaran da suka dace, bidiyo, kwasfan fayiloli, da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan hanyar tana samar da ƙwarewa, tana haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma sa kasuwancin ku ya kasance cikin tunani lokacin da lokaci ya yi don siyan abin da kuke siyarwa
2.TallaceTallace kafofin watsa labarai (social media marketing) Tallace-Tallacen kafofin watsa wani nau'i ne na tallace-tallace na dijital wanda ke ba da damar shahararrun hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa don cimma burin tallan ku da alamar alama.
3.Tallace Tallacen kai tsaye (direct marketing) Talla na kai tsaye wani nau'in talla ne wanda ya ƙunshi sadarwa kai tsaye tare da abokan ciniki da abokan ciniki masu yuwuwa don haɓaka samfura da sabis. Ana iya gudanar da tallan kai tsaye ta hanyoyi daban-daban, gami da imel, saƙonnin rubutu, kasida, kiran waya, da wasiku kai tsaye.
4.Yin Talla (Advertising) Talla dabara ce ta tallace-tallace da ta haɗa da biyan kuɗi don sarari don haɓaka samfur, sabis, ko sanadi. Ana kiran ainihin saƙonnin talla tallace-tallace, ko tallace-tallace a takaice. Manufar talla ita ce a kai ga mutane masu yuwuwa su kasance masu son biyan kuɗin samfur ko sabis na kamfani kuma su yaudare su su saya.
5.Tallace Tallacen Kasuwancin (Business marketing) Tallace-tallacen kasuwanci al'ada ce ta kasuwanci ta mutane ko ƙungiyoyi (ciki har da kasuwancin kasuwanci, gwamnatoci, da cibiyoyi). Yana ba su damar sayar da kayayyaki ko ayyuka ga wasu kamfanoni ko ƙungiyoyin da ke sake sayar da su, amfani da su a cikin samfuransu ko ayyukansu, ko amfani da su don tallafawa ayyukansu.
6.Tallace Tallacen duniya (global marketing)Tallace-tallacen duniya shine mayar da hankali kan tallan samfuran ko sabis na ƙungiyar a kasuwannin duniya - kuma a cikin al'ummar duniya da ke haɓaka, tare da haɗin gwiwar mutane fiye da kowane lokaci, yanki ne mai mahimmanci na sarrafa tallace-tallace.
7.Tallace-tallacen dijital, wanda kuma ake kira tallan yanar gizo, (digital marketing or online marketing) shine haɓaka samfuran don haɗawa da abokan ciniki masu yuwu ta amfani da intanit da sauran nau'ikan sadarwar dijital. Wannan ya haɗa da ba kawai imel, kafofin watsa labarun, da tallace-tallace na tushen yanar gizo ba, har ma da saƙonnin rubutu da saƙonnin multimedia azaman tashar tallace-tallace.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ ^ Jump up to: a b c
- ↑ American Marketing Association, Definitions of Marketing, approved 2017, accessed 24 January 2021
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Zhou, Julie. "The Science of Marketing". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
- ↑ "10 Steps to Creating a Marketing Plan for Your Small Business". Dummies (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-09-27.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)