Tarihin Ƙasar Japan

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 Mutanen farko da suka fara zama a tsibiran Ƙasar Jafan a zamunan baya a tsakanin shekarun 30,000 BC. Zamanin Jōmon, wacce lokacin Yayoi ke biye da ita a ƙarni na farko BC lokacin da aka gabatar da sabbin ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire daga Asiya. A wannan lokacin, an rubuta rubutacciyar hujja ta farko game da Japan a cikin littafin Han na kasar Sin a karni na farko AD.

A kusan karni na 3 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, mutanen Yayoi daga nahiyar sun yi hijira zuwa tsibiran kasar Japan kuma sun bullo da fasahar sarrafa karfe da noma.[1] Saboda suna da wayewar noma, yawan mutanen Yayoi sun karu cikin sauri har suka kai ga mamaye mutanen Jōmon, ƴan asalin tsibiran Jafan waɗanda mafarauta ne.[2] A tsakanin ƙarni na huɗu zuwa tara, yawancin masarautu da ƙabilu na Japan a hankali sun haɗa kai a ƙarƙashin wata cibiyar gwamnati, wanda Sarkin Japan ke mulki. Daular masarautar da aka kafa a wannan lokaci ta ci gaba har wa yau, ana tuna ta a kusan kowanne lokacin biki. A cikin shekarar 794, an kafa sabon babban birni a Heian-kyō (Kyoto a yau), wanda ke nuna farkon lokacin Heian, wacce ta wanzu har ya zuwa 1185. Ana ɗaukar wannan Lokacin na Heian a matsayin shekaru na musamman a tarihin al'adun Jafananci na gargajiya. Rayuwar addinin mutanen Jafan tun daga wannan lokaci zuwa yanzu sun kasance a cakuɗe da al'adun Shinto na asali da mabiya addinin Buddhanci.

A cikin ƙarnuka masu zuwa, iko na gidajen sarautu sun ragu, sun fara komawa a hankali daga farko zuwa gwamnatin farar hula musamman Fujiwara sannan zuwa ga sojojin samurai. Kabilar Minamoto karkashin Minamoto no Yoritomo sun yi nasara daga Yaƙin Genpei na 1180–85, inda suka fatattaki 'yan uwan adawansu na soja, Taira. Bayan ya kwace mulki, Yoritomo ya kafa babban birninsa a Kamakura kuma ya sanyawa kansa lakabin shogun. A cikin shekarun 1274 da 1281, Kamakurate ya jajircewa hare-haren Mongoliya har guda biyu, amma a cikin 1333 wani abokin hamayya ya kifar da shi, wanda ya haifar da lokacin Muromachi. A wannan lokacin, shuwagabannin yaƙi na yankin da ake kira daimō sun bunkasa cikin iko a kan karagar shogun. A ƙarshe, Japan ta afka ya zuwa lokacin yakin basasa. A cikin ƙarshen karni na 16, an sake hade kawunan mutanen Japan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin shahararre daimō Oda Nobunaga da magajinsa, Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Bayan mutuwar Toyotomi a shekara ta 1598, Tokugawa Ieyasu ya hau mulki kuma sarki ya nada shi shōgun. Tokugawa shogunate, wanda ke mulki daga Edo ( Tokyo na yau), ya jagoranci zama na wadata da lumana wanda akafi sani da zamanin Edo (1600-1868). Tokugawa shogunate ya sanya tsauraran matakai ga al'ummar Japan kuma ya yanke kusan duk wata hulɗa da duniyar waje.

Portugal da Japan sun yi hulɗa a shekarar 1543, lokacin da mutanen Portugal suka zama Turawa na farko da suka fara isa Japan ta hanyar sauka a kudancin tsibirin. Sun yi tasiri sosai a kan Japan, duk da irin wannan ƙayyadaddun hulɗodin nasu sun gabatar da bindigogi ga ymaakianJapan . Balaguron Perry na a kasar Amurka a 1853–54 ya ƙara kawo ƙarshen keɓancewar kasar Japan; wannan ya taimaka wajen rushewar mulkin shogun da kuma dawo da mulki ga sarki a lokacin yakin Boshin a 1868. Sabon shugabancin kasa na lokacin Meiji ya sauya ƙasashen tsibiran da aka keɓe zuwa wata daula wacce ta bi tsarin mulkin Yammacin Turai kuma ta zama babban kasa .Duk da cewa dimokuradiyya ta haɓaka sannan kuma al'adun farar hula na zamani sun sami cigaba a lokacin Taishō (1912-26), sojojin Japan masu ƙarfi suna da ƙarfin iko na cin gashin kansu kuma sun mulke shugabannin farar hula na Japan a tsakanin shekarun 1920s da 1930s. Sojojin Japan sun kai hari a Manchuria a shekara ta 1931, kuma daga 1937 rikici ya rikide zuwa wani dogon yaki da kasar Sin. Harin da Japan ta kai a Pearl Harbor a 1941 ya janyo yaki da Amurka da abokanta. Ba da daɗewa ba aka mamaye sojojin Japan, amma sojojin sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare duk da hare-haren jiragen sama waɗanda suka yi mummunar barna ga cibiyoyin jama'a. Sarkin sarakuna Hirohito ya sanar da mika wuyar kasar Japan a ranar 15 ga Agusta, 1945, bayan harin nukiliyar Hiroshima da Nagasaki da kuma harin Soviet Manchuria.

Ƙungiyoyin majibintan sun mamaye ƙasar Japan har zuwa 1952, lokacin da aka kafa sabon tsarin mulki a 1947 wanda ya mayar da Japan zuwa tsarin mulki na kundi. Bayan 1955, Japan ta fuskanci ci gaɓar tattalin arziki sosai a ƙarƙashin mulkin jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party, kuma ta zama cibiyar tattalin arzikinduniya. Tun daga shekaru goma da suka gabata na shekarun 1990, haɓakar tattalin arzikin Japan ya ragu.

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Shinya Shōda (2007). "A Comment on the Yayoi Period Dating Controversy". Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology. 1. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 16 February2020.
  2. "'Jomon woman' helps solve Japan's genetic mystery". NHK World. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.