Tsibirin Mozambique

Tsibirin Mozambique
Ilha de Moçambique (pt)
Suna saboda	Mussa Bin Bique (en)
Wuri
15°02′12″S 40°43′58″E
Jamhuriya	Mozambik
Province of Mozambique (en)	Nampula Province (en)
District of Mozambique (en)	Ilha de Moçambique District (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	14,000
• Yawan mutane	9,333.33 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	1.5 km²
Measurement (en)	3 km  default ()
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Mozambique Channel (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+02:00 (en)

Tsibirin Mozambique (Fotigal: Ilha de Moçambique) yana kusa da arewacin Mozambique, tsakanin mashigin Mozambique da Mossuril Bay, kuma yanki ne na lardin Nampula. Kafin shekarar 1898, ita ce babban birnin ƙasar Portugal ta Gabashin Afirka ta mulkin mallaka. Tare da ɗimbin tarihinsa da rairayin bakin teku masu yashi, Tsibirin Mozambik wuri ne na Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO kuma ɗaya daga cikin wuraren yawon buɗe ido mafi sauri a Mozambique. Tana da yawan jama'a na dindindin na kusan mutane 14,000 kuma Filin jirgin saman Lumbo na kusa da Nampula ke yi masa hidima. Sunan kasar Mozambique ya samo asali ne daga sunan wannan tsibiri.

Tarihi

Tukwane da aka samu a tsibirin Mozambique na nuni da cewa an kafa garin ne ba a wuce karni na sha hudu ba. Bisa al'adar, asalin mutanen Swahili sun fito ne daga Kilwa. Sarakunan garin suna da alaƙa da sarakunan Angoche da Quelimane a ƙarni na sha biyar. A cikin shekarar 1514, Duarte Barbosa ya lura cewa garin yana da yawan musulmai kuma suna jin yaren Swahili iri ɗaya da Angoche.

Sunan tsibirin (Fotigal: Moçambique, lafazin  [musɐ̃ˈbiki]) ya samo asali ne daga Ali Musa Mbiki (Mussa Bin Bique), sultan tsibirin a zamanin Vasco da Gama. Daga baya aka ɗauke wannan suna zuwa babban ƙasar da ke ƙasar Mozambique ta zamani, kuma aka canza wa tsibirin suna Ilha de Moçambique (Tsibirin Mozambique). Portuguese ta kafa tashar jiragen ruwa da sansanin sojan ruwa a cikin 1507 kuma sun gina Chapel na Nossa Senhora de Baluarte a 1522, yanzu ana la'akari da ginin Turai mafi tsufa a Kudancin Hemisphere.

A cikin karni na 16, an gina Fort São Sebastião, kuma mazaunin Portuguese (wanda aka fi sani da Stone Town) ya zama babban birnin Portuguese Gabashin Afirka. Tsibirin kuma ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje. Ya yi tsayayya da hare-haren Dutch a 1607 da 1608 kuma ya kasance babban matsayi ga Portuguese a kan tafiye-tafiyen su zuwa Indiya. Ya ga cinikin bayi, da kayan yaji, da zinariya.

Baya ga tsoffin kagara, rabin garin ne kawai aka gina da dutse. Asibitin, wani katafaren gini neo-classical da Turawan Portugal suka gina a shekarar 1877, tare da wani lambun da aka yi wa ado da tafkunan ruwa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, bayan yaƙin basasar Mozambique. Shekaru da yawa, shi ne asibiti mafi girma a kudancin Sahara.

Da bude mashigar ruwa ta Suez, arzikin tsibiri ya ragu. A cikin 1898, an ƙaura babban birnin zuwa Lourenço Marques (yanzu Maputo) a kan ƙasar. A tsakiyar karni na 20, sabon tashar jiragen ruwa na Nacala ya ɗauki yawancin sauran kasuwancin.

Abubuwan jan hankali

Sauran fitattun gine-gine a tsibirin sun hada da Palace da Chapel na São Paulo, wanda aka gina a 1640 a matsayin Kwalejin Jesuit kuma daga baya aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin Gidan Gwamna, yanzu gidan kayan gargajiya; Gidan Tarihi na Sacred Art, wanda ke cikin Cocin Misericórdia wanda gidan jinƙai ke gudanarwa, yana nuna gicciye Makonde mai kyau; Cocin Santo António; Ikilisiyar Misericordia; da Chapel na Nossa Senhora de Baluarte. Tsibirin, wanda yanzu ya zama birni, kuma yana da masallatai da yawa da kuma gidan ibada na Hindu. An gina gada mai nisan kilomita 3 a cikin shekarun 1960 don haɗa ta da babban ƙasa.

Tsibirin a cikin kansa ba shi da girma sosai, tsayin kusan kilomita 3 kuma tsakanin mita 200 zuwa 500. Yawancin gine-ginen tarihi suna a ƙarshen arewacin tsibirin. Galibin mazauna garin na zaune ne a gidajen ciyayi a Garin Makuti da ke kudancin tsibirin.

Gallery

• 
  Taswirar da Pieter van den Keere ya zana a cikin 1598
• 
  Chart na Harbour a 1810
• 
  Gadar Tsibirin Mozambique mai tsawon kilomita 3.8 (2.4 mi).
• 
  Tsohon Asibiti
• 
  Cocin Santo António
• 
  Tsabtace bakin teku
• 
  Garin Makuti

Tsibirin kuma yana kusa da manyan wuraren shakatawa guda biyu: Chocas Mar, wani dogon bakin teku mai tazarar kilomita 40 daga arewacin Ilha de Moçambique a haye Mossuril Bay da Cabaceiras.

Manazarta

• O.J.O. Ferreira, Ilha de Moçambique byna Hollands: Portuguese inbesitname, Nederlandse veroweringspogings en die opbloei en verval van Mosambiek-eiland. Gordonsbaai & Jeffreysbaai: Adamastor: 2010

• Malyn Newitt, Mozambique Island: The Rise and Decline of an East African Coastal City, 1500–1700. An article from Portuguese Studies.