Yaren Mende
| Yaren Mende | |
|---|---|
| |
Baƙaƙen boko da Mende Kikakui (en)  | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-2 |
men |
| ISO 639-3 |
men |
| Glottolog |
mend1266[1] |
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Mende / ˈ mɛndi / [ 1 [2] ( Mɛnde yia ) babban harshe ne na Saliyo, tare da wasu masu magana a makwabciyarta Laberiya da Guinea . Mutanen Mende da sauran ƙabilu ne ke magana da shi a matsayin yaren yanki a kudancin Saliyo. A kudancin Saliyo, yaren yanki ne ke ba da damar duk kabilu su yi magana.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Mende harshe ne na tonal na dangin harshen Mande . Bayanin tsarin farko na Mende shine FW Migeod [3] da Kenneth Crosby . [4]
Siffofin da aka rubuta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 1921, Kisimi Kamara ya ƙirƙira wa Mende waƙar da ya kira Kikakui (🠀𞠁𞠂 /
</img> ). Rubutun ya sami yaɗuwar amfani na ɗan lokaci, amma an maye gurbinsa da haruffa bisa rubutun Latin, kuma ana ɗaukar rubutun Mende a matsayin "rubutun da ya gaza". [5] An fassara Littafi Mai Tsarki zuwa Mende kuma an buga shi a shekara ta 1959, a rubutun Latin.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Harafin tushen Latin shine: a, b, d, e, ɛ, f, g, gb, h, i, j, k, kp, l, m, n, ny, o, ɔ, p, s, t, ku, v, w, y . [6]
Mende yana da wasula bakwai: a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ, u . [7] [8]
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | a fili | p | t | k | ||
| murya | b | d | ɡ | |||
| prenasalized | m b | n.d | Ƙaddamarwa | |||
| Ƙarfafawa | a fili | f | s | h | ||
| murya | v | |||||
| Haɗin kai | a fili | k p | ||||
| murya | dʒ | Ƙaddamarwa b | ||||
| prenasalized | ɲd͡ʒ | Ƙarƙashin b | ||||
| Na gefe | l | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Kusanci | w | j | ||||
Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | ku | |
| Kusa-tsakiyar | e | o | |
| Bude-tsakiyar | e | ku | |
| Bude | a |
A cikin fina-finai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An yi amfani da Mende da yawa a cikin fina-finan Amistad da Blood Diamond kuma shi ne batun shirin fim ɗin The Language You Cry In .
Misalin rubutu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Numuvuisia Kpɛlɛɛ ta ti le tɛ yɛ nduwɔ ya hu, tao ti nuvuu yei kɛɛ ti lɔnyi maa hɛwungɔ. Kiiya kɛɛ hindaluahu gɔɔla a yɛlɔ ti hun. Fale mahoungɔ ti ti nyɔnyɔhu hoi kia ndeeegaa.
Fassara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi dukkan ’yan Adam ’yantattu kuma daidai suke da mutunci da hakki. Suna da hankali da lamiri kuma ya kamata su yi wa junanmu cikin ruhin ’yan’uwantaka.
(Sashe na 1 na Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya)
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Mende". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- ↑ Migeod, F. W. 1908. The Mende language. London
- ↑ Crosby, Kenneth. 1944. An Introduction to the Study of Mende. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Unseth, Peter. 2011. Invention of Scripts in West Africa for Ethnic Revitalization. In The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts, ed. by Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia García, pp. 23-32. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Coble, Scott. n.d. "Mende." AboutWorldLanguages.com (accessed 8 October 2014)
- ↑ A Mende Orthography Workshop: Ministry of Education, Freetown, January 21-25, 1980
- ↑ Pemagbi, Joe. 1991. "A guide to Mende orthography." SLADEA.