Yarjejeniyar haƙƙin muhalli

Yarjejeniyar haƙƙin muhalli
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	statute (en)

Sanarwa na Haƙƙin Dan Adam da na ɗan ƙasa na 1789 wani muhimmin takarda ne na juyin juya halin Faransa da kuma cikin tarihin haƙƙin ɗan adam .

Daftarin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, kuma daga 1789

Lissafin haƙƙoƙi, wani lokacin ana kiran sanarwar haƙƙoƙi ko yarjejeniyar haƙƙin mallaka, jerin 'yancin mafi mahimmanci ga' yancin ƙasa. Manufar ita ce don kare waɗannan haƙƙoƙin daga cin zarafi daga jami'an gwamnati da ƴan ƙasa masu zaman kansu.

Takaddun kuɗaɗen haƙƙin na iya zama tushen tushe ko ba a ɗora su ba . Ba za a iya gyara ko soke wani daftarin doka na haƙƙin ɗan majalisa ta hanyar tsarin yau da kullun ba, a maimakon haka yana buƙatar babban rinjaye ko kuri'ar raba gardama; dan sau da yawa wani bangare ne na kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don haka yana bin matakai na musamman da suka shafi gyaran kundin tsarin mulkin kasar.

Tarihi

Tarihin sharuɗɗan shari'a da ke tabbatar da wasu haƙƙoƙi ga wasu ƙungiyoyi ya koma tsakiyar zamanai da kuma a baya. Misali shi ne Magna Carta, Yarjejeniyar Shari'a ta Ingilishi da aka amince da ita tsakanin Sarki da Baroninsa a shekarata 1215. A farkon zamanin zamani, an sami sabunta sha'awar Magna Carta . Alkalin dokar gama gari na Ingila Sir Edward Coke ya farfado da ra'ayin 'yancin da ya danganci zama dan kasa ta hanyar jayayya cewa a tarihi 'yan Ingila sun sami irin wannan hakkokin . Ƙaddamar da Haƙƙin a shekarar 1628, Dokar Habeas Corpus a shekarata 1679 da Bill of Rights 1689 sun kafa wasu hakkoki a cikin doka.

A cikin Amurka, Dokar Haƙƙin Ingilishi na ɗaya daga cikin tasirin da aka yi kan sanarwar Haƙƙin 1776 na Virginia, wanda hakan ya rinjayi sanarwar 'yancin kai na Amurka daga baya waccan shekarar. Bayan da aka amince da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin shekarata 1789, an ƙaddamar da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka a shekarar 1791.

An yi wahayi zuwa ga zamanin wayewar kai, Sanarwa na Haƙƙin Dan Adam da na ɗan ƙasa ya tabbatar da kasancewar haƙƙoƙi. Majalisar dokokin Faransa ta amince da ita a cikin shekarata 1789 a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa .

Ƙarni na 20 ya ga ƙungiyoyi dabam-dabam suna zana waɗannan takardu na farko don yin tasiri sa’ad da suke tsara Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya na ’Yancin ’Yan Adam, Yarjejeniyar Turai Kan ’Yancin Bil Adama da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan ’yancin yara .

Keɓancewa a cikin dimokuradiyya na Yamma

Kundin tsarin mulkin Burtaniya ya kasance ba a canza shi ba. Koyaya, Dokar Haƙƙin a shekarata 1689 wani ɓangare ne na dokar Burtaniya. Dokar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta 1998 kuma ta haɗa haƙƙoƙin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam a cikin dokokin Burtaniya. Cin zarafi na baya-bayan nan na 'yanci, dimokuradiyya da bin doka ya haifar da bukatu na sabon cikakken kundin hakkin Birtaniyya wanda wata sabuwar kotun koli mai zaman kanta ta amince da shi mai ikon soke dokokin gwamnati da manufofin da suka saba wa ka'idojinta.

Ostiraliya ita ce kawai ƙasar doka ta gama gari wacce ba ta da kundin tsarin mulki ko na tarayya na haƙƙin haƙƙin kare 'yan ƙasa, kodayake ana ci gaba da muhawara a yawancin jihohin Australia. A shekara ta 1973, babban lauyan gwamnatin tarayya Lionel Murphy ya gabatar da kudirin dokar kare hakkin dan Adam a majalisa, ko da yake ba a taba zartar da shi ba. A cikin shekarata 1984, Sanata Gareth Evans ya kafa lissafin haƙƙoƙin, amma a shekarar 1985, Sanata ta Majalisar Dokoki, wacce ta wuce ta wuce majalisar dattijai . Tsohon Firayim Ministan Australiya John Howard ya yi gardama kan wani kudirin doka na kare hakkin Australia bisa hujjar cewa zai mika mulki daga zababbun 'yan siyasa zuwa alkalai da masu rike da mukamai da ba a zabe su ba . Victoria, Queensland da Babban Birnin Australiya (ACT) su ne kawai jihohi da yankuna da ke da Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam. Duk da haka, ƙa'idar doka da ke cikin tsarin shari'a na Ostiraliya, na neman tabbatar da cewa an fassara dokar don kada a tsoma baki tare da ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam, sai dai idan doka ta yi niyyar tsoma baki.

Lissafin lissafin haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka

Dokar Haƙƙin 1689 doka ce ta Majalisar Ingila da ke tabbatar da wasu haƙƙoƙi

Gabaɗaya

Title	Effective Year	Realm	Notes
Charter of Liberties	1100	England	rights of inheritance and marriage, amnesty, and environmental protection (forest)
Magna Carta	1215	England	rights for barons
Great Charter of Ireland	1216	Ireland	rights for barons
Golden Bull of 1222	1222	Hungary	rights for nobles
Statute of Kalisz	1264	Poland: Kingdom of Poland	Jewish residents' rights
Charter of Kortenberg	1312	Belgium	rights for all citizens "rich and poor"
Dušan's Code	1349	Serbia
Twelve Articles	1525	Germany
Pacta conventa	1573	Poland
Henrician Articles	1573	Poland
Petition of Right	1628	England
Bill of Rights 1689 Claim of Right Act 1689	1689	England Scotland	This applied to all British Colonies of the time, and was later entrenched in the laws of those colonies that became nations - for instance in Australia with the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 and reconfirmed by the Statute of Westminster 1931
Virginia Declaration of Rights	1776	USA: state of Virginia	June 1776, Preamble to the United States Declaration of Independence, July 1776
Chapter 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution	1776	USA: state of Pennsylvania	July 1776
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen	1789	France
Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution	1791	USA	completed in 1789, ratified in 1791
Declaration of the Rights of the People	1811	Venezuela
Article I of the Constitution of Connecticut	1818	USA: state of Connecticut
Constitution of Greece	1822	Epidaurus
Hatt-ı Hümayun	1856	Ottoman Empire
Article I of the Constitution of Texas	1875	USA: state of Texas
Basic rights and liberties in Finland	1919	Finland
Articles 13-28 of the Constitution of Italy	1947	Italy
Universal Declaration of Human Rights	1948	United Nations
Fundamental rights and duties of citizens in People's Republic of China	1949	China: People's Republic of China
Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens	1950	India
European Convention on Human Rights	1953	Europe: 47 Council of Europe member states	drafted in 1950
Part I of the Constitution of Portugal	1976	Portugal
Implied Bill of Rights (a theory in Canadian constitutional law)	1982	Canada	for the date
Canadian Bill of Rights	1960	Canada
International Bill of Human Rights	1976	United Nations
Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms	1976	Canada: province of Quebec
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms	1982	Canada
Declaration of the Basic Duties of ASEAN Peoples and Governments	1983	Asia	Signed in Manila by the Regional Council on Human Rights in Asia, the first to draft a pan-Asian declaration of human rights
Article III and XIII of the Constitution of the Philippines	1987	Philippines	The Bill of Rights encapsulating Article III regulates duties and responsibilities of the government toward the rights of citizens, while Article XIII is specifically about human rights and social justice
Article 5 of the Constitution of Brazil	1988	Brazil
New Zealand Bill of Rights Act	1990	New Zealand
Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms of the Czech Republic	1991	Czech Republic
Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance	1991	China: Hong Kong
Chapter 2 of the Constitution of South Africa	1996	South Africa	entitled "Bill of Rights"
Human Rights Act 1998	1998	United Kingdom
Human Rights Act 2004	2004	Australia: Australian Capital Territory
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union	2005	European Union
Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities	2006	Australia: state of Victoria
Chapter Four of the Constitution of Zimbabwe	2013	Zimbabwe
Queensland Human Rights Act 2018	2019	Australia: state of Queensland

Takaddun da aka yi niyya na musamman

• Dokar Haƙƙin Mabukaci
• Dokar Hakkokin Mara Gida
• Dokar Haƙƙin Mai Biyan Haraji
• Dokar Hakkokin Ilimi ,
• Dokar Hakkokin Tsohon Sojoji
• GI Bill of Rights, wanda aka fi sani da GI Bill
• Dokar 'Yan Luwadi, Taron Ƙungiyoyin 'Yan Luwadi na Arewacin Amirka ne suka tsara
• Dokar Haƙƙin Laburare, Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amirka ta buga
• Dokar Haƙƙin Muhalli ko Ajanda 21
• Kudirin Hakki na Mahalicci, marubutan ban dariya da masu fasaha
• Dokar Haƙƙin Mai Ba da gudummawa, don masu ba da agaji
• Kudirin Hakkokin Jami'an Doka
• Dokar Haƙƙin Masu Zaɓe ta California, daidaitawa da Dokar Haƙƙin Zaɓe
• Dokar Musulunci ta Hakkokin Mata a Masallacin
• New Jersey Dokar Haƙƙin Haƙƙin Cin Hanci da Rashawa
• Kudirin Haƙƙin Masu Katin Kiredit, wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin Dokar CARD na shekarata 2009
• Dokokin Haƙƙin Masu Ci Gaban Cin Duri da Jima'i (Dokar Haƙƙin Masu Ci Gaba da Jima'i )

Duba wasu abubuwan

• Ƙirar Haƙƙin Biritaniya
• Haƙƙin da ba za a iya tauyewa ba
• Dokar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya
• Ka'idojin kare hakkin bil'adama na duniya
• Hakkokin halitta
• Tsarin doka
• Dokar Hakki na Biyu