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Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert

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Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert
General information
Height above mean sea level (en) Fassara 134 m
Suna bayan Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (en) Fassara
Labarin ƙasa
Map
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 36°53′29″S 174°43′13″E / 36.891306°S 174.720306°E / -36.891306; 174.720306
Wuri Mount Albert (en) Fassara
Kasa Sabuwar Zelandiya
Territory Auckland Region (en) Fassara
Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert

Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert, wanda aka fi sani da Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura, dutse ne mai launin fitattun wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse ne mai tarihi) wanda ya mamaye fadin wuri na yankin Ōwairano da Dutsen Albert na Auckland.

Magana

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Babban sunan Māori na tsaunin shine Ōwairaka, wanda ke nufin 'Wurin Wairaka'. Wairaka 'yar Toroa ce, kwamandan ɗaya daga cikin manyan matuƙan jiragen ruwa, Mātaatua . [1] <i id="mwIg">Wakaka</i> sananne ne saboda suna Whakatāne, wani gari a Gabashin Bay of Plenty inda ta ceci waka daga kwarara zuwa teku. An nuna ta a cikin Siffar Wairaka da ke Whakatāne Heads . Wairaka daga baya ta koma Tāmaki Makaurau don kauce wa auren da aka shirya kuma ta kafa nata pā a Ōwairaka . [2]

Sauran sunan Māori, Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura, yana nufin 'tsawon wuta na Rakataura', yana nufin ci gaba da aikinta na mai binciken Tainui Rakatāura (wanda aka fi sani da Hape).[3][4]

Ɗaya daga cikin sunayen farko da Tāmaki Māori ya ba dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te Puke ko Ruarangi (Dutse na Ruarangi). Labarin gargajiya ya shafi Ruarangi, wani shugaban mutanen Patupaiarehe, wanda Kuma ya tsere wa wani hari a kan Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert ta hanyar bututun lava kuma ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea .

An ba dutsen sunan Ingilishi, Dutsen Albert, bayan matar Sarauniya Victoria, Yarima Albert, biyo bayan wata takarda a shekarar 1866 ga Superintendent na Lardin Auckland . [1]

Babu wani daga cikin sunayen uku da hukuma ne. A cikin shekarar 2014, Tāmaki Collective ya amince cewa duka Ōwairaka da Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura sun nuna tarihin tarihin Māori na gida tare da wannan shafin. Daga cikin uku, Ōwairaka shine sunan da aka fi amfani dashi.

Majalisar Auckland da Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga suna nufin shafin a matsayin Ōwairaka / Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura / Dutsen Albert . [5][3] An san shi da sunan biyu Ōwairaka / Mount Albert . [6][7]

A watan Janairun shekarar 2020, masanin tarihi Pita Tūrei ya yi jayayya da gaskiyar tarihi na Ōwairaka da ake kira bayan Wairaka, yana mai da'awar cewa sunan shine a maimakon haka taƙaitaccen Te Wai o Rakataura, sunan ga wuraren da ke cikin Oakley Creek.

Yanayin ƙasa da tarihi

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Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert watercolour wanda John Guise Mitford ya zana a shekarar 1845. Māori ne suka tono wuraren da aka ɗora don zama da tsaro. Yawancin sun lalace daga baya ta hanyar haƙa dutse.
Ra'ayi na dutsen wuta Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert, a cikin katin waya daga kusan 1910.

Babbar tudu, a cikin filin shakatawa a kudancin ƙarshen unguwar, tana da mita 135 (443 a tsawo, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin kusan 53 da ba a taɓa gani ba a duk faɗin birnin Auckland, dukansu suna cikin filin dutsen mai fitattun wuta na Auckland 135 metres (443 ft)

Dutsen ya fashe kusan shekaru 120,000 da suka gabata. Dutsen ya kasance a baya mita 148 (486 ft) tsawo kuma shafin daya daga cikin muhimman Māori pā a yankin, tare da shahararrun wuraren da aka tono da rami don zama da tsaro. 486 

Ngāti Awa shugaban Titahi da wani ɓangare na iwi (ƙabilar) an ba su kyauta don aikin ƙasa, kodayake aikin mai yiwuwa ya ɗauki ƙarni da yawa, ta amfani da kayan aikin hannu. Ōwairaka 'dutse ce' ga Maungakiekie wacce Titahi ta tono. Ōwairaka daga baya ya kasance pā na ƙungiyar Waiohua ta Tāmaki, wanda babban shugaban Kiwi Tāmaki ya ziyarta a wasu lokutan lokacin da za a kiyaye tsuntsaye. pā yana da yawan jama'a har zuwa kusan dubu daya da rabi a cikin ƙarni na 16 da 17. Bayan Te Taoū Ngāti Whātua ya ci Waiohua a babban yakin Paruroa, mambobin Te Taoū, Ngā Oho da Te Uringutu sun kama Ōwairaka kuma sun mamaye su. Ta hanyar auren dabarun, masu nasara sun shiga cikin jini tare da Tāmaki, ma'ana Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei yana da zuriya tare da kungiyoyin da suka mamaye Tāmaki Makaurau na ƙarni.[8][9][10]

Bayan da Crown ta sami ƙasar a cikin 1841 kuma ta raba ta zuwa ƙananan gonaki, manyan duwatsu sun rage tsawo na ƙanƙara da kimanin mita 15 (49 , sun canza siffarta sosai kuma sun rage yawan ƙasa zuwa ƙasa zuwa ƙasa da rabi. An dakatar da ma'adinai a cikin 1928 saboda matsin lamba don riƙe ramukan Māori wanda ya rinjayi waɗanda aka gina a Yaƙin Duniya na 1. Dutsen da farko yana da craters biyu. An daidaita daya don yin filin wasa a cikin shekarun 1900. Sauran an kafa shi a cikin tafkin ruwa na Majalisar Yankin Auckland a shekarar 1945. An kwashe ramin dutse na basalt a cikin 1961 don filin harbi kuma an kwantar da ciki na kwano, yana cire ƙarin alamun archaeological. Idan aka kwatanta da raguwa kaɗan na aikin ƙasa na Māori sun kasance, amma shafin ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga Māori da archaeological.[8][9]

Amfani da yanzu na maunga (dutse) sun haɗa da tafiya na nishaɗi, filayen wasa, kulob din harbi da tafkin ruwa a ƙarƙashin paddock a gefen kudancin dutsen.[8]

Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya

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Babban alamar shigarwa ta Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert.

A cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta 2014 tsakanin Crown da Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau' na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland an ba da shi ga ƙungiyar. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". [11] [5] [12]

Dokar ta kuma bayyana cewa 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Auckland, gami da Ōwairaka / Mount Albert, suna da ajiya kuma suna ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta 1977. [13] Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert an rarraba shi a matsayin 'tsarin shakatawa'. [14]

Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . [15][16]

Samun damar mota

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Babban ƙofar Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert, yana nuna ƙofofi biyu da ke dakatar da yawancin motoci daga shiga hanya.

Saboda muhimmancin ruhaniya da al'adu na maunga ga Māori, da kuma tsaron masu tafiya, an rufe hanyar taron har abada ga mafi yawan motoci a watan Maris na shekara ta 2019. [17][18]

Maido da tsire-tsire na asali

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Tsofaffin itatuwan Puriri da pōhutukawa da ke girma a kan Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert . Fiye da rabin bishiyoyin itace na yanzu 'yan asalin ne.[6]

A matsayin wani ɓangare na babban shirin aiki don dawo da lalacewa, gami da tsire-tsire na asali da wuraren zama na namun daji, TMA na shirin cire bishiyoyi 345 da kuma dasa sabbin bishiyoyi da tsire'o'i 13,000. Yawancin bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa ana rarraba su a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta ko nau'in ciyawa a ƙarƙashin dabarun Gudanar da Kayan Cutar Yankin Auckland. Har ila yau, aikin yana da niyyar adanawa da haɓaka wuraren kallo tsakanin Auckland. Aikin yana da yardar ma'aikata, goyon bayan masu ilimin muhalli, masu binciken bishiyoyi, Majalisar Auckland, Majalisar Itace, Forest da Bird da Tāmaki Collective . [6][3]

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019 wani rukuni na masu zanga-zangar sun toshe cire bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa, suna nuna damuwa game da dabbobi da tsire-tsire masu ban sha-tsire.[19]

A watan Janairun 2020, Pouroto Ngaropo, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin 'shugaban Ngāti Awa ki Te Awa o Te Atua', ya yi iƙirarin alaƙar kakanninmu da Ōwairaka kuma ya yi magana a adawa da shirin TMA daga hangen nesa na Māori. Wakilin da aka ba da umarni na Ngāti Awa iwi, Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Awa, ya ce Tāmaki Collective iwi yana da damar sare bishiyoyi.[20][21]

A watan Mayu 2020, don mayar da martani ga rashin jituwa da ya haifar da zanga-zangar da kuma rubutun ra'ayi a shafin, wakilan Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei a fili sun nemi TMA, Majalisar Auckland da masu zanga-zambe suyi aiki tare don neman sulhu don ci gaba da sake farfado da itacen asali.[22]

A watan Yunin 2020 wata mace Māori ta yi iƙirarin cewa an yi mata cin zarafin launin fata a filin ajiye motoci a Dutsen Albert, kuma ta ce kasancewar kungiyar ta "[protest] ta kara tashin hankali a kan Dutsen Albert". TMA ta ce wasu Māori na gida, gami da yara, sun ji ba su da kwanciyar hankali kuma an ɗaga tsaro.[23]

A watan Nuwamba 2020, wani masanin kimiyyar tsuntsaye ya nuna damuwa game da cire bishiyoyi a lokacin da tsuntsaye ke yin gida, yana neman a jinkirta duk wani aiki har zuwa Fabrairu.[24]

A watan Disamba na 2020, Babban Kotun ta gano cewa TMA da Majalisar Auckland sun yi aiki bisa doka, suna ba da damar shirye-shiryen sabuntawa na asali su ci gaba.[7][25] A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, Kotun daukaka kara ta gano cewa shirin TMA ya karya Dokar Tsaro kuma bai tuntubi jama'a yadda ya kamata ba. Sakamakon haka, an 'tsayar da Yarjejeniyar Resource'. A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta ki sauraron aikace-aikacen da TMA ta yi don daukaka kara kan shawarar. TMA ta lura cewa "Kotu ta daukaka kara ba ta yanke shawara game da cire itace ba, maimakon tsarin shari'a da za a bi. "[26]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ Dunsford, Deborah. "Wairaka, heroine of her time". Mt Albert Inc. Mt Albert Historical Society. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Ōwairaka / Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura". www.maunga.nz (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-03.
  4. ↑ "Place name detail: Ōwairaka / Dutsen Albert". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Council, Auckland. "Tūpuna Maunga significance and history". Auckland Council (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Ōwairaka / Mount Albert trees". waateanews.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Trees" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Ōwairaka/Mt Albert tree war heads to High Court as Auckland citizens take on Tūpuna Maunga Authority". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Council, Auckland. "Ōwairaka / Te Ahi-kā-a-Rakataura / Mt Albert Path – historic walks in Auckland". Auckland Council (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-02.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Auckland Council. "Ōwairaka - Mt Albert heritage walks, brochure". Auckland Council.
  10. ↑ "Volcanic Auckland". New Zealand Geographic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-03.
  11. ↑ "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014". New Zealand Legislation. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
  12. ↑ Thomas, Ben (2019-11-13). "Who really owns Ōwairaka?". The Spinoff. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  13. ↑ "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 01 August 2020), Public Act 41 Maunga must remain as reserves vested in trustee – New Zealand Legislation". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
  14. ↑ "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 01 August 2020), Public Act 22 Mount Albert – New Zealand Legislation". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
  15. ↑ "Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority". Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  16. ↑ "Ngā Kōrero". www.maunga.nz (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  17. ↑ "Changes to vehicle access on Tūpuna Maunga". Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  18. ↑ "Owairaka the sixth and final maunga closed to cars". tewahanui.nz. Retrieved 2022-08-06.
  19. ↑ "Meet the activists trying to stop native trees being planted on Mt Albert". Newshub. Retrieved 4 January 2020.[permanent dead link]
  20. ↑ "Māori world view important in Ōwairaka tree debate". nzherald. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  21. ↑ "Ngati Awa backs Tamaki iwi right to make Owairaka tree cull call". Waatea News: Māori Radio Station (in Turanci). 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  22. ↑ "owairakamt-albert-tree-impasse-time-to-move-forward-agree-protesters-and-ngati-whatua". nzherald. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  23. ↑ "Māori woman allegedly racially abused at Ōwairaka while out on a walk". RNZ (in Turanci). 2020-06-11. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
  24. ↑ "Mt Albert Tree Felling would be cruel of nesting birds experts say". Stuff. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  25. ↑ "Tūpuna Maunga Authority wins court battle in Ōwairaka/Mt Albert tree war". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "Ōwairaka/Mt Albert tree fight goes full circle". NZ Herald (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-07-12.
  • Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 . 

Haɗin waje

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