Alice Kinloch
 Alice Kinloch | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1863 (160/161 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | Afirka ta kudu |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | marubuci da Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam |
| Mamba |
African Association (en)  |
Alice Kinloch ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka ta Kudu, mai magana da jama'a, kuma marubuciya ce wacce ta kafa kungiyar Afirka a Landan a cikin shekarar 1897, kuma ita ce za ta karfafa taron Pan-African a London a 1900. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch a Cape Town, Cape Colony a shekarar 1863. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Kimberley a kusa da shekarar 1870s. A cikin watan Yuni 1885, ta auri Edmund Ndosa Kinloch a Cocin St Cyprian a Kimberley. [1] [2]
Ta yi tafiya zuwa Ƙasar Ingila a cikin shekarar 1895 kuma ta haɗu da kanta tare da Aborigines Protection Society (APS), babbar kungiyar kawar da kare hakkin bil'adama.[1][5][2][3][4][6] A matsayinta na wakilin APS, ta yi magana da manyan masu sauraro a London, Newcastle, York, da Manchester. A kan dandamali a Biritaniya, ta tattauna yanayin Afirka ta Kudu. Taken ta shi ne "rashin lafiyar ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin Afirka ta Kudu, musamman tsarin haɗin gwiwar da aka samu a duk yankunan ma'adinai".[2] [4]
Daga baya, ta buga wani ƙasida mai suna "Shin Diamonds na Afirka ta Kudu sun cancanci ƙimar su?". A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan rahoton, ta bayyana yanayin rayuwa akan mahaɗan ma'adinai a matsayin "kamar bawa" kuma ta yi jayayya game da zartar da dokoki a Natal. [1] [4]
Kinloch ta kafa Ƙungiyar Afirka a shekarar 1897 tare da lauyoyi masu neman Henry Sylvester Williams da Thomas John Thompson daga Trinidad da Saliyo. A matsayin ma'ajin kungiyar Afirka, Kinloch ta koma Afirka ta Kudu a cikin watan Fabrairu 1898 kuma, tare da Ƙungiyar Afirka, ta shirya taron Pan-African na farko a shekarar 1900.[1] [3][1][5][2][3][4][6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Killingray, David (September 2012). "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers". South African Historical Journal. 64 (3): 393–417. doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810. ISSN 0258-2473. S2CID 155055871. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock". Black Plaque Project (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-03. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mbete, Sithembile (2021-10-28). "On, South Africa, race and the making of international relations, the Francesco Giucciardini prize forum". Cambridge Review of International Affairs. 34 (6): 863–866. doi:10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314. ISSN 0955-7571. S2CID 240193517 Check
|s2cid=value (help). Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23). "Women and Pan-Africanism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (in Turanci). doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4. Retrieved 2021-11-03. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "On the Political Constitution", Our Republican Constitution, Hart Publishing, 2005, doi:10.5040/9781472559678.ch-001, ISBN 978-1-4725-5967-8, retrieved 2021-11-03
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Aspinall, Peter J.; Chinouya, Martha J. (2016), "African Communities in Britain", The African Diaspora Population in Britain (in Turanci), London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 1–9, doi:10.1057/978-1-137-45654-0_1, ISBN 978-1-137-45653-3, retrieved 2021-11-05