Astri Aasen
Astri Aasen (3 Satumba 1875 - 10 Oktoba 1935) 'Yar ƙasar Norway ne mai zane. Ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta a birnin Trondheim, kuma a farkon karni na 20, Harriet Backer ta koya mata fenti a Oslo . Ta ƙirƙiri jerin hotuna na waɗanda suka halarci taron Sami na farko a 1917 . Sámediggi (majalisar ) ta samo hotunan a ƙarshen karni na 20, inda suka ci gaba da kasancewa har na 2021. Bayan rasuwarta, danginta ne suka samar da tallafin karatu ga matasa masu fasaha.
Rayuwar farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Aasen a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1875 ga Anna Christine Næss da Nils Aasen.[1] Mahaifinta mai kayan ado ne, kuma mahaifiyarta ta mutu da tarin fuka lokacin da Aasen tana da shekaru biyu. [1] Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, mahaifinta ya auri 'yar'uwar Næss, kuma sun kula da 'yan'uwa hudu.[1] Biyu daga cikin ƴan uwanta sun rasu tana ɗan shekara 17 a duniya.[1]
Sana'a[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin rayuwar matashiyar Aasen, ta zama mai sake gyarawa a cikin birnin Ålesund, kuma ta fara koyon fenti a Bergen lokacin tana da shekara 25 (wajen shekara ta 1900).[1] Na ɗan gajeren lokaci a kusa da 1903, kuma ta ci gaba tsakanin 1907 da 1909, mai zane Harriet Backer ya horar da ita a (sannan Kristiania ).[3] A cewar marubuci Glenny Alfsen, aikinta na fasaha ya ƙunshi "ƙaddarawar dabi'a ": ta ƙirƙiri hotuna ba tare da fassarori ba.[2] Bayan mutuwar iyayenta, ta yi amfani da yawancin rayuwarta a birnin na Norway, inda ta yi aƙalla nuni guda ɗaya kuma ta zauna tare da 'yar uwarta.[3] Ta baje kolin a birane da yawa tsawon rayuwarta - ciki har da Paris, Capri, Florence, da Naples - amma a kai a kai takan dawo Trondheim.[1] Tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1912, masu fasaha Asor Hansen ma sun koya mata., Viggo Johansen, Christian Krohg, Halfdan Strøm, da Léon Bonnat .[3]
A tsakanin 6 ga Fabrairu zuwa 10 ga Fabrairu, 1917, an yi taron Sami na farko, taron ƙasa da ƙasa na Sámi na Norway, Sweden, Rasha, da Denmark.[4] Taron ya kasance mai mahimmanci a fahimtar siyasar Sámi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da shawara na farko don haɗakar ƙasar Sami.[4] Aasen ta ziyarci taron don ƙirƙirar jerin hotuna na pastel na masu halarta, wasu daga cikinsu suna da suna bayan takamaiman mutane (kamar ɗaya don Daniel Mortensen), wasu kuma ba su da rubutun (irin su Tsohuwar ).[4] Hotunan galibi suna nuna ƙirji da shugabannin mahalarta taron, kuma an zana su da sauri.[4]
Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hotuna shi ne na Marie Finskog, wadda ta rayu daga 1851 zuwa 1927.[4] Finskog wani mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin siyasar Sami ta Kudu ne wanda ya yi magana game da halin da ake ciki na tattalin arziki na Sámi a matsayin ba saboda kowane talauci na kungiyar ba, amma a matsayin mai fafutuka. sakamakon wani "yanayin zalunci".[4] A cikin hoton Aasen, Finskog yana sanye da koren gákti, irin riga.[4] A tarihi, fastoci Lars Levi Laestadius reshe na kiristanci ( Laestadianis) ya hana sanya kodayake sun karu cikin shahara a cikin 1840s.[4] Bart Pushaw, masanin tarihi na yankin circumpolar, ya ce Aasen yana sane da ayyukan tashin hankali da ke da alaƙa da Laestadianism-kamar tawayen Kautokeino na 1852 a cikin hamlet na wannan suna - lokacin da ta zana Finskog.[4] Tun da guntuwar zane mai launin rawaya ya nuna ta cikin zanen (kamar a cikin gákti na Finskog) da alama an kammala zanen jim kaɗan bayan fara Aasen.[4] Wannan fasaha mai sauri da mara kyau ta ba ta damar zana yawancin mahalarta taron, kuma a cewar Pushaw, ya ba ta hoton Finskog "mafi kyawun tunani har ma da na zamani" ta hanyar ƙin "daidaitaccen verisimilitude".[4] Har ila yau, ta ba da wasu daga cikin hotunanta ga al'ummominsu; yayin da ta kirkiro zane-zane uku na dan gwagwarmayar Thorkel Jonassen, ta ba shi daya.[4]
Yawancin Hotunan Aasen na masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a yawancin aiyukun ta sun hallarane akan tsare hakkin Dan adan na Sami.[4] Alal misali, Jonassen, ɗan gwagwarmaya ne wanda ya yi imanin cewa Sami ba su da wani aikin ɗabi'a na biyan haraji ga gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka.[4] Bayan taron, Valdemar Lindholm na mujallar Idun ya rubuta cewa zane-zanen "nau'i ne masu ban sha'awa" - ra'ayin da Pushaw ya gani yana kawar da Sámi kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin sanin al'adun su.[4] Pushaw ya ce alkalumman kamar Finskog ba "masu shiga ba" ba ne a cikin majalisa ko hotunansu, amma masu kawo sauyi na zamantakewa a duk yankin Nordic.[4]
Mutuwa da gado[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1935, kusan wata guda bayan cikarta shekaru 60, Aasen ta mutu sakamakon bugun jini. [13] Bayan shekaru takwas, ƙungiyar fasaha ta Trondheim ta ƙirƙira wani abin tunawa na aikinta, kuma danginta sun kafa guraben karatu na shekara-shekara ga matasa masu zane-zane da sunanta: Astri Aasens gave (Kyautar Astri Aasen) wanan Abu da dangin aaesen sukayi na ƙafa kungiya amata ya fara ta ran masu koyon zane zane ta ban garen fasaha kyauta ga al'umma su . [3]
Yawancin zane-zanenta na majalisar Sami an dawo dasu a cikin 1995; Majalisar (majalisar Sami) ta same su a bayan shekaru biyu. [14] Hotonta mai hazaka na Jonassen shima Sámediggi ya samu; daya daga cikin hotunanta nasa ya zama katin waya, wani kuma ya samu ta wurin gidajen tarihi na Norway a Lierne, wani kuma an saka shi a makarantar matasa Sámi a Snåsa .[4] Bayan taron, jihohin Nordic sun fara tsarin tashe-tashen hankula da rikice-rikice wanda ya dakatar da ci gaba da yawa; Aikin Aasen a Snåsa, a cewar Pushaw, "ci gaba da hangen nesa" na gwagwarmayar siyasa ta Sámi ga dalibanta, kuma ya nuna cewa ci gaba na iya yiwuwa.[4]
Littattafan zane na ƙuruciyarta, tare da zane ɗaya daga lokacin da take da shekaru 14, Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Trondheim tana riƙe da ita har zuwa 2018.[5] A cewar mai kula da zane-zane Rebeka Helena Blikstad, sun nuna cewa, kamar yawancin mata masu fasaha na lokacin, ta ya kasance mai sha'awar hoto da zanen ciki, amma har ma da siffofi na geometric na " siffa ta zahiri ".[6] Tun daga 2021, zane-zanenta na majalisa ya kasance a cikin tarin Sámediggi.[4]