Bala'in Tafkin Nyos

 

Bala'in Tafkin Nyos

6°26′15″N 10°17′51″E
Iri	natural disaster (en) limnic eruption (en)
Kwanan watan	21 ga Augusta, 1986
Wuri	Tafkin Nyos, Northwest (en)
Ƙasa	Kameru
Sanadi	limnic eruption (en)
Adadin waɗanda suka rasu	1,746

A ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekarar ta 1986, fashewar wani abu a tafkin Nyos a arewa maso yammacin Kamaru ya kashe mutane 1,746 da dabbobi 3,500.

Fashewar ta haifar da sakin kusan tan 100,000-300,000 na carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). [1] [2] Gajimaren iskar gas ya fara tashi a kusan 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph; 28 m/s) sannan, kasancewar ya fi iska nauyi, ya gangaro zuwa kauyukan da ke kusa, inda ya shake mutane da dabbobi a cikin nisan 25 kilometres (16 mi) ta lake. [3] [4]

Tun lokacin da aka shigar da tsarin share fage a tafkin, da nufin rage yawan CO a cikin ruwa don haka hadarin kara fashewa. Tare da bala'in Lake Monoun shekaru biyu da suka gabata, yana ɗaya daga cikin fashe fashe biyu kacal a tarihi.

Fashewa da sakin iskar gas

Ba a san abin da ya jawo tashin iskar gas ba. Yawancin masu binciken kasa na zargin zaftarewar kasa, amma wasu na ganin cewa wata karamar fashewar aman wuta ta faru a kan gadon tafkin. Yiwuwa ta uku ita ce ruwan sama mai sanyi da ke fadowa a gefe guda na tafkin ya haifar da kifewar. Wasu har yanzu </link> sun yi imanin cewa an yi wata ƙaramar girgizar ƙasa, amma saboda shaidu ba su bayar da rahoton jin wani girgiza ba a safiyar da bala'in ya faru, wannan hasashen ba zai yiwu ba.</link>Abin ya haifar da ruwa mai zurfi mai zurfi da sauri yana haɗuwa tare da manyan yadudduka na tafkin, inda rage matsa lamba ya ba da damar CO da aka adana don fitar da mafita.

An yi imani cewa kusan 1.2 cubic kilometres (4.2×10¹⁰ cu ft) na iskar gas. Ruwan tabkin da aka saba ya yi shuɗi ya zama ja mai zurfi bayan fitar da iskar gas ɗin, saboda ruwa mai wadatar baƙin ƙarfe daga zurfin da ke tashi zuwa saman kuma iskar ta yi oxidised . Matsayin tafkin ya ragu da kimanin mita kuma bishiyoyin da ke kusa da tafkin sun rushe.

Masana kimiyya sun kammala daga shaidun cewa 100 m (330 ft) ginshiƙin ruwa da kumfa da aka kafa a saman tafkin, yana haifar da igiyar ruwa na akalla 25 metres (82 ft) wanda ya share bakin ruwa a gefe guda.

Tun da carbon dioxide ya ninka ninki 1.5 na iska, gajimaren ya rungume ƙasa ya gangara cikin kwaruruka, inda akwai ƙauyuka daban-daban. Taro ya kai kimanin 50 metres (160 ft) mai kauri, kuma yana tafiya ƙasa a 20–50 kilometres per hour (12–31 mph; 5.6–13.9 m/s) . Don kusan 23 kilometres (14 mi), gajimaren iskar gas ya tattara sosai ya shake mutane da yawa a cikin barcinsu a kauyukan Nyos, Kam, Cha, da Subum. Kimanin mazaunan 4,000 sun tsere daga yankin, kuma yawancin waɗannan sun sami matsalolin numfashi, raunuka, da gurɓatacce sakamakon gajimaren iskar gas.

Yana da yuwuwar cewa an saki wasu iskar gas mai aman wuta tare da CO , kamar yadda wasu waɗanda suka tsira suka ba da rahoton wani wari na gunpowder ko ruɓaɓɓen qwai, wanda ke nuna cewa sulfur dioxide da hydrogen sulfide sun kasance a cikin ƙima sama da kofofin warin su. Koyaya, CO shine kawai iskar gas da aka gano a cikin samfuran ruwan tafkin, wanda ke nuna cewa wannan shine mafi yawan iskar gas da aka saki kuma a saboda haka shine babban dalilin faruwar lamarin.

Tasiri kan wadanda suka tsira

Shanu sun shake da carbon dioxide daga tafkin Nyos

Masu aiko da rahotanni a yankin sun bayyana lamarin a matsayin "kamar yadda bam din neutron ya afku." Wani da ya tsira, Joseph Nkwain daga Subum, ya bayyana kansa a lokacin da ya farka bayan da iskar gas ta taso:

I could not speak. I became unconscious. I could not open my mouth because then I smelled something terrible ... I heard my daughter snoring in a terrible way, very abnormal ... When crossing to my daughter's bed ... I collapsed and fell. I was there till nine o'clock in the morning (of Friday, the next day) ... until a friend of mine came and knocked at my door ... I was surprised to see that my trousers were red, had some stains like honey. I saw some ... starchy mess on my body. My arms had some wounds ... I didn't really know how I got these wounds ... I opened the door ... I wanted to speak, my breath would not come out ... My daughter was already dead ... I went into my daughter's bed, thinking that she was still sleeping. I slept till it was 4.30 in the afternoon ... on Friday (the same day). (Then) I managed to go over to my neighbours' houses. They were all dead ... I decided to leave ... (because) most of my family was in Wum ... I got my motorcycle ... A friend whose father had died left with me (for) Wum ... As I rode ... through Nyos I didn't see any sign of any living thing ... (When I got to Wum), I was unable to walk, even to talk ... my body was completely weak.

Bayan fashewar, an yi jinyar wadanda suka tsira a babban asibitin Yaoundé, babban birnin kasar. An yi imanin cewa da yawa daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun sha guba ne ta hanyar iskar gas mai tushen sulfur. Guba da waɗannan iskar zai haifar da ƙona idanu da hanci, tari da alamun shaƙa kamar shakewa.

Tattaunawar da aka yi da waɗanda suka tsira da kuma nazarin ilimin cututtuka sun nuna cewa waɗanda abin ya shafa sun ɓace cikin hanzari kuma cewa CO asphyxiation ya haifar da mutuwa. A matakan da ba na mutuwa ba, CO na iya haifar da hallucinations na azanci, kamar yadda mutane da yawa da aka fallasa ga CO suna ba da rahoton warin mahaɗan sulfuric lokacin da babu ɗaya. Raunin fata da aka samu akan wadanda suka tsira suna wakiltar raunukan matsa lamba, kuma a cikin wasu lokuta suna nunawa ga tushen zafi, amma babu wata shaida na konewar sinadarai ko na walƙiya mai ƙonewa daga fallasa ga iskar gas mai zafi.

De-gassing

Girman bala'in ya haifar da bincike mai yawa kan yadda za a iya hana sake faruwa. Masu bincike da yawa sun ba da shawarar shigar da ginshiƙai masu zubar da ruwa daga rafts a tsakiyar tafkin. Ka'idar ita ce a sannu a hankali a huce CO ta hanyar ɗaga ruwa mai yawa daga kasan tafkin ta hanyar bututu, da farko ta hanyar amfani da famfo, amma sai dai har sai an fitar da iskar gas a cikin bututun ta dabi'a ta ɗaga ginshiƙi na ruwa, yana sanya aiwatar da kai.

An fara daga 1995, an yi nasarar gudanar da nazarin yuwuwar, kuma an shigar da bututun degassing na farko a tafkin Nyos a 2001. An shigar da ƙarin bututu biyu a cikin 2011. A cikin 2019 an ƙaddara cewa zubar da ruwa ya kai matsayi mai tsayi kuma ɗaya daga cikin bututun da aka sanya zai iya ɗaukar kansa da kansa a cikin tsarin zubar da ruwa zuwa gaba, yana kiyaye CO a matakin aminci, ba tare da wata bukata ba. don ikon waje.

Ana zargin irin wannan hatsari a tafkin Kivu

Bayan bala'in tafkin Nyos, masana kimiyya sun binciki sauran tabkunan Afirka don ganin ko irin wannan lamari na iya faruwa a wani wuri. A cikin 2005, tafkin Kivu a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, 2,000 wanda ya fi girma fiye da tafkin Nyos, an kuma gano cewa yana da girma, kuma masana kimiyyar ƙasa sun sami shaidar cewa abubuwan da suka faru a kusa da tafkin sun faru kusan kowace shekara dubu.

Koyaya, binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2018 kuma aka fitar dashi a cikin 2020 ya sami lahani a cikin binciken na 2005, gami da yuwuwar son rai a cikin jujjuya abubuwan tattarawa zuwa matsi na juzu'i, zuwa wuce gona da iri, ko kuma matsalar daidaita na'urori masu auna firikwensin a babban matsin lamba. Binciken na 2020 ya gano cewa lokacin da aka lissafta waɗannan kurakuran, haɗarin fashewar iskar gas a tafkin Kivu ba ya ƙaruwa da lokaci.

Duba kuma

• Lake Monun
• Jerin bala'o'i ta adadin wadanda suka mutu

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Ra'ayin Google Earth na yankin kusa da tafkin Nyos