Charlemae Hill Rollins
 Charlemae Hill Rollins | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Yazoo City (en)  , 20 ga Yuni, 1897 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Ƙabila | Afirkawan Amurka |
| Mutuwa | Chicago, 3 ga Faburairu, 1979 |
| Makwanci |
Burr Oak Cemetery (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Howard University (en) University of Chicago Graduate Library School (en) Columbia College Chicago (en) University of Chicago (en) Roosevelt University (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
librarian (en) |
| Employers |
Fisk University (en) |
| Kyaututtuka | |
Charlemae Hill Rollins (20 ga Yuni,1897 - Fabrairu 3, 1979)[1]mawallafin laburare ne na majagaba,marubuci kuma mai ba da labari a fannin wallafe-wallafen Ba-Amurke.A cikin shekaru talatin da daya a matsayin shugabar laburare na sashen yara a dakin karatu na jama'a na Chicago da kuma bayan ta yi ritaya, ta kafa sauye-sauye a cikin adabin yara.
Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Rollins a cikin Yazoo City, Mississippi, ga Allen G. Hill,manomi,da Birdie Tucker Hill,malami.Iyalinta sun koma Beggs a yankin Oklahoma suna fatan samun ingantacciyar yanayin rayuwa,amma sun gano cewa an cire yaran baƙar fata daga halartar makaranta.Ba tare da damuwa ba,dangin Rollins sun kafa makaranta wanda Rollins ya halarta.[2]
Bayan kammala karatun firamare,Rollins ta halarci manyan makarantun baƙar fata a St Louis,Missouri,Holly Springs,Mississippi,da Quindoro, Kansas,inda ta kammala a 1916.Bayan ta sami takardar shaidar koyarwa, ta koyar a makarantar da danginta suka kafa kafin su tafi zuwa Jami'ar Howard.Ta dawo bayan shekara guda don auren Joseph Walter Rollins a ranar 8 ga Afrilu,1918.Ma’auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Chicago a shekara ta 1919, bayan da Yusufu ya dawo daga yaƙin duniya na ɗaya.An haifi ɗansu,Joseph Walter Rollins, Jr., a shekara ta 1920.
Rollins ya zama ma'aikacin ɗakin karatu na yara a ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Chicago a 1927.Da farko,ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na Reshen Hardin Square, inda ta zama sananne a matsayin mai ba da labari.[2] Ko da yake ba ta sami digiri ba, Rollins ya sami horon ɗakin karatu daga Kwalejin Columbia a lokacin rani na 1932,da kuma shirin karatun digiri na Jami'ar Chicago daga 1934-1936.[3]Ba abin mamaki ba ne Rollins ya zaɓi ya mai da hankali a cikin wallafe-wallafen yara,yana kiran koyon karatu tun yana ƙarami "abin da na taɓa yi."[4]Kakar Rollins,tsohuwar bawa,mutum ne mai mahimmanci a rayuwarta.Ta taimaki Rollins ta haɓaka son karatu ta hanyar ba ta damar shiga ɗakin karatu.[3]Wannan sha'awar ta taimaka wa Rollins ya zama ma'aikacin laburare.
Bakar fata na Chicago sun karu yayin da karin iyalai suka koma arewa don ingantacciyar ilimi,aiki da yanayin rayuwa.Wariyar launin fata (de jure & de facto) ta yi yawa,wanda ya bambanta da halin kirki ga baƙar fata kafin 1915.[5]Tun daga nan,tashin hankali ya ci gaba,kuma ya ƙare a cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar Chicago Race Riot na 1919.A cikin irin wannan yanayi,babu wani ɗakin karatu da aka kafa don al'umma har sai da aka buɗe Laburaren reshe na George Cleveland Hall a shekara ta 1932.Reshe na farko da aka gina a unguwar baƙar fata,ɗakin karatu yana da majiɓinta iri-iri daga ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da na tattalin arziki.[4]Rollins ta zama shugabar sashen kula da yara,inda ta yi aiki har sai da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1963.
Rollins ya yi aiki tare da darektan ɗakin karatu, Vivian Harsh,don sanya ɗakin karatu maraba ga ma'abota al'adu da yawa,tattalin arziki daban-daban.[2]Ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu, ɗakin karatu ya karɓi ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa,Ƙungiyar Tarihin Negro,da baje kolin littattafai.[4]Baya ga aikinta da yara,Rollins kuma ta kafa asibitin jagoranci karatu ga iyaye.Marubutan baƙar fata sun ziyarci ɗakin karatu ciki har da Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, Margaret Walker, da Langston Hughes, wanda Rollins ya haɓaka abota.
Bayan waɗannan gudummawar don aikin karatu, Rollins kuma ya koyar a Kwalejin Morgan a Baltimore,Maryland,da lokacin bazara a Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville,Tennessee.[6]Ta kuma fara koyar da kwas a Adabin Yara a Jami'ar Roosevelt a 1949 kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa 1979. [7]
Rollins ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu,1979, yana da shekaru 81.
Gyaran adabi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yawancin wallafe-wallafen da yara ƙanana suke da su a farkon rabin karni na ashirin suna cike da zane-zane na baƙar fata, ciki har da yarukan ƙarya,zane-zane,da kalmomi masu banƙyama.Yayin da yawancin dakunan karatu a duk faɗin ƙasar ba su da wata manufa ta wariya,kuma ba su yi gaggawar gayyatar baƙi don amfani da tarin ba.[8]
Rollins ya fashe don canza abun ciki a cikin littattafai na yara da matasa da yawa don kwatanta rayuwar baƙar fata daidai.Buga ta na farko a cikin 1941, Mu Gina Tare: Jagorar Mai Karatu ga Rayuwar Negro da wallafe-wallafe don Amfani da Makarantar Firamare da Sakandare,littafi ne na littattafan da suka dace da yaran Amurkawa matasa na Afirka waɗanda suka nemi kawar da ra'ayoyin baƙar fata mara kyau.Ana wakilta tatsuniyoyi, almara,da nau'ikan wasanni tare da hotuna da littattafan almara na yara da matasa.[9]
Rollins ya fi damuwa da samar da kayan da ke siffanta Ba-Amurke a cikin kyakkyawan haske,da kuma kayan da baki.An rubuta We Build Together don ƙirƙirar alamar "littattafan da yaran Negro za su iya ji dadin ba tare da sanin kansu ba,littattafan da za su iya ganewa da gamsarwa,littattafan da yara farar fata za su iya karantawa kuma su koyi abin da Negro matasa da iyalai suke." [9] Ta kuma yi imanin cewa ingantaccen wallafe-wallafen baƙar fata na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka juriya tsakanin jinsi ta hanyar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin ra'ayi.Mun Gina Tare, ya tabbatar da darajar Rollins a matsayin fitaccen jagora a cikin adabin yara. Mawallafa sun fara aika mata kwafin littattafai don tantancewa.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Miller, Marilyn L. Pioneers and Leaders in Library Services to Youth A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2003. <http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=125651>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Turner, G. T. (1997). Follow in their footsteps. New York: Cobblehill Books.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Charlemae Hill Rollins [Electronic Version]. Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 23. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Charlemae Hill Rollins [Electronic. (1992). Version]. Notable Black American Women, 1. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008.
- ↑ "Chicago and Its Eight Reasons: Walter White Considers the Causes of the 1919 Chicago Race Riot". Crisis. History Matters (October 1919). Retrieved on 12/6/2008 from http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/4978
- ↑ "Charlemae Hill Rollins." Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 27. Edited by Ashyia Henderson. Gale Group, 2001. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2008.
- ↑ "Charlemae Hill Rollins." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Literature Resource Center. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.
- ↑ Graham, P. T. (2002). A right to read: segregation and civil rights in Alabama's public libraries, 1900–1965. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rollins, C. H., & Baker, A. (1967). We build together; a reader's guide to Negro life and literature for elementary and high school use. (3rd ed.). Champaign, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English.