Danyen Man Fetur na Najeriya
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Crude oil a harshen Nasara, wanda an fi kiransa da danyen mai wato ( peteroleum) fetur. Ruwa ne, wanda ya ƙunshi hydrocarbons da sinadarai na halitta ko mahadi, da aka samu a ƙasa da Farth. Ana samun danyen mai ta hanyar dumama tare da matse kwayoyin halitta na tsawon lokaci.
Tarihin Hako danyen mai a Najeriya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Aikin hako danyen mai na nufin tsarin nemo mai a karkashin kasa. Tsarin yana aiki ne da masana kimiyyar man fetur da masana kimiyyar albarkatun kasa don gano Danyen man dake kasa.
An fara bincike Danyen man fetur a Najeriya tun lokacin mulkin mallaka. An siffanta shi da yunƙurin da kamfanonin ƙasashen waje ke yi. Yunkurin farko na samar danyen man fetur, an fara bincike a Najeriya a shekarar 1908. Bajamushe ne ya fara aikin wanda aka fi sani da Kamfanin Bitumen na Najeriya. Kamfanin ya Fara aikinsa a yankin Araromi dake jihar Ondo a yau. Duk da haka, saboda sakamakon barkewar yakin duniya na farko a shekarar 1914, an kawo karshen wannan kokarin na farko da kuma tilastawa kamfanin barin Najeriya. [1]
Yunkurin na biyu ya fara ne bayan kawo karshen yakin duniya na farko a shekarar 1918. Turawan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka sun ba da lasisi ga kamfanoni biyu, wato D' Arcy Exploration company da Whitehall Petroleum don hakar danyen mai a kasar. Duk da haka, saidai kamfanonin biyun ba su iya samun mai wanda darajarsa takai ayi kasuwanci ba, sun mayar da lasisin da aka basu ga gwamnati a 1923. Saboda haka sai aka bada sabon lasisi fadin murabba'in kilomita 920,000 (kilomita 357,000) zuwa wani sabon kamfani na waje mai suna Shell D'archy ko Anglo Dutch Consortium daga baya ya canja suna zuwa
Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC). Kamfanin ya fara hako man fetur a shekarar 1937. An baiwa kamfanin hannun jari ya mamaye duk fadin Najeriya.
Barkewar yakin Worilo na Biyu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A 1939 ya katse ayyukan kamfanin har zuwa 1947 sannan kamfanin ya dawo aiki. Kamfanin Shell-BPya fara aikin hako mai a yankin Neja-Delta daga 1947. Kamfanin ya fara ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a 1951, kuma gwajin farko da akayi an yi shi ne a yankin Owerri da ke yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. Bayan anyi aikin hako man da yawa. An gano adadi mai yawa da da ba a kasuwancinsac a Akata da Eket a shekarar 1955. Sai kuma Kamfanin na Sell-BP, a kokarin sa na neman danyen mai na kasuwanci ya samu adadi mai yawa musamman a Yankin Neja Delta, ya samu mai a Oloibiri a dake karamar hukumar Ogbia a yau Yankin Jihar Bayelsa a 1956. Daga 1956 zuwa gaba, an gano rijiyoyin mai a cikin
sassa daban-daban na yankin Neja Delta kamar Afam, Bomnu a yankin Ogoni, Ugheli, Kokori. Ci gaban 1956 ya nuna alamar nasarar hako danyen mai a yankin Niger Delta musamman da ma Najeriya baki daya. Don haka, a cikin 1958, Shell-BPya fara samar da danyen man kasuwanci adadin da ake fitarwa a Oloibiri akan farashin ganga 5100 a kowace rana. Yawan sa daga baya ya ninka bayan samun 'yancin kai.
ana jigilar danyen man ne zuwa yankin Turai Wannan nasarar farko tayi sanadiyar fitowar Najeriya a matsayin daya daga cikin kasar da take fitar da man fetur a duniya .[2]
Jihohin da suke Fitar da man fetur[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A yau, jihohi tara ne masu hako mai
a Najeriya. Akwa lbom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Ondo, Rivers, Abia, da kuma Jihohin Imo. Duk wadannan jahohin suna cikin Kudancin Najeriya, wanda ya ƙunshi yankuna masu Tasiri guda uku.
Akwa lbom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Rivers duk suna Kudu-maso-Kudu; [[Abia
]]
da kuma Jihohin [Imo]] suna Kudu maso Gabas ne. Jihar Ondo kuma tana cikin Kudu-maso-Yamma.