David Ricardo
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David Ricardo (an haifeshi 18 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1772) ya kasance kasanin harkar tattalin arziki ta bangaren siyasa, Kuma Dan siyasa ne Kuma kasance mamba a majalissar zartarwa ta kasar great Britain (birtaniya)da yankin Ireland. Ya shahara ta bangaren masana tattalin arziki na classical econonist wadanda suka hada sauran masana tattalin arziki kamar suThomas malthus, Adam smith,James mill[1]
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife shi a London, Ingila, Ricardo shine na uku da ya tsira daga cikin 'ya'yan 17 na babban abokin ciniki Abraham Israel Ricardo (1733?-1812) da Abigail (1753-1801), 'yar Abraham Delvalle (kuma "del Valle"), mai daraja. Iyalin Yahudawa Sephardic waɗanda suka zauna a Ingila har tsawon tsararraki uku a matsayin "ƙananan amma masu wadata" sigari da 'yan kasuwa, kuma ya samu takardar zama dan kasar Burtaniya. 'Yar'uwar Abigail, Rebecca, ita ce matar mawallafin Wilson Lowry, kuma mahaifiyar mawallafin Joseph Wilson Lowry da masanin ilimin ƙasa, masanin ma'adinai, kuma marubuci Delvalle Lowry.[2]
Iyalin Ricardo Yahudawa ne na Sephardic na asalin Fotigal waɗanda kwanan nan suka ƙaura daga Jamhuriyar Holland.[3] Ricardo ya fara aiki tare da mahaifinsa yana ɗan shekara 14. Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 21, Ricardo ya yi magana da wata ‘yar Quaker, Priscilla Anne Wilkinson, kuma ba tare da son mahaifinsa ba, ya koma Unitarianism[4]8]. Wannan bambamcin addini ya haifar da keɓancewa daga danginsa, har ya kai ga ya ɗauki matsayin 'yancin kai[5]. Mahaifinsa ya musunta shi, kuma mahaifiyarsa ba ta sake yin magana da shi ba.[6]
Bayan wannan baƙuwar ya shiga kasuwanci don kansa tare da goyon bayan Lubbocks da Forster, wani fitaccen gidan banki. Ya yi kaso mafi tsoka na dukiyarsa ta hanyar ba da rancen kudi ga gwamnati. Akwai labarin da ya yi arzikinsa a sakamakon hasashe kan sakamakon yakin Waterloo: Jaridar Sunday Times ta ruwaito a cikin mutuwar Ricardo, wanda aka buga a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1823, cewa a lokacin yakin Ricardo ya "cika sama da sittin miliyan." , adadi mai yawa a lokacin, kuma masanin tattalin arziki Paul Samuelson ya shahara daga baya; A gaskiya Ricardo ya riga ya kasance mai arziki sosai kuma a cikin Yuni 1815 ya sayar da hannun jari na gwamnati na baya-bayan nan kafin a san sakamakon yakin a London, don haka ya ɓace rabin tashin.[7]
Daga baya ya sayi Gatcombe Park, wani yanki a Gloucestershire kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa ƙasar. An nada shi Babban Sheriff na Gloucestershire don 1818–19.[8] A cikinwatan Agustan 1818 ya sayi kujerar Lord Portarlingtons a majalisa akan fam 4,000, a matsayin wani ɓangare na lamuni na £25,000. Tarihinsa a Majalisa shine na mai son gyara. Ya rike kujerar har zuwa rasuwarsa bayan shekaru biyar[9].
Ricardo babban abokin James Mill ne. Sauran sanannun abokai sun haɗa da Jeremy Bentham da Thomas Malthus, waɗanda Ricardo ya yi muhawara mai yawa (a cikin wasiƙa) game da abubuwa kamar rawar da masu mallakar ƙasa ke takawa a cikin al'umma. Ya kuma kasance memba na Malthus' Political Economy Club, kuma memba na Sarkin kulake. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ainihin membobin The Geological Society.[10] Ƙanwarsa ita ce marubuciya Sarah Ricardo-Porter (misali, Tattaunawa a cikin Lissafi).[6]
Mutuwa da gado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shekaru goma bayan yin ritaya da kuma shekaru hudu bayan shiga majalisar, Ricardo ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da kunnen tsakiya wanda ya bazu cikin kwakwalwarsa kuma ya haifar da ciwon jini. Ya kasance 51. Shi da matarsa Priscilla suna da 'ya'ya takwas tare da Osman Ricardo (1795-1881; MP for Worcester 1847-1865), David Ricardo (1803-1864, MP for Stroud 1832-1833) da Mortimer Ricardo, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a cikin Life Guards kuma ya kasance mataimakin laftanar na Oxfordshire.[10]
An binne Ricardo a cikin wani katon kabari a farfajiyar cocin Saint Nicholas a Hardenhuish, yanzu yanki ne na Chippenham, Wiltshire. A lokacin mutuwarsa an kiyasta dukiyarsa akan £675,000–£775,000.[2]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Sowell, Thomas (2006). On classical economics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press."David Ricardo | Policonomics". 30 January 2012
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (2 September 2004). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/23471. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23471. Retrieved 14 December 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Heertje, Arnold (2004). "The Dutch and Portuguese-Jewish background of David Ricardo". European Journal of the History of Economic Thought. 11 (2): 281–294.
- ↑ Francisco Solano Constancio, Paul Henri Alcide Fonteyraud. 1847. Œuvres complètes de David Ricardo, Guillaumin, (pp. v–xlviii): A part sa conversion au Christianisme et son mariage avec une femme qu'il eut l'audace grande d'aimer malgré les ordres de son père.
- ↑ Ricardo, David. 1919. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. G. Bell, p. lix: "by reason of a religious difference with his father, to adopt a position of independence at a time when he should have been undergoing that academic training"
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sraffa, Piero; David Ricardo (1955), The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo: Volume 10, Biographical Miscellany, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 434,
- ↑ ISBN 0-521-06075-3 Wilfried Parys, "Samuelsonian legends about Ricardo’s finances lack historical evidence"
- ↑ "No. 17326". The London Gazette. 24 January 1818. p. 188.
- ↑ "David Ricardo | Biography, Theory, Comparative Advantage, & Works". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
- ↑ "Ricardo, David (1772–1823), of Gatcombe Park, Minchinhampton, Glos. and 56 Upper Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 18 September 2013.