Deborah Karanta

Deborah Karanta
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Birmingham, 14 ga Faburairu, 1708
Mutuwa	19 Disamba 1774
Makwanci	Christ Church, Philadelphia (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	Sababi na ainihi (Bugun jini)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Benjamin Franklin (mul)  (1723 -
Yara	view Sarah Franklin (en) Francis Folger Franklin (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci

Deborah Read Franklin (c. 1708 - Disamba 19, 1774) ita ce matar Benjamin Franklin, ɗaya daga cikin Iyayen da suka kafa Amurka.

Shekarun farko

Bayanai kadan ne akasa sani game da rayuwar Read. An haife ta a tsakanin 1708, mai yiwuwa a Birmingham, Ingila (wasu bayanan sun nuna an haife ta ne a Philadelphia) ga John da Sarah Read, ma'aurata Quaker masu daraja. John Read dan kwangila ne mai cin gashin kansa kuma kafinta wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1724. Read yana da 'yan'uwa guda uku: 'yan'uwan maza biyu ne, John da James, da' yar'uwa, Frances. Iyalin Read sun yi hijira zuwa Amurka ta Burtaniya a shekara ta 1711, suka zauna a Philadelphia.

Auretaiya

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1723, Read mai shekaru 15 ta hadu da Benjamin Franklin mai shekaru 17 lokacin da ya wuce gidan Read a kan hanyan Kasuwa wata safiya. Franklin ya koma Philadelphia daga Boston don neman aiki a matsayin frinta. A cikin tarihin kansa, Franklin ya tuna cewa a lokacin ganawarsu, yana tafiya yayin da yake ɗauke da "babban juzu'i uku". Kamar yadda ba shi da aljihu, Franklin ya ɗauki guda ɗaya a ƙarƙashin kowane hannu kuma yana cin na uku. Read (wanda Franklin ya kira "Debby") yana tsaye a ƙofar gidanta kuma ya yi farin ciki da ganin "mafi girman bayyanar ban dariya" na Franklin.

Soyayya tsakanin Read da Franklin ba da daɗewa ba ta ci gaba. Lokacin da Franklin bai iya samun wurin zama mai dacewa kusa da wajen aikinsa ba, mahaifin Read ya ba shi hayar ɗaki a gidan iyalinsa. Read da Franklin sun ci gaba da soyayya, kuma a cikin 1724, Franklin ya nemi aurenta. Dukda cewa, mahaifiyar Read, Sarah, ba za ta yarda da auren ba, tana mai ambaton tafiyar da Franklin ke jira zuwa London da rashin kwanciyar hankali na kudi.

Read da Franklin sun jinkirta shirin aurensu kuma Franklin ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila. Bayan ya isa Landan, Franklin ya yanke shawarar kawo karshen dangantakar. A cikin wata wasika, ya sanar da Read cewa ba shi da ra'ayin komawa zuwa Philadelphia. Franklin daga baya ya makale a Landan bayan Sir William Keith ya kasa cike alkawuran tallafin da yace zai bashi na kudi.

A lokacin da Franklin ba ya nan, mahaifiyar Read ta rinjayeta da ta auri John Rogers, wani mutumin Burtaniya wanda aka fi saninshi a matsayin masassaƙi ko mai tukwane. Daga ƙarshe Read ta yarda kuma ta auri Rogers a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, 1725 a Christ Church, Philadelphia. Aure bai jima ba ya rushe saboda "magana mare dadi" Rogers ba zai iya riƙe aiki ba kuma ya amshi bashi mai yawa kafin aurensu. Watanni huɗu bayan sun yi aure, Read ta rabu da Rogers bayan wani abokin Rogers" da ya ziyarce su daga Ingila ya sanar da ita cewa Rogers yana dawata matar a Ingila. Read ta ki zama kuma ta dena ganin Rogers a matsayin mijinta. Yayinda ma'auratan suka rabu, Rogers ya kashe sadakin Read, ya sami ƙarin bashi, kuma ya yi amfani da auren don ci gaba da makirci. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1727, Rogers ya sace bawa kuma ya ɓace. Ba da daɗewa ba, rahotanni da ba a tabbatar da su ba sun bazu cewa Rogers ya tafi British West Indies, inda aka kashe shi a cikin fada. A cikin tarihin kansa, Franklin ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa Rogers ya mutu a cikin British West Indies. Ba a taɓa tabbatar da ainihin makomar John Rogers ba.

Duk da niyyarsa ta baya ta kasance a London, Franklin ya koma Philadelphia a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1727. Shi da Read daga ƙarshe sun sake komawa dangantakarsu kuma sun yanke shawarar yin aure. Duk da yake Read ta yi la'akari da auren mijinta na farko ya ƙare, ba ta iya sake yin aure bisa doka ba. A wannan lokacin, doka a Lardin Pennsylvania ba ta ba macen da tace aurenta ya muta damar fita daga gidan aurenta face ta gabatar da shaidan saki; kuma Read ba zata iya da'awar zama gwauruwa ba, saboda babu wata hujja cewa Rogers ya mutu. Idan Rogers ya dawo bayan Read ta auri Franklin bisa doka, zata fuskanci tuhumar cin zarafi wanda ya ɗauki hukuncin bulala talatin tara da hakan kuma da ɗaurin rai da rai tare da aiki tuƙuru.

Don kauce wa duk wata matsala ta shari'a, Read da Franklin sun yanke shawarar yin aure na doka. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1730, ma'auratan sun gudanar da wani bikin ga abokai da dangi inda suka sanar da cewa za su zauna a matsayin miji da mata. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare: Francis Folger "Franky" (an haife shi a shekara ta 1732), wanda ya mutu daga kyanda a shekara ta 1736, yana da shekaru hudu, da kuma Sarah "Sally" (an haife ta a shekara ta 1743). Read kuma ta taimaka wajen tayar da ɗan Franklin William, wanda har yanzu ba a san asalin mahaifiyarsa ba.

Shekaru na baya da mutuwa

A ƙarshen shekarun 1750, Benjamin Franklin ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai buga littattafai, mai firinti, da marubuci. An nada shi mai buga fosta na farko na Philadelphia kuma ya shiga cikin harkokin zamantakewa da siyasa wanda zai haifar da kafa Amurka. A cikin 1757, Franklin ya fara tafiya ta farko zuwa Turai. Read ta ki ya bi shi saboda tsoron tafiyar teku. Yayinda Franklin ya zauna a kasashen waje na tsawon shekaru biyar, Read ta kasance a Philadelphia inda, duk da karancin ilimin ta, ta sami nasarar gudanar da kasuwancin mijinta, ta kula da gidansu, ta kula le 'ya'yan ma'auratan kuma ta halarci Taron Quaker a kai a kai.

Franklin ya koma Philadelphia a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1762. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan Read ta bi shi zuwa Turai, amma ta sake kin amincewa. Franklin ya koma Turai a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1764 inda zai kasance na tsawon shekaru goma masu zuwa. Read bata sake ganin Franklin ba.

A shekara ta 1768, Read ta sha wahala ta farko daga cikin jerin hawan jini wanda ya lalata maganarta da ƙwaƙwalwarta. A sauran rayuwarta, ta sha wahala daga rashin lafiya da baƙin ciki. Duk da yanayin matarsa, Franklin bai koma Philadelphia ba duk da cewa ya kammala ayyukansa na diflomasiyya. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1769, Read ta rubuta ma Franklin tana cewa hawan jini, rashin lafiya da kuma halin da ake ciki sun kasance sakamakon "rashin gamsuwa" saboda rashin sa. Franklin har yanzu bai dawo ba amma ya ci gaba da rubutu ga Read. Wasikar Read ta ƙarshe da ta rubuta zuwa Franklin ta kasance ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1773. Bayan haka, ta daina rubutu gs mijinta. Franklin ya ci gaba da rubuta wa Read, yana tambaya game da dalilin da ya sa wasikunta suka daina iso zuwa gareshi, amma har yanzu bai koma gida ba.

A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1774, Read hawan jinint ya tashi na ƙarshe kuma ta mutu a ranar 19 ga Disamba. An binne ta a Christ Church Burial Ground a Philadelphia . An binne Franklin kusa da ita bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1790.

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  Francis Folger Franklin
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  Sarah [Franklin] Bache
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  William Franklin

Tushen

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• (Ralph L. ed.).
• (Janet ed.).
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