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Hakki zuwa lafiyayyen muhalli

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Hakki zuwa lafiyayyen muhalli
Hakkokin Yan-adam
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Hakkokin Yan-adam
Fuskar environmental rights (en) Fassara da environment (en) Fassara
Alaƙanta da Hakkin Dan'adam Na Ruwa Da Tsafta

Hakki ga yanayi mai lafiya ko haƙƙin yanayi mai ɗorewa da lafiya Hakkin ɗan adam ne da kungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin muhalli ke ba da shawara don kare tsarin muhalli waɗanda ke samar da lafiyar ɗan adam.[1][2][3] Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da haƙƙin a lokacin zamanta na 48 a watan Oktoba 2021 a HRC / RES / 48/13 kuma daga baya Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkinobho a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2022 a A / RES > 36 / 300. [4][5][6] Hakki sau da yawa shine tushen kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta masu kare muhalli, kamar masu kare ƙasa, Masu kare ruwa da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar.

Hakkin yana da alaƙa da sauran haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke mai da hankali ga kiwon lafiya, kamar haƙƙin ruwa da tsabta, haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin kiwon lafiya.[7] Hakkin yanayi mai lafiya yana amfani da tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam don kare ingancin muhalli; wannan tsarin yana magance tasirin cutar muhalli akan kowane ɗan adam, sabanin tsarin gargajiya na tsarin muhalli wanda ke mai da hankali kan tasirin wasu jihohi ko muhalli kanta.[8] Duk da haka wata hanyar kare muhalli ita ce haƙƙin yanayi wanda ke ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa haƙƙin da mutane da kamfanoni ke morewa ga yanayi.[9]

Kashewa da ƙonewa a kan Rio Xingu, Brazil tana barazana ga haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin da ya fi girma ga yanayi mai lafiya. Dokar shari'a kamar shari'ar Yanayi ta Colombia da ke kare gandun daji na Amazon daga sare daji a tarihi sun dogara da haƙƙin yanayi da yara, [10] haƙƙin yanayi mai lafiya zai samar da ƙarin kariya.

Matsayin jihar

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Hakkin yana haifar da wajibi ga jihar don tsarawa da aiwatar da Dokokin muhalli, sarrafa gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma in ba haka ba samar da adalci da kariya ga al'ummomin da matsalolin muhalli suka cutar.[8] Hakki ga yanayi mai lafiya ya kasance muhimmiyar dama don ƙirƙirar ka'idojin shari'ar muhalli don Shari'ar canjin yanayi da sauran batutuwan muhalli.[11][12]

Kokarin gyaran kundin tsarin mulki

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Page 'Environmental rights amendments' not found

Hanyoyin kasa da kasa

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  A tarihi, manyan kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kamar Universal Declaration on Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ko International Covenant in Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ba su amince da haƙƙin yanayi mai lafiya ba.[3] Sanarwar Stockholm ta 1972 ta amince da haƙƙin, amma ba takardar doka ba ce. Sanarwar Rio ta 1992 ba ta amfani da harshen haƙƙin ɗan adam ba, kodayake ta bayyana cewa mutane za su sami damar samun bayanai game da batutuwan muhalli, shiga cikin yanke shawara, da kuma samun damar yin adalci.[13] Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka gabatar a halin yanzu, Yarjejeniyar Duniya don Muhalli, idan an karɓa, zai zama kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam na farko na Majalisar Dinkinobho don haɗawa da haƙƙin yanayi mai lafiya.[14]

Ƙudurin Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

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A cikin 2021 a lokacin zamanta na 48, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙuduri (wanda babban rukuni wanda ya hada da Costa Rica, Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland da Maldives, tare da Costa Rica kasancewa mai riƙe da alkalami), ta amince da "Hakkin ɗan adam ga yanayi mai tsabta, lafiya da ɗorewa", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da jikin ya ayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam. [4][15] Ƙudurin ba doka ba ce, amma "ya gayyaci Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don yin la'akari da batun".[15]

Kudurin Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya

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InA cikin 2022 a lokacin zamansa na 76, Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da ƙuduri da wata kungiya ta gabatar da ciki har da Costa Rica, Morocco, Slovenia, Switzerland, da Maldives sake amincewa da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga yanayi mai tsabta, lafiya, da ɗorewa.[16] Kodayake ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba su da bin doka, Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkinobho na 'Yancin Dan Adam Michelle Bachelet, [17] masu ba da rahoto na musamman da yawa [18] da membobin wasu kungiyoyin farar hula t.[19],[20][6]s.[21][22]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "The Case for a Right to a Healthy Environment". Human Rights Watch (in Turanci). 2018-03-01. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  2. ↑ "The Time is Now for the UN to Formally Recognize the Right to a Healthy and Sustainable Environment". Center for International Environmental Law (in Turanci). 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Knox, John H. (2020-10-13). "Constructing the Human Right to a Healthy Environment". Annual Review of Law and Social Science (in Turanci). 16 (1): 79–95. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-031720-074856. ISSN 1550-3585. S2CID 216476059.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "OHCHR | Bachelet hails landmark recognition that having a healthy environment is a human right". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
  5. ↑ "Historic day for human rights and a healthy planet: UN expert". OHCHR (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "UN General Assembly declares access to clean and healthy environment a universal human right". UN News (in Turanci). 2022-07-28. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  7. ↑ "OHCHR | Good practices on the right to a healthy environment". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Boyle, Alan (2012-08-01). "Human Rights and the Environment: Where Next?". European Journal of International Law (in Turanci). 23 (3): 613–642. doi:10.1093/ejil/chs054. ISSN 0938-5428.
  9. ↑ Halpern, Gator. "Rights to Nature vs Rights of Nature" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  10. ↑ "In historic ruling, Colombian Court protects youth suing the national government for failing to curb deforestation". Dejusticia (in Turanci). 2018-04-05. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  11. ↑ Ramin Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ Varvastian, Sam (2019-04-10). "The Human Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment in Climate Change Litigation" (in Turanci). Rochester, NY. SSRN 3369481. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ↑ "UNEP - Principle 10 and the Bali Guideline". 26 April 2018.
  14. ↑ Knox, John (April 2019). "The Global Pact for the Environment: At the crossroads of human rights and the environment". RECIEL. (28) 1 (1): 40–47. Bibcode:2019RECIE..28...40K. doi:10.1111/reel.12287. S2CID 159049214.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Access to a healthy environment, declared a human right by UN rights council". UN News (in Turanci). 2021-10-08. Archived from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
  16. ↑ "General Assembly of the United Nations". www.un.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  17. ↑ "Bachelet calls for urgent action to realize human right to healthy environment following recognition by UN General Assembly". OHCHR (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  18. ↑ "UN General Assembly declares access to clean and healthy environment a universal human right". UN News (in Turanci). 2022-07-28. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  19. ↑ "General Assembly of the United Nations". www.un.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  20. ↑ "Bachelet calls for urgent action to realize human right to healthy environment following recognition by UN General Assembly". OHCHR (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  21. ↑ "Franciscans International: News". franciscansinternational.org. 28 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  22. ↑ "VICTORY: UNGA Recognizes Right to a Healthy Environment For All". Center for International Environmental Law (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
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