Harshen Kipsigis
| Harshen Kipsigis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
sgc |
| Glottolog |
kips1239[1] |
Kipsigis (ko Kipsikii, Kipsikiis) wani bangare ne na yaren Kalenjin na Kenya, Ana magana da shi galibi a yankunan Kericho da Bomet a Kenya. Mutanen Kipsigis sune mafi yawan kabilar Kalenjin a Kenya, suna da kashi 60% na duk masu magana da Kalenjin. Kipsigis yana da alaƙa da Nandi, Keiyo (Keyo, Elgeyo), Kudancin Tugen (Tuken), da Cherangany .
Yankin Kipsigis yana da iyaka zuwa kudu da kudu maso gabas da Maasai. A yamma, ana magana da Gusii (harshe na Bantu). A arewa maso gabas, ana samun wasu mutanen Kalenjin, galibi Nandi. Gabas daga Kipsigis, a cikin gandun daji na Mau, wasu kabilun da ke magana da harshen Okiek suna rayuwa.
Harshen Kipsigis yana da tsawon sautuna biyu. Lokacin da ake magana, wasali ɗaya yana da ɗan gajeren sauti na wannan wasali yayin da maimaitawa na wasali yana nuna sautin da ya fi tsayi na wannan wasalai. Ya sunayen da aka saba amfani da su a cikin yaren Kipsigis sun ƙare tare da ma'ana lo da sunan da aka saba da shi ya ƙare da wasali; zai zama ko dai a ko o. Sunaye masu dacewa kamar sunayen wurare da mutane na iya ƙare a kowane wasali.
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Labari | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanci | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| Dakatar da | p | t | (c) | k |
| Rashin lafiya | tʃ | |||
| Fricative | s | |||
| Rhotic | r | |||
| Hanyar gefen | l | |||
| Kusanci | j | w |
- /r/ ana iya jin sa a matsayin ko dai trill [r] ko kuma bututu [ɾ].
- /tʃ/ kuma ana iya gane shi azaman tsayawar baki [c].
- /k/ na iya samun muryar murya [ɡ], kazalika da zama mai ban sha'awa a matsayin muryar muryar muryoyi [ɣ].
Sautin sautin biyu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| +ATR | -ATR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A gaba | Komawa | A gaba | Komawa | |
| Kusa | i iː | u uː | Sunan da aka yi amfani da su | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi |
| Tsakanin | da kumaː | o oː | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi |
| Bude | a aː | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi | ||
Sautin sautin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin lokaci, furcin wasula biyu ba yana nufin maimaita wannan sautin wasula ba amma a maimakon haka tsawo na wannan sautin sautin. Wani bambanci ga wannan generalization ya nuna tare da ee biyu.
Yawancin lokaci, sautunan wasula masu tsawo suna bin sautunan sautunan Latin. An ba da wasu misalai a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa
| Sautin sautin | Kamar yadda Kipsigis | Kamar yadda yake a Turanci |
|---|---|---|
| aa | Kaap | mama, alama, gefe, kaifi |
| na biyu | Asiis | yanki, zaman lafiya, daskarewa, shinge |
| oo | igoondiit
roopta |
ya tafi
Tufafi |
| uu | piyuut | tushe, takalmin |
Sautin ee biyu na iya bambanta a cikin furcin. Misali:
| Kamar yadda yake a Kipsigis | Kamar yadda yake a Turanci |
|---|---|
| akweet 'gadi' | rigar |
| beek 'ruwa' | Gurasar |
| meet da 'mutuwa' | ga wannan kalma, akwai sauti biyu, kamar yadda yake a cikin lay-etteshimfiɗa |
Bayyana 'ng' da ng
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]'ng' yana da sauti na ng a ƙarshen kalmar Ingilishi raira waƙa.
'g">n, ba tare da apostrophe ba, ana furta shi azaman sassan biyu daban-daban: n da g - kamar yadda yake a cikin kalmar Turanci Fushin.
Aap
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar Kipsigis -aap wani bangare ne na harshen Kipsigis tare da matsayi da amfani da shi a matsayin haɗin Ingilishi. -aap, yawanci ana amfani dashi azaman cervix na kalma tare da hyphen yana nuna batun da ke da alaƙa.
-aap. -aap
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kipsigis". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Dubi Harsunan Kalenjin da Harsunan Nandi-Markweta don bayyana sunan Nandi / Kalenjin.