Yaren Gusii
| Yaren Gusii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
guz |
| Glottolog |
gusi1247[1] |
Harshen Gusii (wanda aka fi sani da Ekegusii) yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a yankunan Kisii da Nyamira a Nyanza Kenya, wanda hedkwatar ta ke Kisii Town, (tsakanin Kavirondo Gulf na Tafkin Victoria da iyakar da Tanzania). Mutane miliyan 2.2 ne ke magana da shi (kamar yadda ya faru a shekara ta 2009), galibi daga cikin Abagusii. Ekegusii yana da yare guda biyu kawai: yarukan Rogoro da Maate. A fannin sauti, sun bambanta a cikin magana da /t/ . Yawancin bambance-bambance da ke tsakanin yarukan biyu suna da ƙamus. Harsunan biyu na iya komawa ga abu ɗaya ko abu ta amfani da kalmomi daban-daban. Misali na wannan shine kalmar cat. Yayinda wani yaren ya kira cat ekemoni, ɗayan ya kira shi ekebusi. Ana iya samun wani misali mai kyau a cikin kalmar takalma. Duk da yake kalmar Rogoro don takalma ita ce Kidiripasi, kalmar yaren Maate ita ce chitaratara . Yawancin bambance-bambance na ƙamus suna bayyana a cikin harshe. Ana magana da yaren Maate a Tabaka da Bogirango . Yawancin sauran yankuna suna amfani da yaren Rogoro, wanda kuma shine yaren Ekegusii.
Sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gusii yana da wasula bakwai. Tsawon wasula ya bambanta, watau kalmomin 'bór' don rasa da 'bóór' don faɗi an rarrabe su da tsawon wasula kawai.
| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | |
| Tsakanin Tsakiya | da kuma | o | |
| Bude-tsakiya | ɛ | Owu | |
| Bude | a |
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin tebur da ke ƙasa, an haɗa alamomin orthographic tsakanin ƙuƙwalwa idan sun bambanta da alamomin IPA. Lura musamman amfani /j/ 'y' don IPA / j/, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin rubutun Afirka. Lokacin da alamomi suka bayyana a nau'i-nau'i, wanda ke dama yana wakiltar murya mai sauti.
| bakinsa | alveolar | baki | mai tsaro | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plosive | t | k | ||
| Afríku | tʃ | |||
| fricative | β | s | ɣ | |
| hanci | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| murfin | ɾ | |||
| Kimanin | w | j |
| bakinsa | alveolar | baki | mai tsaro | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plosive | p | t d | K ɡ | |
| Afríku | tʃ | |||
| fricative | β | s | ɣ | |
| hanci | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| murfin | ɾ | |||
| Kimanin | w | j |
Wadannan Sauye-sauyen morphophonological suna faruwa:
- n+r = [nd]
- n+b = [mb]
- n+g = [ŋɡ]
- n+k = [ŋk]
- n+c = [ntʃ]
- n+s = [ns]
- n+m = [mː]
Harshen Gusii yana da ma'anar 'b' wanda ba a fahimta ba a matsayin tsayawar bilabial kamar yadda yake a cikin 'bat' amma a matsayin fricative bilabial Kamar yadda yake a kalmomi kamar baba, baminto, abana.
Harshen Ekegusii Harshen[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Harshen Ekegusii (Kenya) [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Harshen Ekegusii | A | B | C | D | E | Ni | G | H | Na | K | M | N | O | Ö | R | S | T | U | W | Y | ei | watau | Ni | Ya kasance | - | - | - | - | - |
| Wakilin Ekegusii | Mb | Bwakin | mbw | Ch | Nch | Chw | Nchw | Nd | Ndw | Ng | Gw | Ngw | Ng' | Ng'w | Babu | Nyw | Nk | Kw | Nkw | Mw | Nw | Rw | Ns | Sw | Nsw | Nt | Tw | Ntw | Yw |
Kwalejin Ekegusii Noun[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Samfurori 1[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Kwalejin Ekegusii | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ɗalibin | Mai banbanci | Haske | Yawancin mutane | Haske | |
| 1 | omo-aba | omonto | mutum / mutum | ya kasance | mutane / mutane |
| 2 | Kai ne | omotwe | kai | a cikin tufafi | kai |
| 3 | e-ch | Eng'ombe | saniya | Chiombe | shanu |
| 4 | Aege-ebi | egekombe | kofin | ebikombe | kofuna |
| 5 | ri-ama | ritunda | 'Ya'yan itace | amatunda | 'ya'yan itace |
| 6 | o-o | Bincike | tsoro | Bincike | tsoro |
| 7 | e-e | ekegusii | ekegusii | ----------- | ----------- |
| 8 | Ama-ama | Amabere | madara | Amabere | madara |
| 9 | omo-i-seke
Omishe |
yarinya | aba-i-seke | 'yan mata | |
| 10 | -------------- | ------------ | |||
Tsarin Lissafi na Ekegusii[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Misali 2[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Tsarin Lissafi na Ekegusii | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adadin | Karatu | Ma'anar | Adadin | Karatu | Ma'anar |
| 1 | eyemo | 1 | 11 | ikomi nemo | 10+1 |
| 2 | ibere | 2 | 12 | ikomi na ibere | 10+2 |
| 3 | isato | 3 | 13 | ikomi na isato | 10+3 |
| 4 | Inje | 4 | 14 | ikomi nainye | 10+4 |
| 5 | Kashi biyar | 5 | 15 | ikomi na biyar | 10+5 |
| 6 | Ba da biyar | 5+1 | 16 | ikomi a cikin biyar nemo | 10+5+1 |
| 7 | a cikin biyar ibere | 5+2 | 17 | ikomi na isano na ibere | 10+5+2 |
| 8 | na biyar isato | 5+3 | 18 | ikomi na isano na isato | 10+5+3 |
| 9 | kianda | 9 | 19 | ikomi na kianda | 10+9 |
| 10 | ikomi | 10 | 20 | Emerongo ta yi godiya | 20 |
Misalai na samfurori[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Turanci | Ekegusii |
|---|---|
| Safiya Mai Kyau | Bwakire buya |
| Daɗi mai kyau | Obotuko obuya |
| Shugaban | omotwe |
| Kunnuwa | ogoto |
| Ruwa | amache |
| maraice | Magoroba |
| kakan | sokoro |
| don sanin | komanya |
| zuwa madara | gokama |
| jaki | yaƙi |
| Duniya | ense ense |
| Gida | Mai amfani |
| Ƙasar | inka |
| A yau | Maimaitawa |
| Rana | Rashin dariya |
| Karnuka | shi ne |
| Tsaya | -tenena |
| Sanin | -manya |
| Duba | -rora |
| Upside / Arewa / Hillside | rogoro |
| Tafkin / Tekun | enyancha |
| Hamada | eroro |
| Mai gwagwarmaya | omorwani |
| Ku juya sama | -garagara |
| Madara | Amabere |
| Ita 'yar akuya | esibeni |
| Ta'addanci | esike |
| Uwargidan | omosubati |
| Girbi | A cikinsa |
| Kiran | Ruwa |
| Tafiya | Tara |
Bayanan littattafai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bickmore, Lee
- 1997. Matsalolin da ke tattare da hana sautin da ya bazu a Ekegusii. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 102, shafuffuka na 265-290.
- 1998. Metathesis da Dokar Dahl a cikin Ekegusii . Nazarin a cikin Kimiyya ta Harshe, Vol. 28:2, shafuffuka na 149-168.
- 1999. Babban Tone Yaduwa a cikin Ekegusii Revisited: Asusun Ka'idar Kyakkyawan . [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 109, shafi na 109-153.
Cammenga da Jelle
- 2002 Phonology da morphology na Ekegusii: harshen Bantu na Kenya. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Mista, Abel Y.
- 2008. Kisimbiti: Msamiati wa Kisimbiti-Ki Anglo-Kiswahili na Ki Anglo-Kisimbiti-Kiswahile / Simbiti-English-Swahili da Ingilishi-Simbiti-Swahile Lexicon. Harsunan Tanzania Project, LOT Littattafai Lexicon Series 7, 106 pp., .
[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9][gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- 2011. Sauti a cikin Ekegusii: Bayani na Nominal da Verbal Tonology . Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara .
Nyauncho, Osinde K.[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- 1988. Ekegusii morphophonology: bincike kan manyan matakai na consonantal. Jami'ar Nairobi.
[Hasiya]
- 1956 Gabatarwa mai amfani ga Gusii. Dar es Salaam/Nairobi/Kampala: Ofishin Littattafan Gabashin Afirka. Ana samunsa a nan
- 1960 Tsarin lokaci na Gusii. Kampala: Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Gabashin Afirka.
- 1974 Harshe a Kenya. Nairobi: Jami'ar Oxford Press.
Dubi kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Gusii". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Rhonda L. Hartell, ed. 1993. The Alphabets of Africa. Dakar: UNESCO and Summer Institute of Linguistics
Haɗin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Gusii.com Blog na Harshe na Gusii
- Ekegusii Encyclopedic Project & online Encyclopedia/DictionaryEncyclopedia / Dictionary na kan layi
- Ƙarfin Amurka ya taimaka wa ƙoƙarin wannan mutumin Kenya don tabbatar da makomar yarensa - rahoton Patrick Cox na Rediyon Jama'a na Duniya (Janairu 26, 207)
Sauraro[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Labarin Rediyon Jama'a na Kasa game da harshen Kisii (daga shirin All Things Considered, Afrilu 29, 2006)