Harshen Kujargé
Ana jin yaren Kujargé a ƙauyuka bakwai a gabashin Chadi kusa d
| Kujargé | |
|---|---|
| Asali a | Chad[1] |
| Yanki | Jebel Mirra |
| Ƙabila | Kujarke |
'Yan asalin magana | (1,000 cited 1983)e27 |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
vkj |
| Glottolog |
kuja1239[2] |
a Jebel Mirra (
Sunan Kujargé (kuma an rubuta Kujarke ) ya samo asali ne daga kalmar larabci ta Sudan كجور</link> ( kujur, "mai sihiri"), saboda sunan Kujarke na yin sihiri a tsakanin mutanen Sinyar . [3]
An bayar da rahoton cewa masu jawabai suna rayuwa ne ta hanyar farauta da taruwa saboda yanayi, yanayi, da rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayi na yankin Dar Fongoro, kasancewar ba ya da kyau ga aikin noma da kiwo. Zuma na daya daga cikin manyan abincin da ake samu ta hanyar kiwo. [4]
Kujarge suna kiran kansu da Kujartenin Debiya . An kewaye su da Daju-Galfige daga yamma, Sinyar a arewa, da Fur-Dalinga, Fongoro, Formono, da Runga a gabas da kudu. A tarihi, sarakunan Daju ne suka yi mulkinsu, kuma watakila bayi ne na Daju. [5]
ila yau, Lebeuf (1959) ya ruwaito cewa Daju Nyala na nufin Birgid na Darfur a matsayin Kajargé . [6]
Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kujarge ba a tantance shi ba. An san shi kawai daga jerin kalmomi 200 na Doornbos (1981). [7] Waɗannan sun haɗa da kalmomin Chadic, amma ƙananan lambobi da karin magana suna kama da marasa-Chadic. [8] Blench (2008) ya lura cewa yawancin ƙamus na yau da kullun suna kallon Cushitic, kuma yayi hasashen cewa Kujarge na iya zama madaidaicin harshe mai ra'ayin mazan jiya tsakanin Chadic da Cushitic. [9]
An rarraba harshen a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Mubi na Chadic ta Paul Newman ; duk da haka, Lionel Bender ya bayar da hujjar cewa rabe-rabensa bai tabbata ba. Wataƙila an yi cuɗanya da Birgit, yaren Mubi na kusa wanda kuma ake kira Kujarge; Lokacin da aka nuna Newman jerin kalmomi 200 a cikin 2006, ba zai yi niyyar zama Chadic ba. [8]
Bugu da ƙari, akwai alama akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙamus wanda ba a gano shi azaman Afro-Asiatic ba; akwai yuwuwar ya zama keɓewar harshe wanda Chadic da Cushitic suka sake sabunta shi.
Blažek (2013) yayi ikirarin nuna cewa Kujarge yaren Chadic ne na Gabas .
Takardu da matsayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin 1981, masanin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Holland Paul Doornbos ya shafe sa'o'i 4-5 yana fitar da jerin ƙamus na Kujarke daga uba da ɗa (Arbab Yahia Basi, haifaffen Ndundra, wanda yake ɗan shekara 35 a 1981) a Ro Fatá, kusa da Foro Boranga, Darfur. . Kalmomi 100 na farko sun fito ne daga bakin mahaifin mai ba da labarin, wanda kusan kurma ne, kuma ba ya da karancin ilimin Larabci, sai kuma kalmomi 100 na biyu daga babban mai ba da labari, wanda watakila ya hada Kujarke da Daju da Fur. An kuma yi wani ɓangare na hirar a cikin Fur tare da taimakon mataimakin bincike na Doornbos' Fur. Su biyun sun yi rashin jituwa a kan abubuwan da Kujarke ke yi, wanda hakan ya sa Doornbos ya yi shakkar sahihancin jerin sunayen. Doornbos ya kuma yi hasashen cewa a cikin 1981, Kujarke ya riga ya zama yaren da ke mutuwa da masu magana kaɗan, kodayake yawansu ya wuce 1,000 a 1981. [7] [4]
Uba da dansa ma sun yi sabani game da asalin mutanen Kujarke. A cewar ɗan, asalin Kujarke ya kasance a cikin tsaunukan da ke gabas da Wadi Azum, wato Jebel Kulli, Jebel Toya, Jebel Kunjaro, Jebel Turabu, Jebel Oromba, da Jebel Kire. Daga baya an tilasta musu yin hijira zuwa kasar Chadi a zamanin sarakunan Furo. Duk da haka, mahaifin ya yi iƙirarin cewa asalin ƙasar Kujarke ya kasance a Chadi kawai. [7]
Sakamakon yakin Darfur, yawancin Kujarke na iya zama yanzu a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a yankunan Goz Beida da Dar Sila na gabashin Chadi. Sai dai duk da haka, babu wata gwamnati ko kungiyar agaji ta kasashen waje da ta rubuta Kujarke a matsayin wata kungiya ta daban. A sakamakon haka, Kujarke yana iya wucewa a matsayin Daju ko Fur . A karo na farko da aka ambaci Kujarke cikin fiye da shekaru 25 shi ne lokacin da wani masanin tarihin ɗan adam ɗan Faransa Jerome Tubiana ya yi hira da wani basaraken ƙauyen Daju a Tiero. Basaraken Tiero ya bayyana cewa Janjaweed sun kona wani kauyen Kujarke kurmus a shekarar 2007 a lokacin wani gangamin kawar da kabilanci a kan al'ummar Daju . Ba a kuma san halin da mutanen Kujarke ke ciki ba. [4]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namede27 - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kujarge". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Doornbos, Paul; Paul Whitehouse (ed). 2005. Kujarge field notes. (Unpublished 1981 field notes of Paul Doornbos transcribed by Paul Whitehouse in 2005)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Doornbos, Paul; Paul Whitehouse (ed). 2005. Kujarge field notes. (Unpublished 1981 field notes of Paul Doornbos transcribed by Paul Whitehouse in 2005)
- ↑ Doornbos, Paul; Paul Whitehouse (ed). 2005. Kujarge field notes. (Unpublished 1981 field notes of Paul Doornbos transcribed by Paul Whitehouse in 2005)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Doornbos, Paul; Paul Whitehouse (ed). 2005. Kujarge field notes. (Unpublished 1981 field notes of Paul Doornbos transcribed by Paul Whitehouse in 2005)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Harald Hammarström, 2010, 'The status of the least documented language families in the world'. In Language Documentation & Conservation, v 4, p 183
- ↑ Roger Blench, 2008. 'Links between Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge'. (ms)