Harshen Moloko

Ana magana da Moloko a arewacin Kamaru; Kamaru an nuna shi a wannan taswirar.

Moloko (Məlokwo) yare ne na Afro-Asiatic da ake magana a arewacin Kamaru .

Baka mai haɗari sosai ko dai yare ne ko kuma harshe mai alaƙa da shi. (masu magana 8,500) a al'adance suna zaune a cikin Moloko massif, wani inselberg da aka ware a cikin fili, gabashin Dutsen Mandara, tsakanin Kogin Mayo-Mangafé da Kogin Mayo -Ranéo. Sun zaune a ƙauyen Mokyo da yankunan da ke kewaye da Makalingay canton, Tokombéré arrondissement, Mayo-Sava department.

Dangane da tarihin baki na gida, al'ummomin Moloko sun ƙunshi kabilun daban-daban guda uku, maimakon guda ɗaya. lokacin mamayewar Fulani na karni na 19, waɗannan kungiyoyin sun nemi mafaka kusa da dutsen Moloko, inda za su zo suyi magana da wannan harshe.

Amfani da harshen Moloko, hulɗar harshe, da kuma harsuna da yawa

Ƙananan masu magana da Moloko suna magana da yare ɗaya kawai. Yawancin za su yi magana da wasu harsuna uku zuwa biyar. Wadanda ke da shekaru da yawa na ilimi suma suna magana da Faransanci. Maza galibi suna auren mata daga kungiyoyin harsuna makwabta, don haka iyalai na iya zama harsuna da yawa, amma yaren da ake magana a gida sau da yawa shine harshen uba. Abokai galibi suna canza harsuna yayin magana, watakila lokacin da suke magana a wurare daban-daban, amma kuma kawai don haɗin kai. Ana iya gudanar da ma'amala a kasuwa a cikin harshen kasuwanci, amma mutane sun fi son yin ciniki a cikin harshen mai siyarwa idan ya yiwu. Halin harshe a Moloko yana cikin haɗari ne kawai a cikin al'ummomin da Moloko ba shine mafi yawan harshe ba, musamman a biranen kamar Maroua ko Yaoundé. A cikin birane, yara suna girma a cikin al'ummomi inda akwai harsuna daban-daban, don haka suna magana da Fulfulde. A cikin waɗannan wurare, akwai haɗarin cewa Moloko zai ɓace a cikin ƙarni na gaba. ba haka ba, inda mutanen Melokwo suka taru, amfani da harshen Moloko yana da ƙarfi a kowane rukuni na shekaru da kuma kowane yanki na rayuwar iyali.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin sautin

Akwai wata wasula guda ɗaya a cikin Moloko, /a/, tare da abubuwan da suka faru guda huɗu. Ana buƙatar sakawa, ko epenthesis, na schwa, /ə/, don raba tarin ƙwayoyin da ba su da wasali. Wannan sautin epenthetic yana asusun ƙarin abubuwa shida masu yuwuwa.

Matsayin epenthetic, game da ko ya kamata a yi la'akari da wasula nasa, ana kalubalantar shi. Wasu bincike suna 'akari da epenthetic a matsayin wasula ta musamman, don haka ya sa Moloko tsarin wasula biyu.

Samun sauti na duka biyun na iya bambanta dangane da dalilai da yawa: zagaye, Labialization (zagaye), palatalization, ko kusanci da wasu consonants. Kowane phoneme ma'anar allophones an jera su a ƙasa.

• /a/
  • [a] (Babu bambanci)
  • [ɔ] (Zagaye)
  • [ɛ] (An yi amfani da shi)
  • [a] (Lokacin da ke kusa da [j])
  • [a] (Lokacin da ke kusa da [w])
  • [œ] (Lokacin da ke kusa da wani nau'i na Labialized velar ko /j/)

• /ə/
  • [ə] (Babu bambanci)
  • [ʊ] (Zagaye)
  • [ɪ] (An yi amfani da shi)
  • [i] (Lokacin da ke kusa da [j])
  • [u] (Lokacin da ke kusa da [w])
  • [ø] (Lokacin da ke kusa da wani nau'i na Labialized velar ko /j/)

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Duk da cewa kawai suna da sautin wasali guda ɗaya, akwai ƙwayoyi 32 a cikin Moloko

Moloko phonemes

		Labari	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar / GlottalGishiri
			fili	sib.		fili	Lab.
Hanci		m	n			(ŋ)
Plosive / Africate Rashin lafiya	ba tare da murya ba	p	t	ts	(tʃ)	k	kw
	murya	b	d	dz	(dʒ)	g	gw
	Dorsal.	mb	nd	nz	(nʒ)	Gãnuwa	ŋgw
	fashewa	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba	f	ɬ	s	(ʃ)
	murya	v	Sanya	z	ʒ (Ka duba hoton da ke shafin nan.)	h	hw
Kusanci			l		j		w
Flap		Sanya	ɾ