Harsunan Boro-Garo

Boro–Garo
Geographic distribution	Northeast India, Bangladesh
Linguistic classification	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Central Tibeto-Burman languages (?) Sal Boro–Garo; ; ; ;
Subdivisions	Boro; Garo; Koch; Deori; Dimasa; Kokborok; Tiwa;
Glottolog	bodo1279

Harsunan Boro–Garo reshe ne na harsunan Sino-Tibet, ana magana da su a arewa maso gabashin Indiya da sassan Bangladesh .

Harsunan Boro–Garo sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu: Boro, Garo, Koch da Deori. Harsunan Boro-Garo a tarihi sun yadu sosai a ko'ina cikin kwarin Brahmaputra da kuma a cikin yankunan arewacin Bangladesh, ^[3] kuma ana hasashen cewa yaren proto-Boro-Garo shine yare na kwarin Brahmaputra kafin a maye gurbinsa. ta harshen Assamese, wanda ya ba da babbar gudunmawa.

rassan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Template:CSS image cropAn gano harsunan Boro-Garo a cikin Binciken Harshen Grierson na Indiya, kuma an ba da sunayen harsunan da makamancinsu na zamani a ƙasa a cikin tebur.

Suna a cikin LSI	Sunayen zamani
Bodo	Boro
Lalung	Tiwa
Dimasa	Dimasa
Garo	Garo
Koch	Koch
Rabha	Rabha
Tripuri	Kokborok
Chutiya	Deori
Moran	Moran (tun da bacewar)

Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Harsunan Boro-Garo an ƙara raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu ta Burling.

Harsunan Koch : Atong, Koch, Ruga, Rabha
Harsunan Garo : Garo, Megam
Bodo Languages : Bodo, Dimasa, Barman, Tiwa, Kokborok (Tripuri), Kachari, Moran
Harshen Deori

Tsohon Hajong na iya zama yaren Bodo-Garo.

Barman shine yaren Bodo-Garo da aka gano kwanan nan. ^[4]

Boro harshe ne na hukuma na jihar Assam . Kokborok (Tripuri) ɗaya ne daga cikin yarukan hukuma na jihar Tripura . Garo babban yaren hukuma ne na Meghalaya . Harsunan Khasic sun yi tasiri sosai ga Megam, yayin da Deori-Chutia ta harshen Idu Mishmi .

Harsunan dangi suna da tsari na kalma -fi'ili-na ƙarshe . Akwai wasu sassauƙa a cikin tsari na gardama, amma ana nuna banbancin zarge-zarge tare da clitics na baya-bayan nan. Harsunan kuma suna ƙaddamar da ƙira zuwa ƙididdiga masu gyara sunaye. tashin hankali, al'amari da yanayi ana nuna su ta hanyar amfani da suffixes . ^[5]

Asalin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Haɗin harsunan Boro–Garo da harsunan Konyak da Jingphaw sun nuna cewa proto-Boro-Garo ya shiga Assam daga wani wuri zuwa arewa maso gabas. An ba da shawarar cewa yaren proto -Boro-Garo ya kasance yare ne na al'ummomin harsuna daban-daban, ba duka waɗanda suke jin yaren asali ba ne, kuma ya fara ne a matsayin harshe na ɗan adam . Wannan zai yi la'akari da raguwar ilimin halittar jiki na Boro-Garo, tare da abin da ilimin halittar jiki ke kasancewa galibi kasancewa na yau da kullun, sako-sako da ɗaure, kuma tare da bayyananniyar ilimin ƙa'idar halitta, alamu na yau da kullun na asalin kwanan nan. ^[6]

Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Joseph & Burling (2006)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bishiyar Iyali ta Harshen Boro-Garo (Burling, 2012). Deuri, a baya da ake kira "Chutia" kuskure, shine rabuwa ta farko kuma shine mafi nisa daga sauran harsuna a cikin wannan rukuni. Asalin harshen Boro-Garo na mutanen Chutia, waɗanda ke magana da Assamese a halin yanzu, ba a sani ba. Moran, harshe na *ƙungiyar Boro*, an rubuta shi na ƙarshe a farkon karni na 20 kuma ba a tabbatar da shi ba. *Kungiyar Rabha* kuma ana kiranta *kungiyar Koch* . Don haka, akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi huɗu a cikin wannan rarrabuwar harsunan Boro-Garo: Deori, Boro, Garo da Rabha/Koch.

Joseph & Burling (2006:1-2) sun rarraba harsunan Boro–Garo zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi huɗu. Itace (2008:6) ita ma tana bin wannan rarrabuwa.

Deori
Harsunan Boro : Boro, Kokborok, Tiwa
Garo
Harsunan Koch : Koch, Rabha, Wanang, Atong, da Ruga

Jacquesson (2006)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jacquesson (2017:112) ^[3] ya rarraba harsunan Boro-Garo kamar haka, kuma ya gane manyan rassa uku (Yamma, Tsakiya, da Gabas). Harsunan Koch da Garo an haɗa su a matsayin Western Boro-Garo.

Yamma
- Garo ,
- Rabba, Koh
Tsakiya
- Boro, Mech
- Bru
- Dimasa, Moran
- Kokborok
Gabas
- Deori

Jacquesson (2017) ^[3] ya yi imanin cewa harsunan Boro–Garo sun isa wurin da suke a yanzu daga kudu maso gabas, kuma ya lura da kamanceceniya da aka raba tare da harsunan Zeme da harsunan Kuki-Chin .

Sake ginawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Joseph and Burling (2006) da Wood (2008) sun sake gina Proto-Boro-Garo .

↑ Also known as Boro-Konyak-Jingpho or Brahmaputran.
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bodo-Garo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Jacquesson, François and van Breugel, Seino (2017). "The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 40, 90-122.doi:10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van [Note: English translation of the French original: Jacquesson, François (2006). ‘La reconstruction linguistique du passé: Le cas des language Boro-Garo’. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 101(1): 273–303.] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jacquesson2017" defined multiple times with different content
↑ A brief linguistic sketch of the Barman Thar (Language). Tezpur University.
↑ Wood 2008.
↑ Empty citation (help)

[1] Also known as Boro-Konyak-Jingpho or Brahmaputran.

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bodo-Garo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Jacquesson2017-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Jacquesson, François and van Breugel, Seino (2017). "The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 40, 90-122.doi:10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van [Note: English translation of the French original: Jacquesson, François (2006). ‘La reconstruction linguistique du passé: Le cas des language Boro-Garo’. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 101(1): 273–303.] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jacquesson2017" defined multiple times with different content

[:2-4] A brief linguistic sketch of the Barman Thar (Language). Tezpur University.

[FOOTNOTEWood2008-5] Wood 2008.

[6] Empty citation (help)

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