Infrared taga

Over the Atlas Mountains, interferometrically recorded spectra of outgoing longwave radiation show emission that has arisen from the land surface at a temperature of about 320 K and passed through the atmospheric window, and non-window emission that has arisen mainly from the troposphere at temperatures about 260 K.

A matsayin babban ɓangaren bakan 'taga', ana iya ganin fili tagar watsa siffa ta lantarki tsakanin 8 zuwa 14 μm. Wani ɓaɓɓeke na bakan 'taga' (wanda zai iya faɗi wani ɓangaren 'taga') kuma ana iya gani a bayyane zuwa tsakiyar tsawon infrared tsakanin 0.2 da 5.5 μm.

Tagar yanayi na infrared yana nufin yanki na Bakan Infrared inda babu ɗan ɗan shanyewar iskar zafi ta ƙasa ta iskar gas. Tagar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tasirin yanayi na yanayin ta hanyar kiyaye daidaito tsakanin hasken rana mai shigowa da IR mai fita zuwa sararin samaniya. A cikin yanayin duniya wannan taga yana kusa da yanki tsakanin 8 zuwa 14 μm ko da yake ana iya ragewa ko rufe shi a wasu lokuta da wuraren zafi mai zafi saboda tsananin sha a ci gaba da tururin ruwa ko kuma saboda toshewa da gajimare.

Yana rufe babban ɓangaren bakan daga iskar zafin da ke farawa da kusan 5 μm . Ainihin babban gibi ne a cikin nau'in shayarwar tururin ruwa. Carbon dioxide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen saita iyaka a ƙarshen dogon zango. Ozone wani bangare yana toshe watsawa a tsakiyar taga.

Tagar yanayi na infrared yana nufin yanki na Bakan Infrared inda babu ɗan ɗan shanyewar iskar zafi ta ƙasa ta iskar gas. Tagar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tasirin yanayi na yanayi ta hanyar kiyaye daidaito tsakanin hasken rana mai shigowa da IR mai fita zuwa sararin samaniya. A cikin yanayin duniya wannan taga yana kusa da yanki tsakanin 8 zuwa 14 μm ko da yake ana iya ragewa ko rufe shi a wasu lokuta da wuraren zafi mai zafi saboda tsananin sha a ci gaba da tururin ruwa ko kuma saboda toshewa da gajimare. Yana rufe babban ɓangaren bakan daga iskar zafin da ke farawa da kusan 5 μm . Ainihin babban gibi ne a cikin nau'in shayarwar tururin ruwa. Carbon dioxide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen saita iyaka a ƙarshen dogon zango. Ozone wani bangare yana toshe watsawa a tsakiyar taga. tagar infrared na yanayi a cikin ma'aunin makamashi na yanayi an gano shi ta hanyar George Simpson a cikin 1928, bisa ga nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje na G. Hettner na 1918 na ratar da ke cikin nau'in shayarwar ruwa. A wancan zamani, babu kwamfutoci, kuma Simpson ya lura cewa ya yi amfani da kimanin; ya rubuta game da bukatar hakan domin a lissafta hasken IR mai fita: "Babu bege na samun ainihin mafita; amma ta hanyar yin zato masu sauƙaƙawa masu dacewa . . . " A zamanin yau, ana iya yin ƙididdige ƙididdiga na layi-da-layi daidai, kuma an buga nazari mai zurfi na spectroscopy na iskar gas mai infrared.

Mechanisms a cikin infrared na yanayi taga

Babban iskar gas na yanayi na yanayi don mahimmancin su shine tururin ruwa H</br> H O, carbon dioxide CO</br> CO, ozone O</br> O, methane CH</br> CH da nitrous oxide N</br> N O. Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin waɗannan, N</br> N O, kusan 400 pbV ne.  Sauran iskar gas waɗanda ke taimakawa ga tasirin greenhouse suna kasancewa a matakan pptV. Waɗannan sun haɗa da chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) da hydrofluororcarbons (HFC da HCFCs). Kamar yadda aka tattauna a ƙasa, babban dalilin da ya sa suke da tasiri sosai kamar yadda iskar gas ke haifar da su shine cewa suna da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka fada cikin taga infrared na yanayi. IR absorption ta CO</br> CO a 14.7 μm yana saita iyakacin tsayin tsayin infrared na yanayi tare da sha ta hanyar juyawa na H</br> H O a tsawon magudanar ruwa. Matsakaicin iyakar tsayin taga na yanayi na IR an saita shi ta hanyar sha a mafi ƙarancin mitar girgizar ruwa na tururin ruwa. Akwai babban band na ozone a 9.6 μm a tsakiyar taga wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake aiki a matsayin irin wannan iskar gas mai ƙarfi. Turin ruwa yana da ci gaba da sha saboda cin karo da faɗaɗa layukan sha waɗanda ke wucewa ta taga. Babban zafi na gida yana iya toshe tagar infrared gaba ɗaya.

Over the Atlas Mountains, interferometrically recorded spectra of outgoing longwave radiation show emission that has arisen from the land surface at a temperature of about 320 K and passed through the atmospheric window, and non-window emission that has arisen mainly from the troposphere at temperatures about 260 K.

Sama da Cote d'Ivoire, an yi rikodin nau'ikan radiyo na tsaka-tsakin radiyo mai fita yana nuna hayaƙin da ya taso daga saman gajimare a zafin jiki na kusan 265 K kuma ya wuce ta tagar sararin samaniya, da hayaƙin da ba ta taga wanda ya taso musamman daga troposphere a yanayin zafi game da 240 K. Wannan yana nufin cewa, a cikin ƙarancin shayar da ci gaba na raƙuman raƙuman ruwa (8 zuwa 14) μm), radiation da ke fitowa, ta fuskar duniya zuwa wani busasshiyar yanayi, da kuma saman gajimare, galibi suna wucewa ba tare da an shayar da su ba, kuma suna fitowa kai tsaye zuwa sararin samaniya; Hakanan ana watsa sashin taga a cikin layin infrared mai nisa tsakanin kusan 16 da 28 μm. Gajimare suna fitar da infrared radiation mai kyau. Radiyon taga daga saman gajimare yana tasowa ne a wuraren da yanayin iska ya yi ƙasa, amma kamar yadda aka gani daga waɗannan tsaunukan, tururin ruwan da ke sama ya yi ƙasa da na iska a saman teku. Haka kuma, ruwa tururin ci gaba da sha, kwayoyin don kwayoyin halitta, yana raguwa tare da raguwar matsa lamba. Don haka tururin ruwa a sama da gajimare, baya ga kasancewarsa ba ta da hankali, kuma ba shi da sha'awa fiye da tururin ruwa a ƙasan sama. Sakamakon haka, taga mai tasiri kamar yadda aka gani daga saman saman gajimare ya fi buɗewa, tare da sakamakon cewa saman gajimare suna da ƙarfi tushen hasken taga; wato, a zahiri girgije yana toshe taga kawai zuwa ƙaramin digiri (duba wani ra'ayi game da wannan, wanda Ahrens (2009) ya gabatar a shafi na 43 ).

Muhimmancin rayuwa

Idan ba tare da taga infrared na yanayi ba, duniya za ta yi zafi sosai don tallafawa rayuwa, kuma mai yiyuwa ne mai dumi ta yadda za ta rasa ruwanta, kamar yadda Venus ta yi a farkon tarihin Solar System . Don haka, kasancewar taga yanayin yanayi yana da mahimmanci ga ƙasan duniya ta kasance ta zama duniya .

A matsayin dabarun gudanarwa da aka tsara don ɗumamar yanayi, filaye masu sanyaya hasken rana (PDRC) suna amfani da tagar infrared don mayar da zafi zuwa sararin samaniya tare da manufar juyar da hauhawar yanayin zafi da canjin yanayi ya haifar.

Barazana

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, wanzuwar taga infrared na yanayi ya zama barazana ta hanyar haɓakar iskar gas da ba ta da ƙarfi da ke ɗauke da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fluorine da carbon, sulfur ko nitrogen . Masanin kimiyyar yanayi na Indiya-Ba-Amurke Veerabhadran Ramanathan ne ya fara gano tasirin waɗannan mahadi a cikin 1975, shekara ɗaya bayan takardan bikin Roland da Molina akan ikon chlorofluorocarbons don lalata sararin samaniyar ozone .

"Mitsin mitsi" na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin fluorine da sauran abubuwan da ba su da haske sun kasance irin wannan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin taga yanayin yanayi koyaushe zai kasance halayen mahadi masu ɗauke da irin waɗannan shaidu, ko da yake fluorides na nonmetals ban da carbon, nitrogen ko sulfur ba su da ɗan gajeren lokaci. saboda hydrolysis . An ƙarfafa wannan sha saboda waɗannan shaidu suna da iyakacin iyaka saboda matsanancin electronegativity na zarra na fluorine. Haɗin kai zuwa sauran halogens suma suna shiga cikin taga yanayi, kodayake ƙasa da ƙarfi.

Bugu da ƙari, yanayin rashin aiki na irin waɗannan mahadi da ke sa su kima don dalilai na masana'antu da yawa yana nufin cewa ba za a iya cire su ba a cikin yanayin yanayin ƙasa na ƙasa. Ƙananan ƙananan maɓuɓɓugan halitta waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar iskar oxygen da iskar shaka na fluorite da kuma amsawar da ta biyo baya tare da sulfate ko ma'adanai na carbonate suna samarwa ta hanyar rarraba yanayin yanayi na kusan 40 ppt ga duk perfluorocarbons da 0.01 ppt don sulfur hexafluoride, amma rufin halitta kawai shine ta hanyar photolysis. a cikin mesosphere da babba stratosphere. An kiyasta cewa perfluorocarbons ( CF</br> CF, C</br> C F</br> C, C</br> C F</br> C ), wanda ya samo asali daga kasuwanci na samar da maganin kashe kwayoyin cutar, refrigerants, da polymers na iya zama a cikin yanayi tsakanin shekaru dubu biyu da dari shida da hamsin.

Wannan yana nufin cewa irin waɗannan mahadi suna da babban yuwuwar ɗumamar yanayi . Ɗayan kilogiram na sulfur hexafluoride zai, alal misali, ya haifar da ɗumamar da yawa kamar tan 23 na carbon dioxide sama da shekaru 100. Perfluorocarbons suna kama da wannan, har ma da carbon tetrachloride ( CCl</br> CCl ) yana da damar dumamar yanayi na 1800 idan aka kwatanta da carbon dioxide. Waɗannan mahadi har yanzu suna da matsala sosai tare da ƙoƙarin neman maye gurbinsu.

Duba kuma

• Tasirin greenhouse
• Greenhouse gas
• Infrared astronomy
• Tagan gani
• Ragewar ozone
• Tagan rediyo

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• IR Atmospheric Window Archived 2018-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Archived </link>