Khadijah Sidek

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Khadijah Sidek
Q110133403 Fassara

1966 - 1968
Member of the Dewan Rakyat (en) Fassara

1959 - 1964
District: Dungun (en) Fassara
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Pariaman (en) Fassara, 1918
Ƙabila Minangkabau (en) Fassara
Mutuwa 1982
Sana'a
Sana'a ɗan siyasa
Imani
Addini Musulunci
Jam'iyar siyasa United Malays National Organisation (en) Fassara
Malaysian Islamic Party (en) Fassara
independent politician (en) Fassara
United Malays National Organisation (en) Fassara

Khatijah Sidek (an haife ta a shekara ta1918-ta muty a shekara ta 1982) Khadijah Mohd Sidik 'yar Malay ce, 'year ƙasa kuma 'yar siyasa a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Malaya kuma zaɓaɓɓen shugaban Kaum Ibu (a zahiri yana nufin "ƙungiyar uwa"; daga baya aka canza sunan ɓangaren zuwa Wanita UMNO ) a shekara ta 1954. Ta kuma kasance jigo a tarihin farko na Hadaddiyar kungiyar Malay ta Kasa (UMNO) kuma mai rajin kare hakkin mata da ilimantar da yara mata. [1]

Rayuwar farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Khatijah an haife ta a cikin Pariaman, West Sumatra, kasar Indonesia zuwa Minangkabau iyali, san su da matrilineal al'adunmu tsarin. [2] Ta sami karatunta a wata makarantar Dutch da ke Sumatra kafin ta koma Singapore a shekara ta 1946 kuma jim kaɗan bayan ta auri wani ɗan ƙasar Malayan. Kafin ya zo Malaya, Khatijah tana aiki a cikin Puteri Kesatria, kungiyar mata masu adawa da mulkin mallaka da ke Bukit Tinggi, Sumatra. A cikin shekara ta 1953, ta shiga reshen UMNO a Johor Bahru bayan gayyatar da aka yi mata don yin nazarin halin matan Malay a ƙarƙashin mulkin Burtaniya. [3]

Siyasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hawan Khatijah a cikin siyasa yana nuni ne da sauye-sauyen zamantakewar da mata suka fuskanta a cikin shekaru bayan yakin ƙarƙashin mamayar Japan. Mafi yawan matan da suka yi rawar gani a siyasa na wannan lokacin sun ci gajiyar ci gaban ilimin mata da na 'ya mace, da aikin mata da ake biya a wajen gida, da kaura zuwa birane da birane [4] Matan da suka rike mukaman shugabancin jam'iyyar a kasa, jiha, da matakin rarrabuwa ya kasance galibi mazauna birni ne ko na kewayen birni, kuma sun kasance mataye ne ko kuma dangi na kusa na masu gwagwarmayar siyasa ko membobin masarauta .

Mai rajin kare hakkin mata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lokacin da Khatijah ta isa Malaya a cikin shekara ta 1940, ta damu da abin da ake gani zalunci ne na mata. A ziyararta ta biyu zuwa Singapore a shekara ta 1947, ta rubuta a cikin tarihinta cewa ta ƙuduri aniyar taimaka wa matan da ba su da ilimi ta hanyar koya musu dabarun kula da gida da kuma ɗaga iliminsu na siyasa. [5] Ta shiga ƙungiyar jin daɗin mata, ta kasar Indonesiya da Majalisar Matan Malay (HIMWIM), don tayar da hankalin 'yantar da matan Malay-Indonesiyan da ke zaune a Singapore. Koyaya, aikin Khatijah tare da HIMWIM ya ci karo da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya, kuma an tsare ta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gaggawa tsakanin shekara ta 1948 da shekara ta 1950; [6] yayin da take cikin kurkuku, ta haifi diya mace. [7]

Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, an kori Khatijah daga Singapore, amma tana karkashin umarnin tsarewa don ya ci gaba da zama a Johor na shekaru goma. [8] Tare da goyon bayan Tunku Abdul Rahman, mai kamfen din Ibu Zain ya gayyace ta zuwa UMNO ; matsayinta na matar dan asalin Malayan ya sanya ta cancanci shiga. [9] A watan Afrilun shekara ta 1953, ta zama memba na babban taron UMNO a Melaka . A taron majalisar, shawarar da ta gabatar na kara yawan mata a majalisar ya gamu da fushin da kyamar wakilan maza. [10]

Shugabancin Kaum Ibu UMNO[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Oktoban shekara ta 1954, Khatijah ya yi nasara tare da Ibu Zain da kuma Selangor Kaum Ibu UMNO (KI UMNO) na wancan lokacin Halimahton Abdul Majid da aka zaba a matsayin shugaban KI UMNO. [11] A lokacin da take jagora, ta zagaya ko'ina cikin kasar, inda ta shawo kan mata da yawa zuwa sashin ta hanyar shawo kansu cewa ta yi kama da su - Lenore Manderson ta yi ikirarin cewa Khatijah har ma da gadon matan kauye da ta ziyarta. [12] Yawan bukatar Khatijah na karin wakilci ga mata da kuma imanin ta cewa akwai wasu shingaye na yau da kullun ga shigar mata cikin siyasa da sauri ya gan ta a matsayin wani abu a matsayin mai tayar da hankali. Makonni biyu bayan zaɓenta a matsayin shugabar KI UMNO, an kori Khatijah daga reshen UMNO Johor Bahru bisa hujjar cewa ta ba da cikakken bayanin yadda Majalisar Koli ta gudanar; Khatijah ta taba tuhumar cewa da gangan ake cire mata daga jerin sunayen zabubbukan jihohi. [13] Tunku daga baya ya yanke shawarar cewa babu wadatar shaidun da za su kore ta, [14] kuma UMNO Executive daga baya ta soke korar ta, amma ba tare da yi wa Khatijah kashedi ba game da halin ta a gaba. [15]

Bayan shugabantar kungiyar KI UMNO a matakin kasa na tsawon shekaru biyu, an sake korar ta saboda kalubalantar siyasar lalata ta jam'iyyar. Korar tata da aka yi bisa doka ta nuna cewa ta saba wa ka'idoji da ka'idojin jam'iyyar [16] Khatijah ya gaji Raja Perempuan Perlis Tengku Badiah (daga baya kuma 'Sarauniyar Malaya') [17] wacce ta dauki nauyin shugabanci bayan rashin lafiyar na karshen magabata, Hajjah Zain Suleiman ko Ibu Zain .

Rikicin Majalisar Dokoki ta Tarayya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin shekara ta 1955, membobin KI UMNO suka bukaci Tunku da ya nada Khatijah a daya daga cikin kujerun ajiye biyar na Majalisar Dokokin Tarayya; mace daya ce, Halimahton, aka zaba daga cikin kujeru 52 da aka zaba. Tunku sun ki nada Khatijah; ya bayar da hujjar cewa zaben na Halimahton ya biya bukatar mace ‘yar Malay a Majalisar Dokokin Tarayya, sannan kuma takarar Khatijah bai dace ba tunda ta ci gaba da kasancewa a karkashin umarnin tsarewa. Membobin KI UMNO sun yi korafin cewa an yi watsi da gudummawar da suka bayar a lokacin zaben Tarayyar na shekara ta 1955, kuma a martanin da aka mayar, an bukaci mata da su tsaya a zabukan cikin gari da na birni su yi aiki tukuru. Shugabancin maza zai kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ba su sami ƙwararrun mata da za su iya tsayawa takara ba. [18]

Sallamar daga UMNO[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Khatijah ta nemi kuri'ar mata a cikin Majalisar Dokokin UMNO a shekara ta 1953 da wakilcin siyasa dai-dai a cikin jam'iyyar. Haka kuma, ta yi gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin cin gashin kai daga bangaren mata na UMNO, wani bangaren mata na mata na daban don tallafawa bangaren Matasan UMNO da ke akwai, da kuma karuwar zabar mata don shiga babban zabe ta hanyar zabar mata' yan takara. Amma ba da daɗewa ba aka kore ta daga jam'iyyar a watan Nuwamba 1956, kuma a wannan karon UMNO Executive ta goyi bayan fitar ta. Kodayake an kori Khatijah daga UMNO saboda dalilai na ladabtarwa, amma hakan na iya faruwa ne saboda tana kalubalantar al'adar magabata da fifikon gado a tsakanin iyayen jam'iyyar; hakika, daya daga cikin dalilan da aka ambata na korar ta shi ne cewa halinta a matsayinta na shugabar KI UMNO ya 'cutar da UMNO.' [19] Daga nan UMNO Executive ya nada Fatimah binte Haji Hashim a matsayin sabuwar shugabar KI UMNO, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa shekara ta 1972.

Khatijah Sidek a cikin PAS[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan korar ta daga UMNO don kalubalantar mulkin mallaka na namiji, Khatijah ta sauya sheka zuwa Jam'iyar Islama ta Pan-Malaysia ko PAS, ta zama shugabar sashin mata, Dewan Muslimat . Ta sake komawa UMNO a cikin shekara ta 1972, amma ba ta ci gaba da taka rawa a cikin jam’iyyar ba. [20]

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Aishah Ghani
  • Shamsiah Fakeh
  • Kishin Malay na Farko
  • Siyasar Malaysia

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Sohaimi Abdul Aziz (2011) 'Khatijah Sidek: Suara pejuang terpinggir yang dibisukan dalam sejarah perkembangan UMNO', Akademika, Vol 81, No.3, pp 43–47
  2. ↑ 'Khatijah Sidek' http://theearlymalaydoctors.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/khatijah-sidek.html Accessed 11 August 2014
  3. ↑ Sohaimi Abdul Aziz (2011) p.43
  4. ↑ AlJunied, Syed Muhd Khairuddin (2013) 'Against multiple hegemonies: Radical Malay women in colonial Malaya, Journal of Social History, Vol.47, No.1, pp 153–175
  5. ↑ Khatijah Sidek (1995) Memoir Khatijah Sidek: Puteri Kesatria Bangsa, Penerbit UKM: Bangi
  6. ↑ Sohaimi Abdul Aziz (2011) p.44
  7. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) Women and Party Politics in Peninsular Malaysia, Oxford University Press:Oxford, p. 97
  8. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) p. 97
  9. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) p. 97
  10. ↑ Khatijah Sidek (1995) p. 148
  11. ↑ Lenore Manderson (1980) Women, Politics and Change: The Kaum Ibu UMNO, Malaysia, 1945–1972, Oxford University Press:Oxford, p. 112
  12. ↑ Lenore Manderson (1980) p. 113
  13. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) p. 97
  14. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) p. 97
  15. ↑ Lenore Manderson (1987) p. 113
  16. ↑ Mohamad, Maznah (1988) 'Islam, the secular state, and Muslim women in Malaysia', Dossier 5–6
  17. ↑ Manderson, Lenore (1977) 'The shaping of Kaum Ibu (women's section) of the United Malay National Organization', Signs, Vol.3, No.1, pp 210–228
  18. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) p. 98
  19. ↑ Lenore Manderson (1980) p. 114
  20. ↑ Virginia H. Dancz (1987) p. 99

Kara karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Memoir Khatijah Sidek: Puteri Kesatria Bangsa (1995), Penerbit UKM: Bangi 
  • Susan Blackburn da Helen Ting (editocin) Mata a Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Asiya (2013) NUS Press: Singapore
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