Khalida Zahir
 Khalida Zahir | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Omdurman, 18 ga Janairu, 1927 |
| ƙasa | Sudan |
| Mutuwa | 9 ga Yuni, 2015 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama |
Mahgoub Osman (en)  |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | likita da Mai kare hakkin mata |
| Mamba | Kungiyar matan sudan |
Khalida Zahir (Arabic; 18 ga Janairun 1927 - 9 ga Yuni 2015), wanda aka rubuta a matsayin Khalda Zahir, likita ce ta Sudan kuma Mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. An fi tunawa da ita a matsayin daya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka zama likitoci a mulkin mallaka na Sudan, tare da abokin karatunta Zarouhi Sarkissian, da kuma kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Sudan.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Zahir, ɗan fari ga iyayenta, a Almorada, Omdurman ga mahaifiyata Fatima Ajab Arbab da mahaifinta Zahir Surour Assadati (wanda aka rubuta shi da Elsadati). [1] Daga iyayenta da auren mahaifinta na biyu, Zahir daga baya ta haifi 'yan'uwa goma sha takwas. [1]
Assadati, memba ne na Rundunar Tsaron Sudan, ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar farko da aka shirya don adawa da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a shekarar 1924. [2] Uwa daya ce ta rene shi, domin mahaifinsa ya mutu a yakin Omdurman a ranar da aka haifi Assadati. [1] Bayan ya girma da girmama mata saboda tarbiyyarsa, Assadati ya yi aiki don tabbatar da cewa 'yarsa ta sami irin damar da 'ya'yansa maza suka samu, ciki har da samun ilimin sakandare; halinsa ba sabon abu ba ne a tsakanin mazan Sudan a lokacin. [1] [3]
Zahir attended Unity High School in Khartoum, where she was a contemporary of Zarouhi Sarkissian. Unity High School primarily educated the children of foreigners, and Zahir's attendance at the institution was met with disapproval by the family's neighbours.[1] Some acquaintances of the family wrote letters to Zahir's father, urging him to encourage her to end her education and become a teacher, as she was already too "outspoken."[1] The pressure did not sway Assadati.[1]
Ilimin likitanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ta hanyar ƙoƙarin malaman ci gaba a Makarantar Sakandare ta Unity, alƙawarin ilimi na Zahir ya kai ga hankalin dangin Stewart Symes, gwamnan mulkin mallaka na Sudan. [1] Bayan iyalan Symes sun yi kira ga a shigar da Zahir Makarantar Magunguna ta Kitchener (wanda yanzu ita ce Jami'ar Khartoum ), Zahir ya yi rajista tare da Sarkissian a 1946. [3] [4] Sun kammala karatunsu tare a 1952, suna da matsayi na zama likitoci mata na farko a Sudan. [5] [6] Zahir ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Burtaniya da Slovakia, wanda ya ƙware a fannin ilimin yara . [7]
Fafutukar ɗalibai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sun yi rajista, Sarkissian da Zahir suka fara shiga harkokin siyasa na ɗalibai . [1] [2] [3] Sun shiga zanga-zangar farko ta jami'a don goyon bayan 'yancin kai na Sudan daga mulkin ƙasashen waje. [4] [2] [3] Duk da cewa suna da sha'awar manufofin mata, [5] Zahir ita ce ta fi kowa himma a cikin su biyun a fannin siyasa, ta fara da shiga ƙungiyar ɗaliban makarantar. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
A shekararta ta farko a Makarantar Kitchener, Zahir da abokiyar karatunta Fatima Talib sun kafa Ƙungiyar Al'adu ta Matasan Mata. [8] Domin hukumomin mulkin mallaka su ba da damar gudanar da ayyukansu, ƙungiyar ta gabatar da kanta a matsayin ƙungiyar zamantakewa da al'adu wadda ke haɓaka ayyukan sha'awar mata kamar yin sutura . [8] Manufofin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da shirya laccoci kan 'yancin mata, samar da azuzuwan karatu da rubutu ga mata, da kuma kafa makarantar renon yara wadda daga baya ta zama makarantar firamare a 1970. [8]
Haka kuma a shekarar 1946, Zahir ta halarci wani zanga-zangar jama'a kan mulkin Birtaniya. [9] An kama ta, don haka ta zama mace ta farko a tarihin Sudan ta zamani da aka kama bisa dalilai na siyasa. [10] [11] [9] A wasu labaran, hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun yi mata bulala a lokacin wannan lamarin; [9] [10] a wasu kuma, an sake ta daga tsare bayan 'yan awanni. [1]
Bayan fara shiga cikin ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sudan a ƙarshen shekarun 1940, Zahir ta zama mace ta farko 'yar Sudan da ta shiga jam'iyyar siyasa a 1949. [2] [1] [8] A shekarar 1952, Zahir, Fatima Talib, da Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim sun kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Sudan don haɓaka haƙƙin mata na yin aiki da kaɗa ƙuri'a . [8] Ibrahim, wacce ta zama 'yar majalisa mace ta farko a Sudan a 1965, ta ɗauki Zahir a matsayin mai ba da shawara. [3]
Aiki da siyasa daga baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ta cancanci zama likita, Zahir ta yi aiki a asibitoci a Omdurman da Khartoum. [1] Ta koma Bahr el Ghazal a shekarar 1952 tare da mijinta, inda ta fara aiki a matsayin mai duba lafiyar lardin kuma ya ɗauki matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare. [1]
Zahir ta kuma gudanar da asibitinta na kanta, inda ta kula da marasa lafiya masu ƙarancin kuɗi kyauta kuma ta kai wa yara allurar rigakafin shan inna a shekarun 1960. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kula da lafiyar yara a Ma'aikatar Lafiya daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1986. [3]
Ayyuka tare da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Sudan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙungiyar Mata ta Sudan (SWU), wadda Zahir memba ne na waɗanda suka kafa ta, ta yi nasarar cimma daidaiton albashi ga mata a Sudan a shekarar 1953. [12] Ƙungiyar Mata ta SWU ta kuma yi nasarar kawar da 'dokokin biyayya' waɗanda suka tilasta wa mata komawa ga abokan hulɗar da ke cin zarafi. [13]
Duk da cewa Zahir ya damu da al'adar yi wa mata kaciya (FGM) a ƙasar, makarantun kwana na mata da SWU ta buɗe a shekarun 1950 da gangan ba su mai da hankali kan shawo kan ɗalibai su kawo ƙarshen wannan al'ada ba. Zahir ya yi imanin cewa, da azuzuwan SWU "sun mai da hankali kan kawar da kaciya mata... mutane [da] sun yi shakkar dalilan [SWU]," saboda kasancewar al'adar da ta yi tushe a cikinta. [13] Madadin haka, Zahir ya ɗauki Kaciya a matsayin "alama, ba dalilin biyayya ga mata ba," kuma ya yi imanin cewa wannan al'ada za ta ƙare yayin da aka sami ƙarin ci gaba wajen inganta "talauci, rashin karatu, da cin zarafin" mata. [13] SWU ta kuma fara buga wata mujalla a shekarar 1955 wadda ta fallasa masu karatu ga muhawara game da Kaciya da sauran al'adun gargajiya: Sawt al-Mara ("Muryar Mata"). [12]
Juyin juya halin Oktoba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Oktoban 1964, ƙarar adawa da gwamnatin mulkin soja ta shugaban ƙasar Sudan Ibrahim Abboud ta kai ga kisan gillar da 'yan sanda suka yi wa wani ɗalibi a lokacin zanga-zanga a Jami'ar Khartoum. [14] An gudanar da zanga-zangar gama gari a duk faɗin Sudan, ciki har da zanga-zangar da aka yi a ranar 28 ga wata, wadda ta sa masu zanga-zangar lumana suka yi tattaki zuwa fadar shugaban ƙasa. [14] Zahir ne ya jagoranci zanga-zangar, wadda ta ƙunshi 'yan ƙasa masu ilimi da ƙwararru, suna riƙe da hannu tare da alkali Abd al-Majid Imam don nuna yanayin zaman lafiya na zanga-zangar ga masu gadin fadar. [15] Duk da haka, masu gadin sun buɗe wuta kan zanga-zangar, inda suka kashe mutane da kuma raunata mahalarta. [16] [17]
Ganewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2001, Jami'ar Khartoum ta ba Zahir digirin girmamawa na digirin digirgir don girmama nasarorin da ta samu a fannin likitanci da siyasa.
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya yi rajista a Makarantar Likitanci ta Kitchener a shekarar 1946, Zahir ta saba da wani abokin ɗan'uwanta, Osman Mohamed Mahgoub. [1] Ta hanyar Mahgoub da da'irar zamantakewarsa ne Zahir ya shiga cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sudan. [1] Mahgoub ya gabatar da shawara a shekarar 1952, wanda Zahir ya yarda da shi, duk da rikicin ƙabilanci tsakanin iyalansu: Zahir ya fito ne daga zuriyar Fur, yayin da iyalan Mahgoub suka fito daga ƙabilar Shaigiya . [1] Iyayen Zahir sun ƙarfafa auren soyayyarsu, kuma ya daɗe har mutuwarsa. [3] [1] [2]
Tare suka haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu, Suad da Maryam, da kuma 'ya'ya maza biyu, Ahmed da Khalid.
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zahir ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2015.
A cikin kafofin watsa labarai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Labarin Zahir ya fito fili a cikin shirin fim mai suna Heroic Bodies (2022).
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Zahir, Caron; Zahir, Amir (1997). "Khalda Zahir of Almorada Village". Sudan Studies Association Newsletter. 17 (1) – via University of Pennsylvania. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 4 5 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":0". - ↑ Gillam, Sarah (20 October 2017). "The Kitchener School of Medicine: 20th-century medical education in Sudan | RCP Museum". history.rcp.ac.uk. Retrieved 2026-03-09.
- ↑ Rahim Adam, Khalifa Abdel (2013). "Pioneers of paediatrics: Professor Salah Abdelrahman Ali Taha, MD (U of K), DCH, PRCP (London), FRCP (Edin)". Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics. 13 (1): 56–62. ISSN 0256-4408. PMC 4949966. PMID 27493360.
- ↑ Salah, Fatima (23 October 2025). "An exile that turns into a homeland". www.sslh.online (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-03-08.
- ↑ Kushsudan. "Khalda Zahir". kushsudan.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-03-12.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Al Amin, Nafisa Ahmed; Magied, Ahmed Abdel (1 June 2001). "A history of Sudanese women organizations and the strive for liberation and empowerment". Ahfad Journal. 18 (1) – via The Free Library. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":6" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 Elamin, Nisrin; Ismail, Tahani (4 May 2019). "The many mothers of Sudan's revolution". Al Jazeera (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-03-12.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Sudanow_women_role_indep2". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":9". - 1 2 Abusharaf, Rogaia (1 February 2023). "Sudanese women advancing justice and equality since the 1920s". Brookings (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-03-12. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":14" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":13". - 1 2 Global Nonviolent Action Database. "Sudanese bring down dictator Abbud (October Revolution), 1964". nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu. Swarthmore College. Retrieved 2026-03-12.
- ↑ Berridge, Willow (2025-09-22). "Al-Quwwat al-Musallaha : the political and social impacts of a military newspaper". Critical Military Studies (in Turanci): 1–21. doi:10.1080/23337486.2025.2557041. ISSN 2333-7486.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named ":16". - ↑ Suleiman, Mahmoud A. (2016-10-21). "52nd Anniversary of the glorious October 21, 1964 Sudanese revolution". Sudan Tribune (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-03-12.