Kogin Calabar

Kogin Calabar
General information
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	4°57′40″N 8°18′28″E
Kasa	Najeriya
Territory	Jahar Cross River
River mouth (en)	Kogin Cross River (Najeriya)

Kogin Calabar da ke jihar Cross River a Najeriya ya bi ta arewa daga birnin Calabar inda ya hade da babban kogin Cross River kimanin kilomita 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) zuwa kudu. Kogin Calabar yana samar da tashar jiragen ruwa na halitta mai zurfi sosai don tasoshin tare da daftarin 6 metres (20 ft) .

Kogin Calabar

Kogin Calabar ya kasance babban tushen bayi da ake saukowa daga ciki don jigilar su zuwa yamma a cinikin bayi na Atlantic. A shekarar 1860 ne aka dakile bautar, amma tashar jiragen ruwa ta Calabar ta kasance da muhimmanci wajen fitar da dabino da sauran kayayyaki, har sai da Fatakwal ta mamaye shi a shekarun 1920. Tare da ingantattun hanyoyin shiga cikin gida, Calabar ya dawo da mahimmanci a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa kuma yana girma cikin sauri. Dajin ruwan sama mai zafi da ke cikin rafin Calabar yana cikin sauri yana lalata, kuma gurbacewar yanayi na rage kifaye da kamun kifin da ake kamawa a gabar tekun. Wadanda aka kama suna da matakan gurɓata marasa lafiya.

Wuri.

Kogin Calabar ya malala wani bangare na tsaunin Oban a dajin Cross River. Ilimin kasa na rafin kogin ya hada da Massif Pre-Cambrian Oban Massif, Cretaceous sediments na gefen Calabar da kuma kwarin kwarjinin Neja Delta na baya-bayan nan. 43 kilometres (27 mi) fadi da 62 kilometres (39 mi) tsawo, tare da fadin 1,514 square kilometres (585 sq mi) A wani lokaci dazuzzukan ruwan sama ya rufe shi gaba ɗaya.

kogin Calabar

Yankin yana da lokacin damina daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, inda kashi 80% na ruwan sama na shekara ke sauka, tare da kololuwa a watan Yuni da Satumba. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana kai 1,830 millimetres (72 in). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi yana daga 24 °C (75 °F) a watan Agusta zuwa 30 °C (86 °F) a watan Fabrairu. Dangin zafi yana da girma, tsakanin 80% zuwa 100%.Basin 223 tare da jimlar tsawon 516 kilometres (321 mi) . Wannan ƙaramin lamba ne idan aka ba da girman kwandon. shi da kyau, don haka rafin yana fuskantar ambaliya, zaizayar ruwa da zabtarewar ƙasa.

A cikin 1862, Ƙungiyar Zoological ta London ta sami bayanin wani sabon kada mai suna Crocodilus frontatus wanda aka ɗauko daga tsohon kogin Calabar, tare da babban kai fiye da na Crocodilus vulgaris. An kuma bayar da rahoton wani sabon jemage mai suna Sphyrocephalus labrosus.

Cinikin bayi

Taswirar Cross River estuary c. 1820, Kogin Calabar zuwa NE. A lokacin ba a san kogin Cross River ne ya fi girma ba, don haka an sanya wa yankin sunan Calabar.

Birnin Calabar na zamani ya samo asali ne daga iyalan Efik wadanda suka bar garin Creek, suka haura kogin Calabar, suka zauna a gabar gabas a wani matsayi inda suka sami damar mamaye zirga-zirga tare da jiragen ruwa na Turai da suka kafa a cikin kogin, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama mafi karfi a yankin. A cikin 1767 an yi kisan kiyashi lokacin da ma'aikatan bayi shida na Burtaniya suka shiga tsakani a cikin rikici tsakanin sarakunan cibiyoyin bauta guda biyu a kogin, Old Town da Sabon Gari, ko Garin Duke: an kashe mutane 400. Akwa Akpa (Garin Duke) ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci inda ake musayar bayi da kayan Turawa.

Saboda koke-koke na jama'a game da cinikin bayi, Majalisar Dokokin Biritaniya ta gudanar da zaman sauraron kisan gillar da aka yi a shekara ta 1767 a shekara ta 1790. Birtaniya ta haramta cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1807 kuma ta fara shiga tsakani sosai wajen dakile cinikin jiragen ruwa na wasu kasashe. Tsakanin 1807 zuwa 1860 Squadron na yammacin Afirka ya kama kusan jiragen ruwa 1,600 da ke cinikin bayi. Da alama dai HMS Comus shi ne jirgin ruwan yaki na farko da ya tashi zuwa kogin Calabar har zuwa Akwa Akpa a shekarar 1815. Jiragen ruwanta sun kama wasu bayin Portugal da Spain guda bakwai dauke da bayi 550.

A ranar 6 ga Janairu 1829 HM Eden ya kama Brig Jules a kan mashaya na Old Calabar tare da bayi 220 a cikin jirgin, waɗanda aka yi jigilar su cikin kogin. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairun 1829 Adnin ya kama Hirondelle a ƙofar kogin tare da bayi 112 a cikin jirgin. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 1835, jiragen ruwa daga HMS Pelorus sun kama Polacca-Bark Minerva na Spain, wanda ke dauke da bindigogi 18-pounder guda biyu da bindigogi 8-pounder guda biyu. Kwale-kwalen jirgin sun yi tafiya mai nisan mil 60 (kilomita 97) zuwa kogin Calabar kuma sun yi kwanton bauna. Kwarewar gwaninta ya sa aka kama wannan bawan ba tare da samun asarar rai ba a cikin tawagar jirgin duk da cewa an harba bindigogi biyu da ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma ma'aikatan jirgin suka yi musayar kananan bindigogi. Bawan yana da bayi kusan 650.

Daga baya tarihi

Tare da dakile cinikin bayi a shekarun 1850, dabino da dabino sun zama babban abin fitar da kogin. Sarakunan Akwa Akpa sun sanya kansu karkashin kariyar Birtaniya a 1884. Daga 1884 har zuwa 1906 Tsohuwar Calabar ita ce hedikwatar hukumar kare gabar tekun Neja, daga nan ne Legas ta zama babbar cibiya. Yanzu da ake kira Calabar, birnin ya kasance muhimmin tashar jiragen ruwa na jigilar hauren giwa, katako, kudan zuma, da dabino har zuwa 1916, lokacin da aka bude tashar jirgin kasa a Fatakwal, kilomita 145 zuwa yamma.

Kalabar Port a watan Nuwamba 1981

Calabar a yau ta dawo da mahimmancinta a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa tare da kammala hanyoyin da ke samar da kyakkyawar hanyar shiga kudu maso gabashin Najeriya da yammacin Kamaru. Abubuwan da ake fitarwa sun haɗa da kayan dabino, katako, roba, koko, koko, da fibre piassava. Masana’antu sun hada da injinan katako, masana’antar siminti, masu kera kwale-kwale da masana’antun sarrafa roba, da dabino da abinci. Masu sana'a na kera kayan ebony don kasuwar yawon buɗe ido ta Legas. Tun 1975 birnin ya kasance gida ga Jami'ar Calabar. Ci gaban tashar jiragen ruwa, da makwabciyarta na Calabar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Tinapa Free Zone & Resort an kiyaye su a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ta hanyar matsaloli na hukuma, da kuma rashin wadataccen wutar lantarki, rashin kyawun hanyoyin mota da rashin faɗuwar tashar kogin Calabar.

Damuwar muhalli

Kogin Calabar 10 Disamba 2005

Birnin Calabar yana da iyaka da kogin Calabar daga yamma, babban kogin Kwa a gabas da kuma dausayin gabar kogin Cross a kudu. Yana iya girma zuwa arewa kawai, zuwa yankin magudanar ruwa na Calabar, kuma hakan yana faruwa. Yawancin yanzu an maye gurbinsu da noma, gina titina, gandun daji, masana'antu da gidaje don karuwar yawan jama'ar Calabar.

Wani bincike na sauye-sauyen amfani da kasa a magudanar ruwa a kogin Calabar tsakanin shekarar 1967 zuwa 2008 ya nuna cewa yankin da manyan dazuka ke rufe ya ragu da kusan kashi 30 cikin dari a wannan lokacin. A cikin 1967, gandun daji mai tsayi ya rufe kusan kashi 70% na yankin basin. Ya zuwa 2008 ya rufe kasa da kashi 40%, galibi a arewa. Farfadowar masana'antu ya fara ne a cikin 1980s kuma yanzu yana shafar wani yanki mai mahimmanci. Yana iya haifar da kwararowar ruwa da ambaliya da kuma gurɓacewar iska da ruwa.

Karamar Hukumar Calabar ba ta da wuraren kula da sharar gida. Sharar-sharar mutane da na masana'antar gida ana zubar da su a wuraren da ke saman ko kuma cikin magudanar ruwa. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya wanke mafi yawan sharar gida a cikin kogin Calabar da Babban Kwa. Gurbacewar birane da ayyukan hako mai a yankin da ke kusa da gabar teku duk suna yin barazana ga muhallin yankin, suna rage adadi da bambance-bambancen nau'in da ke samar da abinci ga shrimps da kifi. Wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 1999 kan kifin da aka kama a kogin Calabar da Kwa da kuma a cikin magudanar ruwa ya nuna matakan tagulla da magudanar ruwa sun yi sama da matakin da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta amince da su a duk samfuran. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe sun kasance sama da matakan da aka halatta a cikin 20% na samfurori. Yawan tarin iskar gas ya fi girma a lokacin damina, mai yiwuwa saboda yawan gurɓatattun abubuwan da aka wanke daga shagunan gyaran ababen hawa ta hanyar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi.

Gundumar Calabar da Calabar ta Kudu suna da yawan jama'a 371,000 a cikin 2006. Yawan jama'ar jihar Cross River yana karuwa da kusan kashi 3% a kowace shekara tun daga 1991. Yawan ci gaba ya fi girma a cikin birnin Calabar.