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Kogin Great Ouse

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Kogin Great Ouse
General information
Tsawo 240 km
Labarin ƙasa
Map
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 52°48′36″N 0°21′18″E / 52.81°N 0.355°E / 52.81; 0.355
Kasa Birtaniya
Hydrography (en) Fassara
Tributary (en) Fassara
Watershed area (en) Fassara 8,530 km²
River source (en) Fassara Wappenham (en) Fassara
River mouth (en) Fassara North Sea (en) Fassara

Kogin Great Ouse (/uːz/ ooz) wani kogi ne a Ingila, mafi tsawo daga cikin koguna da yawa na Burtaniya da ake kira "Ouse". Daga Syresham a Northamptonshire, Babban Ouse yana gudana ta Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire da Norfolk don shiga cikin Wash da Tekun Arewa kusa da Kings Lynn. Hukumomi ba su yarda da asalin kogin da tsawonsa ba, tare da daya da ya ambaci 160 mi (260 km) da kuma wani 143 mi (230 km) mi (230 . [1] Yawancin lokaci yana gudana a arewa da gabas, shi ne Kogin na biyar mafi tsawo a Ƙasar Ingila. Babban Ouse ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci a tarihi don kewaya kasuwanci, da Kam zubar da yankin da ke ƙasa wanda yake gudana; sanannen sanannen shi ne Cam, wanda ke gudana ta Cambridge. Ƙananan hanyarsa tana wucewa ta cikin wuraren da aka zubar da ruwa da kuma fens kuma an canza shi sosai, ko kuma an yi amfani da shi, don sauƙaƙe ambaliyar ruwa da samar da hanya mafi kyau don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa. Kogin da ba a canza shi ba zai canza hanya a kai a kai bayan ambaliyar ruwa.

Sunan Ouse ya fito ne daga Celtic ko pre-Celtic *Udso-s, kuma mai yiwuwa Yarda nufin kawai "ruwa" ko kogi mai saurin gudana. Don haka sunan pleonasm ne. Ƙananan tsaunuka na Great Ouse kuma an san su da "Old West River" da "Ely Ouse", amma duk tsawon kogin ana kiransa kawai da Ouse a cikin amfani na al'ada (kalmar "Great" - wanda da farko yana nufin babba ko, a cikin yanayin kogi, dogon lokaci - ana amfani da ita don rarrabe wannan kogi daga wasu da yawa da ake kira Ouse). –  –

Hanyar da ake ciki

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Kogin yana da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da yawa kusa da ƙauyukan Syresham da Wappenham a Kudancin Northamptonshire. Yana gudana ta hanyar Brackley, yana ba da iyakar Oxfordshire / Northamptonshire, sannan zuwa Buckingham inda yake gudana ta Buckingham, Yankin birni na Milton Keynes (a Stony Stratford da Newport Pagnell) da Olney, sannan Kempston a Bedfordshire, wanda shine shugaban kewayawa na yanzu.

Babban Ouse a Huntingdon

Ta hanyar Bedford, tana gudana zuwa Cambridgeshire ta hanyar St Neots, Godmanchester, Huntingdon, Hemingford Grey da St Ives, ta kai Earith. A nan, kogin ya shiga wani ɗan gajeren ɓangaren ruwa kafin ya rabu biyu. Kogin Old Bedford na wucin gadi, madaidaiciya da Kogin New Bedford, waɗanda suka kasance masu hawan ruwa, suna ba da haɗin kai tsaye zuwa arewa maso gabas zuwa ƙananan kogi a Denver a Norfolk.

Haɗuwar Babban Ouse da Cam, a hagu

An canza hanyar ta sau da yawa, tare da gyare-gyare na farko da aka rubuta a cikin 1236, sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa. A cikin shekarun 1600, an gina kogin Old Bedford da New Bedford don samar da hanya mai sauri don ruwa ya isa teku. A cikin karni na 20, gina tashar Cut-Off da Great Ouse Relief Channel sun kara canza kwararar ruwa a yankin, kuma sun taimaka wajen rage ambaliyar ruwa.

Ingantawa don taimakawa kewayawa ya fara ne a cikin 1618, tare da gina shingen da makullin. Ana iya isa Bedford ta hanyar kogi daga shekara ta 1689. Wani babban fasalin shi ne shingen a Denver, wanda ya kasa a 1713, amma an sake gina shi a 1750 bayan matsalar ambaliyar ruwa ta dawo. Sarakuna Lynn, a bakin kogin, sun bunkasa a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa, tare da shigar da aikin injiniya daga yawancin manyan injiniyoyi na lokacin. Tare da zuwan layin dogo yanayin kogin ya ragu don haka bai dace ba ko dai don kewayawa ko don magudanar ruwa. An ayyana kewayawar a cikin shekarun 1870.

Matsalar da aka maimaita ita ce yawan hukumomin da ke da alhakin bangarori daban-daban na kogin. Kwamitin magudanar ruwa da aka kirkira a 1918 ba shi da iko don magance matsalolin kewayawa, kuma akwai hukumomi shida da ke da alhakin kogin da ke ƙasa da Denver a 1913. Lokacin da aka kirkiro Babban Kwamitin Ruwa na Ouse a ƙarƙashin ikon Dokar Ruwa ta 1930, a ƙarshe za a iya ɗaukar mataki mai inganci. Akwai manyan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na sukari a kan kogi tsakanin 1925 da 1959, tare da zirga-zarge na kasuwanci na ƙarshe da aka sani a cikin 1974. Jirgin ruwa na nishaɗi ya shahara tun 1904, kuma bayan yakin ya ga kirkirar Great Ouse Restoration Society a 1951, wanda ya yi kamfen don cikakken gyaran kewayawar kogi. Har zuwa shekara ta 1989, kogin ya kasance a hannun Hukumar Ruwa ta Anglian har zuwa lokacin da aka mallaki ruwa, lokacin da Hukumar Muhalli ta zama ikon magudanar ruwa da ikon muhalli tare da kasancewa Ikon kewayawa.

Ouse Washes wani yanki ne mai muhimmanci a duniya don namun daji. Sandwiched tsakanin kogin Old Bedford da New Bedford, sun kunshi wanka wanda ake amfani dashi azaman makiyaya a lokacin rani amma wanda ambaliyar ruwa a cikin hunturu, kuma sune mafi girman yankin irin wannan ƙasar a Ƙasar Ingila. Suna aiki a matsayin wuraren kiwo don lapwings, redshanks da snipe a cikin bazara, kuma suna gida ga nau'ikan ducks da swans a lokacin watanni na hunturu.[2]

Tarihi: magudanar ruwa da kewayawa

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  Kogin ya kasance mai mahimmanci don magudanar ruwa da kewayawa na ƙarni da yawa, kuma waɗannan matsayi biyu ba koyaushe ba ne suka dace. Hanyar kogin ta canza sosai. A cikin prehistory, ya gudana daga Huntingdon kai tsaye zuwa Wisbech sannan ya shiga cikin teku. A cikin jerin abubuwa da yawa, ƙananan kogin sun lalace, kuma a lokutan ambaliyar ruwa, ruwan zai karya ruwan da ke kusa da shi kuma sabbin darussan zasu bunkasa - gabaɗaya a cikin hanyar gabas. A cikin Dark Ages, ya juya zuwa yamma a Littleport, tsakanin hanyoyin da yake da ita yanzu tare da Kogin Little Ouse da Kogin Lark, kuma ya yi hanyar Welney, Upwell da Outwell, don gudana cikin Wash kusa da Wisbech. A wannan lokacin an san shi da Wellstream ko Old Wellenhee, kuma wasu sassan wannan hanya suna da alamar Kogin Old Croft da iyaka tsakanin Cambridgeshire da Norfolk. Bayan manyan abubuwan ambaliyar ruwa a farkon karni na 13 ya karya wani ruwa a kusa da Denver kuma ya karɓi tashar tsohuwar Wiggenhall Eau, don haka ya sami sabon fita don haka ya shiga Wash a Kings Lynn. Daga baya aka yi amfani da wasu sassan tsohuwar hanya don Kogin Lark, wanda ke gudana a baya tare da ɓangaren da ke ƙasa da Prickwillow, bayan an matsa babban kogi zuwa yamma.[3] Hanyar arewa ta asali ta fara raguwa, ta hana Wisbech hanyar da za a iya dogara da ita zuwa teku, kuma an kiyaye ta ta hanyar karkatar da Kogin Nene zuwa gabas don gudana cikinta a cikin 1470s.

Dokar Rashin Rashin Ruwa ta 1601 (43 Eliz. 1. c. 11) ta ba da izinin 'masu haɗari', waɗanda suka biya tsarin Rashin Rashi da kuɗin kansu, don a biya su a ƙasar da suka zubar. Dokar ta rufe manyan yankuna na Ingila, amma ba a inganta yankin da Babban Ouse ya gudana ba har zuwa 1618, Arnold Spencer da Thomas Girton sun fara inganta kogi tsakanin St Ives da St Neots. An gina shingen shida, kuma Spencer ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami izini don inganta kogin zuwa Bedford, amma an ci lissafin dokar da ta shafi aikin majalisar, duk da goyon baya daga Kamfanin Bedford. An yi wasu dredging, kuma Great Barford ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa, amma ya rasa kudi mai yawa a kan makircin, kuma yanayin kogin ya kara muni.[4]

A ƙasa Earith, Masu Kashe Goma sha uku da ke aiki tare da Earl na Bedford sun kafa kamfani don zubar da Matakan Bedford. Cornelius Vermuyden shi ne injiniyan injiniya, kuma babban ɓangaren shirin shine tsohon kogin Bedford, madaidaiciyar yanke don ɗaukar ruwa daga Earith zuwa wani sabon sluice kusa da Salters Lode, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1637. sluice bai yi farin ciki da waɗanda suka yi amfani da kogin don kewayawa ba, kuma an yi ƙoƙari na lalata sababbin ayyukan a lokacin rikici na yakin basasa na Ingila . Dokar magudanar ruwa ta biyu na majalisar </link> an samu a cikin 1649, kuma Vermuyden ya kula da gina sabon kogin Bedford, a layi daya da Old Bedford River, wanda aka kammala a 1652. An sami adawa mai ƙarfi daga tashar jiragen ruwa da garuruwan da ke kan kogin, wanda ya ƙaru yayin da tsohuwar tashar ta Ely ta kasance a hankali. Sama da Earith, Samuel Jemmatt ya karɓi iko da kogin, kuma an ƙaddamar da kewayawa zuwa Bedford a cikin 1689 ta hanyar gina sabbin tarkace da sluices. [5]Samfuri:Infobox UK legislationTsakanin St Ives da Bedford, akwai shingen goma, waɗanda ƙofofi ne da aka gina a wuraren da ma'adinai za su hana kewayawa. Har ila yau, akwai staunches guda biyar, waɗanda ƙofofi ne da aka gina kusa da fords da shallow. Ayyukan katako da paddle sun samar da ƙarin ruwa don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa a kan irin waɗannan cikas. A kan ƙananan kogi, haɗuwa da manyan raƙuman ruwa da manyan ambaliyar ruwa sun haifar da cikakkiyar gazawar Denver sluice a cikin 1713. Yayinda akwai bukukuwan tsakanin masu ba da hanya, matsalar ambaliyar ruwa ta dawo, kuma tashar da ke ƙasa da Denver ta lalace. Charles Labelye sabili da haka ya tsara sabon ƙofar don Kamfanin Bedford Level, wanda aka gina tsakanin 1748 da 1750 kuma ya haɗa da kullewar kewayawa.[5] Ba a caji haraji a kan kogi a ƙasa da St Ives ko a kan New Bedford ba, kuma waɗanda ke da alhakin zubar da ruwa sun koka game da lalacewar shingen da bankunan da da dawakai suka yi amfani da su don jawo jiragen ruwa. An kayar da lissafin sabon dokar majalisa don tsara halin da ake ciki a shekara ta 1777 bayan adawa mai tsanani, kuma har zuwa 1790 ne aka zartar da 'Haling Act', Ouse Navigation Act 1790 (30 Geo. 3. c. 83), wanda ya tabbatar da cewa an caji haraji kuma an biya masu mallakar ƙasa saboda lalacewar bankunan da da da dawakai suka haifar. Wadannan matakan sun yi nasara, saboda akwai korafe-korafe kaɗan da zarar sabon tsarin ya kasance.[6]

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta King's Lynn

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Samfuri:Infobox UK legislationBayan an karkatar da kogin zuwa King's Lynn, garin ya bunkasa a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa. Har yanzu ana iya ganin shaidar wannan, kamar yadda ɗakunan ajiya guda biyu da aka gina a karni na 15 don kasuwanci tare da Hanseatic League sun tsira. Koyaya, tashar jiragen ruwa da kogin da ke ƙasa da Denver sluice sun shafi silting, kuma an fahimci matsalar a matsayin tasirin sluice. Sand daga The Wash an ajiye shi ta hanyar ruwa mai shigowa, kuma ruwa mai fita bai sake dauke shi ba. An tambayi Kanal John Armstrong ya bincika kogin a cikin 1724, kuma ya ba da shawarar mayar da shi ga yadda yake kafin gina aikin magudanar ruwa. John Smeaton ya ki amincewa da wannan ra'ayin a shekara ta 1766, yana ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a motsa bankunan cikin gida don ƙirƙirar ƙanƙanta, tashar da sauri. William Elstobb da sauransu sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a cire babban karkata a cikin kogi sama da King's Lynn ta hanyar ƙirƙirar yanke, amma ya ɗauki shekaru 50 na jayayya kafin a sami Dokar Eau Brink 1795 (35 Geo. 3. c. 77) don ba da izini, kuma wasu shekaru 26 har sai an buɗe yanke a ƙarshe a 1821. A wannan lokacin, yawancin manyan injiniyoyin farar hula na lokacin sun ba da gudummawar ra'ayoyinsu.[7] Shugaban aikin na asali kuma babban injiniya shine Sir Thomas Hyde Page .

John Rennie da Thomas Telford ne suka kula da aikin kuma ginin ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu. Ya tabbatar da cewa ya yi tsayi sosai, wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da yaduwar tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma an fadada shi a ƙarin farashi na £ 33,000 akan shawarar Telford. Jimlar kudin da aka kashe don 2 + 1⁄2 ya kusan kusan £ 500,000, kuma kodayake masu ba da hanya, waɗanda suka yi tsayayya da makircin, sun amfana da shi, akwai sabbin matsaloli don magudanar ruwa, tare da matakan ƙasar da ke kewaye da su suna raguwa yayin da ƙasa mai kyau ta bushe. 2 1⁄2 mi (4.0 km)Dokar Eau Brink ta 1795 ta kirkiro Kwamishinonin Ruwa da Kwamishinonin Kewayawa, waɗanda ke da iko a kan kogi zuwa St Ives, amma duka ƙungiyoyi biyu suna ƙarƙashin Kamfanin Bedford Levels Corporation. Kodayake sau da yawa a cikin adawa, jam'iyyun biyu sun yi aiki tare a kan gina sabon kulle da kuma tsayayya a Brownshill, don inganta kewayawa sama da Earith.[7]

A cikin 1835, Sarki William IV ya kawo karar da aka yi wa Kwamishinan Bankin Ouse game da umurni da aka bayar a cikin 1834 game da Eau Brink Cut da yiwuwar lalacewar da ya haifar wa tashar jiragen ruwa ta King's Lynn.[8]

Zamanin Jirgin ƙasa

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An sake gina shingen Denver a 1834, bayan an kammala Eau Brink Cut. Sir John Rennie ya tsara sabon tsari, wanda ya haɗa da kulle-kulle tare da ƙofofi huɗu, yana ba da damar amfani da shi a yawancin jihohin ruwa. Sir Thomas Cullam, wanda ya gaji wani ɓangare na kogin sama, ya saka hannun jari mai yawa na kuɗin kansa wajen sake gina ƙofofi, ƙuƙwalwa da staunches a cikin shekarun 1830 da 1840. Dokar Bedford Level Act 1827 (53 Geo. 3. c. ccxiv) ta kirkiro kwamishinoni waɗanda suka kwashe kogin daga Hermitage Lock zuwa gadar Littleport, kuma sun kwashe wasu daga cikin masu goyon bayanta. Sun gina sabon yanke kusa da Ely don wucewa mai tsawo kusa da Padnall Fen da Burnt Fen, amma kodayake ayyukan sun kai £ 70,000, sun makara don dawo da kewayawa zuwa wadata. Jirgin kasa ya isa yankin da sauri bayan 1845, ya kai Cambridge, Ely, Huntingdon, King's Lynn, St Ives, St Neots da Tempsford ta 1850. Kogin da ke ƙasa da King's Lynn an inganta shi ta hanyar gina 2 mi (3.2 km) Marsh Cut da kuma gina ganuwar horo bayan haka don hana tashar, amma Kamfanin Bedford Levels Corporation ya maraba da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, wanda kewayawa ya tsoma baki da magudanar ruwa, da kuma Kamfanin King'synn, waɗanda ba sa son wasu garuruwa da wuraren musayar jirgin ƙasa su maye gurbin su.[9]

An gina babban tashar musayar a Ely, don sauƙaƙe rarraba kayan aikin gona daga yankin zuwa kasuwannin da suka fi girma. Bugu da kari, an tura kwal don tashoshin famfo da yawa zuwa jiragen ruwa don ɓangaren ƙarshe na tafiya, maimakon ya zo daga King's Lynn. Raguwa a kan mafi yawan kogin ya kasance mai sauri, tare da haraji da rabi tsakanin 1855 da 1862. An zargi ambaliyar ruwa a shekara ta 1875 da mummunan yanayin kewayawa, kuma an ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a watsar da shi, amma babu kudade don samun dokar majalisa don ƙirƙirar ikon zubar da ruwa. An ayyana kewayawar a matsayin watsi da majalisun gundumar uku ba da daɗewa ba. Daga nan ne Ouse River Canal da Steam Navigation Ltd suka sayi shi, wadanda suke so su haɗa Bedford zuwa Grand Junction Canal, amma sun kasa samun aikin majalisar su. Wani mai sayar da kayayyaki mai suna L. T. Simpson ya sayi shi a shekara ta 1893, kuma ya kashe kimanin £ 21,000 a cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa don maido da shi. Ya kirkiro Kamfanin Sufuri na Ouse, yana gudanar da rundunar jiragen ruwa da masu kunna wuta, sannan ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami amincewa don sabbin haraji, amma majalisun gundumar Bedfordshire da Huntingdonshire sun yi adawa da shi. Yaƙe-yaƙe na shari'a da suka biyo baya, tare da Simpson ya kafa ƙofofin kulle tare, kuma majalisun gundumar sun bayyana cewa kogin babbar hanyar jama'a ce. Shari'ar, Simpson v Godmanchester Corporation, daga ƙarshe ta kai ga House of Lords a 1904, wanda ya ba Simpson damar rufe makullin.[10]

Zamanin Nishaɗi

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Babban Ouse a King's Lynn

Nasarar Simpson a shekara ta 1904 ta yi daidai da karuwar amfani da kogi don nishaɗi. Kamar yadda ba zai iya cajin waɗannan jiragen ruwa don amfani da makullin ba, an warware halin da ake ciki na ɗan lokaci a cikin 1906 ta hanyar kafa Kwamitin Makullin Kogin Ouse, wanda ya hayar makullin tsakanin Great Barford da Bedford. Fiye da jiragen ruwa 2,000 an rubuta su ta amfani da Bedford Lock a cikin watanni uku ba da daɗewa ba. Duk da matsin lamba daga hukumomin yankin da kamfanonin kewayawa, an rufe kogin sama don kasuwanci, kuma kwamishinan sarauta ya ba da rahoton a cikin 1909 game da yanayin talauci na kogin ƙasa, rashin wani iko mai daidaituwa don sarrafa shi, da kuma al'ada mai ban mamaki na jawo dawakai suna tsalle kan shinge saboda babu ƙofofi inda suka haye hanyar jan. An kafa Hukumar Ruwa ta Ouse a 1918, amma ba ta da iko don magance matsalolin kewayawa, kuma ba har sai an yi amfani da ikon Dokar Ruwa ta Duniya ta 1930 (20 &amp; 21 Geo. 5. c. 44) don ƙirƙirar Babban Hukumar Ruwa da Ouse cewa za'a iya ɗaukar mataki mai tasiri.[11]

The catchment board bought the navigation rights from Simpson's estate, and began to dredge the river and rebuild the locks. There was an upturn in commercial traffic from 1925, when the sugar beet factory at Queen Adelaide near Ely was opened. They operated six or seven tugs and a fleet of over 100 barges, and three tugs and 24 barges from the Wissington sugar beet factory on the River Wissey also operated on the river. Local commercial traffic continued around Ely until after the Second World War. The sugar beet traffic ceased in 1959, and the last commercial boat on the upper river was "Shellfen", a Dutch barge converted to carry 4,000 imp gal (18,000 L) of diesel fuel, which supplied the remote pumping stations until 1974, when the last ones were converted to electricity.[12]

A ƙasa da Denver, halin da ake ciki ya kasance mai rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai jikin mutum shida da ke da alhakin kogin a cikin 1913. Babu wani dredging da ya faru, saboda babu cikakken iko. An gyara ganuwar horo a cikin 1930 ta Hukumar Kula da Lynn ta Sarki, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kula da Ouse ya sake ginawa kuma ya tsawaita su a cikin 1937. Bayan babban ambaliyar ruwa a cikin 1937 da 1947, da Ambaliyar Tekun Arewa ta 1953, batutuwan kula da ambaliwar ruwa sun zama mafi mahimmanci, kuma an kammala Cut-Off Channel a cikin 1964, don ɗaukar manyan ruwa na Kogin Wissey, Kogin Lark da Kogin Little Ouse don shiga kogin kusa da Denver sluice.[13] An gina Babban Ouse Relief Channel, wanda ke gudana a layi daya da babban kogi na 10 + 1⁄2 daga nan zuwa gadar Wiggenhall, a lokaci guda. 10 1⁄2 mi (16.9 km)Ya haɗu da kogi a wani shinge sama da King's Lynn, kuma an sanya shi mai tafiya a cikin shekara ta 2001, lokacin da Hukumar Muhalli ta gina kulle a Denver don samar da damar shiga.[14]

A shekara ta 1939, Kwamitin Catchment ya sake buɗe ƙofofin zuwa Godmanchester sannan zuwa Eaton Socon; a cikin 1951 an kafa Babban Kamfanin Maido da Ouse don ci gaba da aikin, kuma ya sami nasarar kamfen da taimakawa tare da maidowa.[15] Kamfen ɗin Restoration Society ya haɗa da kafa Bedford zuwa St. Neots Canoe Race a cikin 1952 don yada batun don maido da kewayawa. Yanzu an san shi da Bedford Kayak Marathon, shine tseren jirgin ruwa mafi tsawo a Burtaniya. A cikin 1961 masu shirya shi sun tsara ayyukan jirgin ruwa a kan kogi ta hanyar kafa kungiyar Viking Kayak Club .

Tun daga shekara ta 1996, kogin ya kasance alhakin Hukumar Muhalli, wanda ke ba da lasisin kewayawa.[16] An sake buɗe kogin sama zuwa Bedford tare da sake gina kulle na Castle Mills a shekarar 1978.[15]

Haɗin kewayawa

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Babban Ouse a St Neots

Ana amfani da hanyoyin da ba su da ruwa na kogin don yin tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwa, amma sun kasance sun rabu da sauran tsarin ruwa na Burtaniya. Yawancin koguna suna iya tafiya, gami da Kogin Cam, Kogin Lark, Kogin Little Ouse da Kogin Wissey. Kusa da Denver sluice, Salters Lode lock yana ba da damar zuwa Tsakiyar Tsakiya, [17] amma ɓangaren da ke shiga tsakani yana da ruwa, kuma yana janye masu jirgin ruwa da yawa. Samun damar zuwa Tsakiyar Tsakiya ya kasance mai yiwuwa ta hanyar Kogin Old Bedford da Welches Dam kulle, amma Hukumar Muhalli ta tara ƙofar kulle a cikin 2006 kuma wannan hanyar ba ta da mai ɗaukar hoto don kewayawa. Shirin Fens Waterways Link, wanda ke da niyyar inganta kewayawa daga Lincoln zuwa Cambridge na iya haifar da inganta wannan ɓangaren, ko kuma an halicci hanyar da ba ta da ruwa a Denver.[18]

Akwai wasu tsare-tsaren da aka gabatar guda biyu don inganta haɗin kai daga kogi zuwa hanyar ruwa ta Midlands (banda ga hanyar Gt Ouse - Nene ta hanyar Matsayi na Tsakiya). –

  • Na farko shine don Grand Union Canal">Hanyar ruwa ta Bedford da Milton Keynes, don haɗa kogin zuwa Grand Union Canal. An fara gabatar da wannan ra'ayin ne a cikin 1812, lokacin da John Rennie the Elder ya kashe tashar 15 mi (24 km) mi (24 daga Fenny Stratford zuwa Bedford. Kimanin da ya yi na £ 180,807 ya tsoratar da masu saka hannun jari, kuma ba a sami ci gaba ba.[9] A cikin 1838, akwai wani tsari (wanda ya gaza) don fadada Newport Pagnell Canal.[19] An sake farfado da ra'ayin a cikin shekarun 1880, lokacin da Ouse River Canal da Steam Navigation Ltd suka sayi kogin da manufar ƙirƙirar hanyar haɗi. An kayar da lissafin don yin amfani da dokar majalisa, kodayake Manjo Marindin, wanda ke aiki ga Hukumar Ciniki, yana da kyakkyawan fata game da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa.[9] Tsarin zamani na wannan shawarar yana ci gaba tun 1994, ta hanyar Bedford da Milton Keynes Waterway Trust, waɗanda suka kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi 25, gami da majalisun gida, British Waterways (da magajinsa, Canal &amp; River Trust) da hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban. An gudanar da binciken yiwuwar a cikin shekara ta 2001, wanda ya kalli hanyoyi tara masu yiwuwa; a shekara ta 2006, farashin hanyar da aka fi so ya kasance tsakanin £ 100 da £ 200 miliyan.[19] 
  • Shirin na biyu shine don fadada Babban Ouse Relief Channel don haɗa shi da Kogin Nar, da kuma samar da hanyar da ba ta da alaƙa zuwa King's Lynn. Aikin zai hada da babban tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma zai kasance wani ɓangare na aikin sabuntawa mafi girma don gefen kudu na garin.[18] Za a buƙaci makullin biyu don ɗaga jiragen ruwa daga Relief Channel zuwa Kogin Nar .

Dabbobi na daji

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alamar a Wiggenhall St. Peter, Norfolk

Yayinda ingancin ruwa ya inganta, otters sun koma kogi a lambobi kamar yadda tabkuna ke buƙatar shinge don kare kaya. Gidan ajiyar yanayi na Paxton Pits kusa da St Neots yana da ɓoye daga inda ake ganin otters akai-akai. Har yanzu ana amfani da kifi mai yawa, tare da kifi masu yawa a cikin kogi, amma shekaru da yawa ne tun lokacin da aka kama babban sturgeon. An yi rikodin hatimi har zuwa Bedford.[20][21] Huntingdonshire alama ce mafi mashahuriyar yanki don kiwon dabbobi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. [22]

Haraji

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Babban Ouse kusa da Little Paxton .

Masu biyan Haraji na Kogin Great Ouse: (sama [source] zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar haɗuwa)

  • 5 mi (8 km) Brook: Koguna biyu da suka haɗu don samar da wata hanyar ruwa a kudancin Padbury a Buckinghamshire: tagwayen gabashin ya fara kusa da Addington da Claydons kuma yana gudana (8 arewa maso yamma don shiga tagwayen yamma, wanda ya fara kusa le Oxfordshire" id="mwAT4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Somerton, Oxfordshire">Somerton a Oxfordshire. Daga nan yana gudana saboda Gabas, ta hanyar Fewcott, Stoke Lyne, Fringford da Buckingham" id="mwAUM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Twyford, Buckinghamshire">Twyford, kafin ya shiga tagwayensa yana gudana 5 mi (8 km) mi () arewa don shiga Great Ouse a gabashin Buckingham . [23]
  • Kogin Leck
  • Kogin Tove
  • Kogin Uzel (ko Lovat)
  • Kogin Ivel
  • Kogin Kym
  • Kogin Cam
  • Soham Lode
  • Kogin Lark
  • Kogin Little Ouse
  • Kogin Wissey
  • Kogin Tsohon Bedford
  • New Bedford River (wanda aka fi sani da Hundred Foot Drain)
  • Kogin Nar
  • Kogin Gaywood
  • Kogin Babingley

A shekara ta 1944 an gudanar da Tseren Jirgin Ruwa na shekara-shekara tsakanin jami'o'in Oxford da Cambridge a kan wannan kogi, tsakanin Littleport da Sarauniya Adelaide, karo na farko da ba a gudanar da shi a kan Thames ba; Oxford ce ta lashe.[24] An sake gudanar da tseren jirgin ruwa na 2021 a kan kogi saboda annobar COVID-19. [25] Kungiyoyi uku daga Jami'ar Cambridge sun yi amfani da Great Ouse don horar da masu tuƙi, tare da Boat Club (CUBC), Women's Boat Club, da Lightweight Rowing Club (CULRC), duk suna amfani da kayan aiki a Ely; kungiyoyin sun haɗu a cikin 2020.[26][27]

Bedford kuma yana amfana daga kasancewar weirs da sluices, samar da damar farin ruwa. Viking ta shirya abubuwan da suka faru na Canoe Slalom na kasa a Cardington Artificial Slalom Course (CASC), wanda shine hanya ta farko ta fararen ruwa a Burtaniya, [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] an buɗe shi a 1982 kusa da Cardington Lock, a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Hukumar Muhalli wacce ke amfani da shi azaman tashar taimakon ambaliyar ruwa.  [ana buƙatar hujja][ana buƙatar hujja]CASC kuma shine wurin zama a kowace shekara don Ƙungiyar Slalom ta Ƙasar Burtaniya, babban taron slalom na canoe ta hanyar shiga cikin Burtaniya.

  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "The RSPB: Ouse Washes". The RSPB. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  3. ↑ Blair 2006
  4. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Boyes & Russell 1977
  6. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Boyes & Russell 1977
  8. ↑ Adolphus & Ellis 1837
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Boyes & Russell 1977
  10. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  11. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  12. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  13. ↑ Boyes & Russell 1977
  14. ↑ Jim Shead's Canal pages. "Great Ouse Relief Channel". Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Cumberlidge 2009
  16. ↑ Cumberlidge 2009
  17. ↑ Cumberlidge 2009
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Cumberlidge 2009
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Cumberlidge 2009
  20. ↑ "SLIDESHOW: Seal in the River Great Ouse". Bedford Times & Citizen. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  21. ↑ "Surprise guest puts seal on festival's pearl". Bedfordshire On Sunday. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  22. ↑ "River great ouse flooding - river great ouse flooding".
  23. ↑ "Get-a-map online". Ordnance Survey. Archived from the original on 29 November 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  24. ↑ "Celebrate the 1944 University Boat Race!". BBC. February 2004. Archived from the original on 29 November 2006. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  25. ↑ "The Boat Race 2021 to be raced at Ely, Cambridgeshire". The Boat Race (in Turanci). 2020-11-26. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  26. ↑ "CUBC: Facilities". Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  27. ↑ "CUWBC: Facilities". Archived from the original on 13 November 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
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