Paul Kagame
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Paul Kagame (furucci|kəˈ|ɡɑː|meɪ); an haife shi 23 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1957) shi dan'siyasan ƙasar Rwanda ne, kuma tsohon shugaban sojin kasar ne. Shine Shugaban kasar Rwanda ayanzu, yazama shugaba tun a shekara ta 2000 bayan tsohon shugaba Pasteur Bizimungu yayi marabus. Kagame kafin zamansa shugaban kasa, ya taba zama kwammanda na yan'tawaye wadanda suka kawo harshen Kisan-kare dangi na Rwanda a shekarar 1994. Ayanzu a kasar yakasance jagora de facto a sanda yarike mukamin Mataimakin shugaban kasar Rwanda da kuma Ministan tsaro daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2000. Ansake zaben sa shugaba a watan Augusta shekarar 2017 da sakamakon da yasamu kashi 99% na dukkanin kuri'un da aka kada, sai dai masu bincike sunyi korafi akan yadda aka gudanar da zaben.[1][2] He has been described as the "most impressive" and "among the most repressive" African leaders.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Kagame a ranar 23 ga Oktoban shekarar 1957, a cikin yara shida, [4] a Tambwe, Ruanda-Urundi, wani ƙauye dake a yanzu [[Lardin Kudu] , Ruwanda An samo shi tun karni na 18 ko baya.[5] Wani dan kabilar Bega, Deogratias Rutagambwa yana da alakar iyali da Sarki Mutara III, amma shi ta bi sana'ar kasuwanci mai zaman kanta maimakon kulla alaka ta kut da kut da gidan sarauta.[4] Mahaifiyar Kagame, Asteria Bisinda, ta fito ne daga dangin sarauniyar Ruwanda ta ƙarshe, Rosalie Gicanda, wato daga reshen Hebera na gidan sarautar Nyiginya.[6]
A lokacin da aka haifi Kagame, Ruwanda ta kasance Ƙasar Aminta ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda Belgium ke mulki, tun daga 1916 a ƙarƙashin ikon sa ido daga ƙarshe. independence.[7][8]
'Yan Ruwanda sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi uku daban-daban: tsirarun Tutsi sun kasance masu mulkin gargajiya. kuma gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Beljiyam ta dade tana ba da fifiko ga Tutsi, [9] yayin da yawancin Hutu ƴan noma ne.[10] Ƙungiya ta uku, Twa, sun kasance mazaunan daji Pygmy People sun fito ne daga farkon mazaunan Ruwanda, waɗanda ba su kai Samfuri:Kashi na yawan jama'a ba. [11]
Rikici tsakanin Tutsi da Hutu ya kasance yana ta ƙaruwa a cikin shekarun 1950, kuma ya ƙare a cikin 1959 Juyin juya halin Rwanda. 'Yan gwagwarmayar Hutu sun fara kashe 'yan kabilar Tutsi, lamarin da ya tilastawa 'yan kabilar Tutsi fiye da 100,000 neman mafaka a kasashe makwabta.[12]{{sfn|Prunier| gida kuma ya rayu tsawon shekaru biyu a arewa maso gabashin Rwanda, daga ƙarshe ya ketare iyaka zuwa Uganda. A hankali suka koma arewa, suka sauka a sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira na Nshungerezi da ke Toro sub-region a shekarar 1962.[4] A daidai wannan lokaci ne Kagame ya fara haduwa da [[Fred]. Rwigyema]], shugaba na gaba na Rwandan Patriotic Front.{{sfn|Kinzer|2008|p=12
Kagame ya fara karatun firamare ne a wata makaranta da ke kusa da sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira, inda shi da wasu ‘yan gudun hijira ‘yan kasar Rwanda suka koyi turanci kuma suka fara shiga al’adun Uganda.[13] Yana dan shekara tara. , ya koma makarantar firamare mai daraja ta Rwengoro, kusan kilomita 16 (10 mi) nesa.[14] Daga baya ya halarci Ntare School, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantu a Uganda , wanda kuma shi ne almajiri ga shugaban kasar Uganda Yoweri Museveni.[14] A cewar Kagame, rasuwar mahaifinsa a farkon shekarun 1970, da kuma tafiyar shugaban kasar. Rwigyema zuwa wani wuri da ba a san shi ba, ya haifar da raguwar ayyukansa na ilimi da kuma ƙaruwar sha'awar yaki da wadanda suka raina al'ummar Ruwanda.[15] Daga karshe an dakatar da shi daga Ntare kuma ya kammala karatunsa. a Old Kampala Secondary School.[16]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/08/18/rwanda-politically-closed-elections%7Ctitle=Rwanda[permanent dead link]: Politically Closed Elections|date=2017-08-18|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-11-11|language=en
- ↑ cite news|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/08/273206.htm%7Ctitle=Presidential Election in Rwanda|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=2018-11-11|language=en-US
- ↑ Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/08/magazine/paul-kagame-rwanda.html%7Ctitle=The Global Elite’s Favorite Strongman|access-date=2018-11-11|language=en
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Waugh 2004, p. 8.
- ↑ Chrétien 2003, p. 160.
- ↑ Delmas 1950.
- ↑ United Nations (II).
- ↑ United Nations (III).
- ↑ Appiah & Gates 2010, p. 450.
- ↑ Prunier 1999, pp. 11–12.
- ↑ Mamdani 2002, p. 61.
- ↑ Gourevitch 2000, pp. 58–59.
- ↑ Waugh 2004, p. 10.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Kinzer 2008, p. 13.
- ↑ Kinzer 2008, p. 14.
- ↑ Kinzer 2008, p. 15.