Salam

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Masarautar Saloum (yaren Serer: Saluum ko Saalum) masarautar Serer/Wolof a Senegal ta yau. Sarakunanta na iya kasancewa na Mandinka/Kaabu ne. [1] Babban birnin Saloum shine birnin Kahone. 'Yar'uwar masarautar Sine ce. Tarihinsu, labarin kasa da al'adunsu suna da alaƙa kuma an saba kiran su da Sine-Saloum.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Apartment na Maad Saloum (sarkin Saloum) a cikin 1821.
Carte des peuplades du Sénégal de l'abbé Boilat (1853) : taswirar kabilanci na Senegal a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Faransa. Jihohin Baol da Sine da Saloum kafin mulkin mallaka an yi su ne a kan gabar tekun kudu maso yamma, tare da yankunan da ke cikin kasa da ke da alamar " Peuple Sérère ".

Saloum, kamar masarautar 'yar'uwarta ( Masarautar Sine ), sananne ne don yawancin tudun binnewa da yawa ko "tumuli" mai ɗauke da kaburburan sarakuna da sauransu. Masarautar tana da da'irar dutse masu ban mamaki da yawa waɗanda ba a san ayyukansu da tarihinsu ba sai kwanan nan. [2]

Masanin tarihi Donald R. Wright ya bayyana cewa “A cikin shekaru goma na karshe na karni na goma sha biyar, wasu gungun ‘yan kabilar Kaabu sun yi kaura zuwa arewacin kogin Gambia inda suka mamaye wani yanki da ke gefen kudancin daular Jolof mai rauni. Daga wani ƙauye kusa da bakin kogin Saloum, ba da daɗewa ba waɗannan zuriyar suka gauraye da mazaunan Wolof da Serer kuma suka kafa jihar Saloum."

A cewar Abdou Bouri Ba Masarautar Saloum a baya ana kiranta da Mbey (a cikin Serer) kuma Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour ta sake masa suna Saloum a ƙarshen karni na 15 (c. 1494). [3] Tsawon ƙarni da yawa kafin a sake masa suna, ana kiran babban birninta Ngap. [4] Dangane da al'adar baka ta Serer, an sanya mata suna ne bayan Saalum Suwareh, marabout na Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (bambancin: Mbegani Ndour). Al’adar ta ci gaba da cewa, Saalum Suwareh ya amince ya ba Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (asali daga Masarautar Sine) juju fetish domin ya kayar da wanda ya ci Toucouleur da ‘yan maraba na musulmi muddin ya yi alkawarin sake sunan kasar sau daya. ya yi nasara. Mbgan Ndour ya amince. Bayan wannan kwantiragin na baka, Mbegan Ndour ya kayar da Ali Elibana kuma ya kori dakarun sa na musulmi daga Saloum ya yi mulki a kasar. Kamar Masarautar Sine, mutanen Serer sun mamaye yawan jama'a kuma suna mulki. Gabaɗaya ana kiran su biyun da Sarakunan Serer. Yawancin sassa na Gambia a yau sun kasance yankunan da Masarautar Saloum ta yi wa mulkin mallaka. Da farko, Saloum ya mika kudu zuwa gabar arewa na kogin Gambiya. Gambiya ta yau ana kiranta da Lower Saloum. Upper Saloum shine inda Saloum na zamani yake a Senegal. Saloum kuma yana da iko na ɗan lokaci Masarautar Baol. Jihohin Sabakh da Sandial Fara Sabakh da Fara Sandial ne suka mulki (bimbin laƙabi na sarakuna), [5] kuma dukansu sun kasance na sarki a Kahone ( Maad Saloum ). A wajen 1862, Sambou Oumanneh Touray, almajirin Maba Diakhou Bâ ya kaddamar da jihadi a Sabakh da Sandial. Bayan ya ci Fara Sabakh da Fara Sandial, ya shiga kasashen biyu tare (don haka : Sabakh-Sandial ) kuma ya mulki shi. [5] Fara Sabakh na ƙarshe da Fara Sandial sun mutu a wannan jihadin. [5] [6] A lokacin daular uba na Serer da Guelowar daga karni na 15 zuwa 1969, kusan sarakuna 50 ne aka nada. [7] [8] Sarakunan sun ci gaba da gudanar da zaman kotun a Kahone, amma Kaolack makwabciyarsa ya mamaye birnin kasuwanci.

Masu bincike na Portuguese a cikin karni na 15 sun kira Saloum a matsayin mulkin Borçalo, bayan 'Bor-ba-Saloum' (Wolof cin hanci da rashawa don "Sarkin Saloum"-Maad Saloum). [9]

Ko da yake Masarautar ta ci wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da Faransawa, daga baya aka ci ta. Koyaya, kamar Masarautar Sine, daular sarauta ta tsira har zuwa 1969, lokacin da sarkin Saloum na ƙarshe, Fode N'Gouye Joof ya rasu. Shekarar mutuwarsa ta yi daidai da mutuwar Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof, wanda shi ne sarkin Sine. Waɗannan sarakuna biyu sune sarakunan Serer na ƙarshe kuma na ƙarshe na Senegambia. Bayan mutuwarsu, an shigar da Masarautun biyu cikin sabuwar jamhuriyar Senegal mai cin gashin kanta wacce ta sami 'yancin kai a 1960. Don haka Masarautar Sine da Masarautar Saloum sune masarautu na ƙarshe kafin mulkin mallaka na Senegambia da suka rayu har zuwa ƙarni na 20.

Mutane da harshe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A kabilanci, Saloum ya kasance Serer, [10] [11] amma a hankali 'yan gudun hijira na Wolof [10] sun zauna tare da Fulas, Mandinkas, da dai sauransu Ba kamar Masarautar Sine wacce ke da kabilanci Serer kuma tana da tushe mai zurfi a cikin "Sere -conservatism", kamar kiyaye addinin Serer, al'adu, al'adu, da sauransu, [10] Saloum ya fi kowa da kowa kuma mai yawan addini. Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa wasu 'yan gargajiya na Serer da ke bin ka'idodin addinin Serer ba su da sha'awar samun irin wannan matsayi na addini da aka ba wa Sine a matsayin daya daga cikin wurare masu tsarki na Serer, duk da gidaje da yawa daga cikin wuraren Serer (duba Serer tsohon tarihi ). [11] Ko da yake yana da yawa, amma kuma yana da kabila Serer, sauran kabilun ƙaura ne. Yaren Serer da Wolof duka ana magana da su a Saloum. Hakanan ana magana da harsunan Cangin.

Kasuwanci da labarin kasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Saloum ya haɗa da lebur, wuraren ƙoramar ruwa a cikin ƙasa daga Kogin Saloum delta. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an lalata manyan wuraren girmar mangrove. An sami bunƙasa masana'antar gishiri-masana'anta a gidajen gishirin da ke gefen delta. Tushen tattalin arzikinta shine cinikin gyada, yana fitar da goro mai yawa zuwa Turai.

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Saine 2012 13
  2. ↑ Becker, Charles. "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer". Dakar. 1993. CNRS - ORS TO M
  3. ↑ Ba, Abdou Bouri, « Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip  » (avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin), Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 38, série B, numéro 4, octobre 1976
  4. ↑ Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972), p 707 (p 5)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ba, Abdou Bouri, "Essai sur l’histoire du Saloum et du Rip. Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Victor Martin", p 18
  6. ↑ Klein, pp74-5
  7. ↑ Bâ, Abdou Boury, Essai sur l'histoire du Saloum et du Rip,, Avant-propos par Charles Becker et Vctor Martin. Publié dans Le Bulletin De L'institut Fondamental D'afrique Noire. Tome 38, Série B, n° 4, Octobre 1976, P. Volume 38
  8. ↑ Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine-Saloum. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987)
  9. ↑ Teixeira da Mota (1946: Pt. 1, p.58). For detailed 16th-century Portuguese description of the Kingdom of Saloum, see Almada (1594: Ch.2)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named K
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Becker, Charles: "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer". Dakar. 1993. CNRS - ORS TO M
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