Samun Ilimi
 Samun Ilimi | |
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| Hakkokin Yan-adam | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na | Haƙƙin Ilimi |
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Universal samun ilimi ne da ikon dukkan mutane zuwa da damar daidaita a ilimi, ko da kuwa su zaman jama'a aji, tseren, jinsi, jima'i, kabilanci bango ko jiki da hankulansu nakasa . Ana amfani da kalmar a duka lokacin shigar da kwaleji don azuzuwan aji da ƙananan, da kuma fasahar taimaka wa nakasassu Wasu masu sukar ra'ayi suna ganin cewa wannan aikin a cikin ilimin firamare, akasin tsayayyar cancanta, yana haifar da ƙimar darajar ilimi. Don sauƙaƙa damar ba da ilimi ga kowa, ƙasashe suna da haƙƙin neman ilimi.'[1][2] [3][4][5]
Samun damar samun ilimi a duniya yana karfafa hanyoyi da dama na koyar da ilimi don cimma nasarar yada ilimin a fadin bambancin zamantakewar, al'adu, tattalin arziki, kasa da kuma ilimin halittu. Da farko an haɓaka tare da taken samun dama daidai da haɗa ɗalibai masu ilmantarwa ko nakasa jiki da tunani, jigogin da ke jagorantar samun ilimi a duniya yanzu sun faɗaɗa a kan dukkan nau'ikan iko da bambancin ra'ayi . Koyaya, kamar yadda ma'anar bambance-bambancen take a cikin kanta hadadden hadadden tsari ne, malamai masu amfani da damar samun damar duniya zasu ci gaba da fuskantar ƙalubale tare da haɗa canje-canje a cikin tsarin karatunsu don haɓaka jigogi na damar dama ta ilimi daidai.
Yayin da ake ci gaba da samun damar shiga cikin tsarin ilimin Amurka, ana buƙatar furofesoshi da malamai a matakin kwaleji (a wasu lokuta bisa doka) su sake yin tunani game da hanyoyin sauƙaƙa samun dama a cikin ajujuwansu. Samun dama ga ilimin kwaleji na iya haɗawa da samar da hanyoyi daban-daban na kimantawa na koyo da riƙewa. Misali, domin sanin yawan kayan da aka koya, farfesa na iya neman hanyoyi da yawa na tantancewa. Hanyoyin kimantawa na iya haɗawa da cikakken jarabawa, gwajin naúrar, manyan ayyuka, takardun bincike, nazarin adabi, gwajin baka ko ayyukan gida. Bayar da hanyoyi daban-daban don kimanta girman ilmantarwa da riƙewa ba kawai zai gano gibin da ke akwai ba ne a cikin duniya amma kuma zai iya haɓaka hanyoyin inganta damar duniya.
Rashin nuna wariya da daidaito a harkar ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
'Yancin ɗan adam haƙƙin duniya ne, saboda haka ana amfani da shi ga kowa daidai ba tare da nuna bambanci ba . Koyaya, adadi mai yawa na mutane sun rasa ilimi saboda wariyar da ke hana damar samun ilimi.
Nuna wariyar launin fata ya bayyana a bayyane ta fuskar samun ilimi. Misali, 'yan mata na iya fuskantar matsalolin da suka shafi jinsi kamar auren yara, ciki, da cin zarafin jinsi wadanda galibi kan hana su zuwa makaranta ko bayar da tasu gudunmawar barin makarantar. Mutanen da ke da nakasa galibi suna fuskantar batutuwan amfani da zahiri, kamar ƙarancin tuddai ko jigilar makarantu da suka dace, wanda ke sa wuya zuwa makaranta. 'Yan cirani galibi suna fuskantar shingen gudanarwa wanda ke hana su yin rajista, wanda hakan ke hana su tsarin ilimi.
Koyaya, nuna wariya ma yana faruwa a tsakanin tsarin ilimin yayin da wasu kungiyoyin da ke karbar darajar ilimi mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da wasu, misali, ingancin ilimi a makarantun birane da alama ya fi wanda ake samu a karkara.
Hakanan wariyar launin fata yana faruwa bayan ilimi inda ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane basa iya samun fa'ida ɗaya daga karatun su. Misali, yara maza masu ilimi sukan daina zuwa makaranta da karfin albashi fiye da yara mata masu ilimi.
Abubuwan nuna bambanci da daidaito da aka samo a cikin dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa (IHRL) sun wanzu don tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da ƙa'idar nan ta haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Rashin nuna bambanci da daidaito ba ra'ayoyi ne da ba a fahimtarsu a ƙarƙashin dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya (IHRL). An fadada haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda aka haɓaka cikin shekaru da yawa don magance wariyar da mutane ke fuskanta a yau da kullun. Musamman ilimi inda ake amfani da haƙƙin nuna wariya da daidaito ga haƙƙin neman ilimi a cikin yarjejeniyoyi da yawa na haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da wanda aka keɓe ga batun, wanda aka sani da UNESCO CADE.
Duk da karfin rashin nuna wariya da dokar daidaito, kawar da nuna banbanci da banbanci wani kalubale ne da Jihohi da kasashen duniya ke fuskanta. An yarda da wannan a cikin Shekara ta 2015 lokacin da kasashen duniya suka lashi takobin 'ba kowa a baya'.
Yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa da na yanki suna amfani da hakkokin rashin nuna wariya da daidaito ga ' yancin samun ilimin wasu kebabbun kungiyoyi. Kungiyoyin da aka ware su ne wadanda suka sha wahala na tsawon lokaci da nuna bambanci na tarihi, yawanci, amma ba na musamman ba, bisa asalin asali (jinsi, alal misali), halaye (kabila, launin fata), ko yanayi ( 'yan gudun hijira, bakin haure,' yan gudun hijira na cikin gida ). Mai yuwuwa akwai yiwuwar a bijiro da nau'ikan nuna bambanci.
Misalan kungiyoyin da aka ware sun hada da:
- yan mata da mata
- 'yan tsiraru na kasa, kabila, da yare
- mutanen da ke da nakasa
- 'yan asalin ƙasar
- bakin haure
- 'yan gudun hijira
- masu neman mafaka
- marasa jihar
- 'yan gudun hijirar (IDPs)
- mutanen da ke tsare / wadanda aka hana wa walwala
- mutanen da ke rayuwa cikin talauci
- mutanen da suke zaune a yankunan karkara
- mutanen da cutar ta HIV ta shafa
- mutanen da cutar zabiya ta shafa
- LGBTQI
- tsofaffi da sauransu
Samun ilimi ta hanyar doka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2009 majalisar dokokin Indiya da shugaban kasar Indiya duk sun sanya hannu tare da amincewa da kudurin da zai ba da doka kyauta ta tilasta ilimi ga yara ‘yan shekara shida zuwa goma sha hudu. Ya kasance babban mataki zuwa ga ilimin duniya ga kowa. Muchkund Dubey marubucin labarin "'Yancin' Ya'ya ga Dokar Ilimi da Tilastawa, 2009 : Labarin Bacewar Dama "ya tattauna kuma ya nuna batutuwan samun dama, ingancin ilimi, tasirin kudi, da nuna wariya.
A Amurka, Brown vs. Hukumar Ilimi ta yanke shawara mai kyau saboda ta gano kuma ta bayyana cewa, "wuraren ilimi daban-daban babu kamarsu". Wannan ya fara aiwatar da yanke hukunci a makarantu da yawa wadanda basu yanke hukunci ba har yanzu. Mahimmancin Brown vs. Kwamitin ya kasance dama ce ga dukkan ɗalibai su halarci cibiyoyin ilimi daidai gwargwadon banbancin launin fatarsu. Jonathan Kozol, marubucin littafin Shame of the Nation, yi magana game da yadda “yanayin jiki a cikin waɗannan sabbin makarantun da aka haɗu sun kasance mafi farin ciki… yanayin hankali tsakanin malamai da yara [sun] kasance masu ɗoki” a cikin abin da ya biyo baya na rarrabuwa.
Samun dama ga duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samun Ilimi na Duniya yana nufin mutane suna da damar daidai don shiga kowane tsarin ilimi. Koyaya, ba kowane ɗayan mutane, ƙungiyoyi, ko kabilu ake ba dama daidai ba. An yaba wa Amurka da tunanin da ake da shi na samun damar shiga duniya a matsayin damuwa ga nakasassu. Hukumomin kasa da kasa guda biyu (Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya da Bankin Duniya) sun kiyasta kimanin mutane biliyan daya a duk fadin duniya nau'ikan nakasa daban-daban. Tsakanin miliyan 93 zuwa 150 daga cikinsu yara ne. Plan International ya bayyana cewa waɗannan yara ba za su iya zuwa makaranta ba kuma idan sun yi rajista za a raba su da ɗalibai na yau da kullun. Partungiyar Kawancen Duniya don Ilimi ta ce kusan kashi 90 na yaran da ke fama da nakasa daga ƙasashe masu ƙasƙanci da masu matsakaici ba sa karatu. A tarihi, waɗannan yara ba a saka su cikin tsarin ilimin talakawa kuma ana magana da su makarantun koyo na musamman.
Abin takaici ne cewa ilimi har zuwa yau ba ya samun damar miliyoyin yara 'yan makaranta a duniya. Yara miliyan 72 ko fiye da shekarun karatun firamare ba sa zuwa makaranta. Wasu manya miliyan 759 ba su da ilimi. Basu da ilimin da ake buƙata wajen inganta yanayin rayuwar iyalansu. Talauci na haifar da rashin ilimi. A kusan dukkanin kasashe (masu tasowa da ci gaba), an hana yara ilimi sakamakon rashin daidaito wanda ke fitowa daga lafiya, jinsi, da kuma al'adun gargajiya kamar addini, yare, da asalin kabila. Abubuwan da ke tattare da talauci da suka hada da rashin aikin yi, iyayen da ba su iya karatu ba, da kuma rashin lafiya suna ƙara yiwuwar rashin yin makaranta, da kuma yawan faduwa. Ilimin firamare na duniya ya zama babbar matsala ga ƙasashe da yawa. Mafi yawa daga cikin wadannan kasashe masu tasowa basu mallaki isassun kayan kudi don gina makarantu, samar da litattafai da sauran kayan aiki ba, da daukar ma'aikata, horarwa, da kuma biyan malamai. Yankin Afirka da ke Kudu da Sahara shine yankin da abin ya fi shafa domin har yanzu yaran Afirka miliyan 32 ba su da ilimi. Wannan yana biyo baya ta Tsakiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Pacific tare da miliyan 27 ko fiye. Duk da haka, masu lura da al'amura sun lura cewa damar samun ilimi ta bai-daya ta kasance babbar manufa ce nan da shekarar 2030.
Bibliography
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Babban Gwaji - tarihin ci gaban ƙarni na ashirin a Amurka na samun damar shiga kwalejoji a duniya.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ilimi na kyauta
- Ilimi Ga Kowa
- Ilimi gaba daya
- Laptop guda ɗaya ga kowane Yaro
- Hakkin ilimi
Majiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Samfuri:Free-content attribution</img>
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "Universal Access to Primary Education - World Affairs Council". www.wacphila.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2018-07-01. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
- ↑ "Universal Access to Learning Improves all Countries | Global Campaign For Education United States Chapter". Global Campaign For Education United States Chapter (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
- ↑ "Definition of Assistive Technology". www.gpat.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-02-17. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
- ↑ MacDonald, Heather (Spring 2018). "How Identity Politics Is Harming the Sciences". City Journal. Manhattan Institute. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
Lowering standards and diverting scientists’ energy into combating phantom sexism and racism is reckless in a highly competitive, ruthless, and unforgiving global marketplace.
- ↑ "Understanding education as a right". Right to Education Initiative (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-01.