Spanish Inquisition
| Spanish Inquisition | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1478 |
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| Branches |
Mexican Inquisition (en)  |
Kotun Koli na Ofishi Mai Tsarki na Inquisition, (Spanish), wanda aka fi sani da Spanish Inquisition (Spanish), an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1478 ta Sarakunan Katolika, Sarki Ferdinand II na Aragon da Sarauniya Isabella I na Castile. Ya fara a kusan ƙarshen Reconquista kuma an yi niyya ne don ci gaba da bin ƙa'idodin Katolika a cikin masarautun su da maye gurbin Inquisition na Medieval, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ikon Paparoma. Ya zama mafi mahimmanci daga cikin bayyananne daban-daban guda uku na babban binciken Katolika tare da binciken Roman da Inquisition na Portuguese. Ana iya bayyana "Inquisition na Sipaniya" a fili kamar yadda yake aiki a Spain da kuma a cikin dukkanin yankunan Sipaniya da yankuna, wanda ya hada da Canary Islands, Masarautar Naples,[ana buƙatar hujja] da duk kayan Sifen a Arewa, Tsakiya, da Kudancin Amurka. Bisa kididdigar zamani, kusan mutane 150,000 ne aka gurfanar da su don laifuka daban-daban a cikin tsawon karni na uku na binciken Sipaniya wanda a tsakanin 3,000 zuwa 5,000 aka kashe (~ 2.7% na duk lokuta).[1]
Tun da farko an yi nufin Inquisition ne don gano masu heretics a cikin waɗanda suka tuba daga Yahudanci da Musulunci zuwa Katolika. An tsananta tsarin bangaskiyar sabbin mabiya darikar Katolika bayan da dokar sarauta da aka fitar a shekara ta 1492 da 1502 ta umurci Yahudawa da Musulmai su koma Katolika ko kuma su bar Castile, wanda ya haifar da dubban daruruwan tubalin tilastawa, da tsananta wa conversos da moriscos, da kuma yawan korar Yahudawa da Musulmai daga Spain.[2] An soke Inquisition a cikin shekarar 1834, lokacin mulkin Isabella II, bayan wani lokaci na raguwar tasiri a cikin ƙarnin da ya gabata.
Previous Inquisitions
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An ƙirƙiri Inquisition ta hanyar Paparoma Ad Abolendam, wanda Paparoma Lucius III ya bayar a ƙarshen karni na 12 don yaƙar bidi'a ta Albigensian a kudancin Faransa. Akwai manyan kotuna na binciken Paparoma a cikin masarautun Turai daban-daban a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai ta hanyoyi daban-daban na diflomasiyya da siyasa. A cikin Masarautar Aragon, an kafa wata kotu ta Papal Inquisition ta hanyar ka'idar Excommunicamus na Paparoma Gregory IX, a cikin shekarar 1232, a lokacin zamanin karkatacciyar koyarwar Albigensian, a matsayin yanayin zaman lafiya tare da Aragon. Inquisition din bai samu karbuwa daga Aragon ba, wanda ya haifar da haramta zagi ko kai hari a kansa. Roma ta damu musamman cewa ɗimbin al'ummar Musulmi da Yahudawa na yankin Iberian za su sami tasirin 'heretical' akan yawan Katolika. Roma ta matsa masarautu don karɓar Binciken Paparoma bayan Aragon. Navarra ya yarda a karni na 13 da Portugal a ƙarshen 14th, kodayake 'Inquisition Roman' ya shahara. Castile ya ki a hankali, yana dogara ga fitaccen matsayinsa a Turai da karfin soja don kiyaye tsoma bakin Paparoma. A karshen tsakiyar zamanai, Ingila, saboda nisa da yarda da son rai, da kuma Castile (bangaren Spain na gaba), saboda juriya da iko, sune kawai masarautun Yammacin Turai da suka sami nasarar tsayayya da kafa Inquisition a cikin daularsu.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Data for executions for witchcraft: Levack, Brian P. (199). The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (Second ed.). London and New York: Longman. ISBN 9780582080690. OCLC 30154582. And see Witch trials in Early Modern Europe for more detail.
- ↑ Hans-Jürgen Prien (21 November 2012). Christianity in Latin America: Revised and Expanded Edition. BRILL. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-04-22262-5.