Taimako na zamantakewa
 Taimako na zamantakewa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
protective factor (en)  , Taimako da care (en) |
| Bangare na |
social network (en) |
Tallafin zamantakewa shine fahimta dazama na gaskiya akan yadda ake kula da mutum, yana da taimako daga wasu mutane, kuma mafi mashahuri, cewa mutum yana cikin hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa mai tallafawa. Waɗannan albarkatun tallafi na iya zama motsin rai misali, (kulawa), bayanai misali (shawara), ko abokantaka (misali., ma'anar zama); abin da ake gani misali , (taimakon kuɗi) ko abin da ba a gani ba misali، (shawara ta mutum). Za'a iya auna tallafin zamantakewa a matsayin fahimtar cewa mutum yana da taimako, ainihin taimakon da aka karɓa, ko kuma matakin da aka haɗa mutum a cikin hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa. Tallafi na iya fitowa daga tushe da yawa, kamar dangi, abokai, dabbobi, maƙwabta, abokan aiki, ƙungiyoyi, da dai sauransu.
Ana nazarin tallafin zamantakewa a fannoni daban-daban ciki har da ilimin halayyar dan adam, sadarwa, magani, ilimin zamantakewa, jinya, kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ilimi, farfadowa, da aikin zamantakewa. Tallafin zamantakewa an haɗa shi da fa'idodi da yawa ga lafiyar jiki da tunani, amma "tallafin zamantakewar al'umma" misali, (tsegumi game da abokai) ba koyaushe ne yakeda da fa'ida ba.
Ka'idodin tallafin zamantakewa da samfuran su sun kasance masu yawa a matsayin karatun ilimi mai zurfi a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990, [1] [2] [3] [4] kuma suna da alaƙa da ci gaban masu kulawa da samfuran biyan kuɗi, da tsarin isar da al'umma a Amurka da kewaye na duniya.[5][6] An gabatar da manyan samfuran guda biyu don bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin tallafin zamantakewa da kiwon lafiya: ra'ayin buffering da ra'ayin tasirinsa kai tsaye. An sami bambance-bambance tsakanin Jinsi da al'adu a cikin tallafin zamantakewa a fannoni kamar ilimi "wanda bazai iya sarrafa shekaru ba, nakasa, samun kuɗin shiga da matsayi na zamantakewa, kabilanci da launin fata, ko wasu muhimman dalilai".[7]
Categories da ma'anoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bambance-bambance a cikin ma'auni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Za'a iya rarraba tallafin zamantakewa da auna shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Akwai sanannun ayyuka huɗu na tallafin zamantakewa: [8]
- ↑ Vaux, A. (1988). Social Support: Theory, Research and Interventions. My, NY: Praeger.
- ↑ Drennon-Gala, D. (1987). The effect of social support that is perceived by children in early adolescence and its relationship with antisocial behavior. (Paper presented during a colloquy at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY).
- ↑ Drennon-Gala, D. (1994). The effects of social support and inner containment on the propensity toward delinquent behavior and disengagement in education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 942562.
- ↑ Drennon-Gala, D. (1995). Drennon-Gala, D. (1995). Delinquency and high school dropouts: reconsidering social correlates. Maryland: University Press of America; a member of the Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group.
- ↑ Racino, J. (2006). Social support. In: G. Albrecht, Encyclopedia on Disability, 1470-1471. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- ↑ O'Connor, S. (1995). More than they bargained for: The meaning of support to families. In: S. J. Taylor, R. Bogdan, & Lutfiyya, Z.M. The Variety of Community Experience (pp.193-210). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
- ↑ Harry, B., Kaylanpur, M. and Day, M. (1999). Building Cultural Reciprocity with Families: Case Studies in Special Education. London, Toronto: Brookes.
- ↑ Wills, T.A. (1991). Margaret, Clark (ed.). "Social support and interpersonal relationships". Prosocial Behavior, Review of Personality and Social Psychology. 12: 265–289.