Tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanki
 Tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanki |
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Tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanki suna da 'yancin haƙƙin ɗanɗano masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke cikin babban aikin tsari na aikin haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa na duniya. Za'a iya gano manyan kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam guda uku, Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a, Yarjejeniya ta Amurka kan 'YanYancin Dan adam (Amurka) da Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yanfin Dan Adam.
Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ta ƙunshi jihohi hamsin da uku na Afirka.[1] An kafa shi a shekara ta 2001, manufar AU ita ce taimakawa wajen tabbatar da dimokuradiyya ta Afirka, haƙƙin ɗan adam, da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa, musamman ta hanyar kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen Afirka da ƙirƙirar ingantaccen kasuwa.[2]
Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ita ce babbar kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na yankin kuma ta fito ne a karkashin jagorancin Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) (tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin ta da Kungiyar Afirka). An sanar da niyyar tsara Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a cikin 1979 kuma an amince da Yarjejeniyar gaba ɗaya a Majalisar OAU ta 1981. Dangane da Mataki na 63 (wanda ya sa ya "yi aiki watanni uku bayan karɓar Sakatare Janar na kayan tabbatarwa ko bin mafi rinjaye" na kasashe membobin OAU), Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ta fara aiki a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1986 - don girmamawa wanda aka ayyana ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba "Ranar 'Yancin Mutum ta Afirka". h
Hukumar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a (ACHPR) kungiya ce ta shari'a ta Tarayyar Afirka wacce ke da alhakin ingantawa da kare' yancin dan adam da haƙƙin jama'a a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka da kuma fassara Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan' yancin Dan Adam le Jama'a da kuma la'akari da korafe-korafe na mutum game da keta Yarjejeniyar. Hukumar tana da manyan fannoni uku na alhakin: [3]
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]The Organization of American States (OAS) is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas. Over the course of the 1990s, with the end of the Cold War, the return to democracy in Latin America[ana buƙatar hujja], and the thrust toward globalization, the OAS made major efforts to reinvent itself to fit the new context. Its stated priorities now include the following:[4]
An kafa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka a cikin 1979 tare da manufar tilasta da fassara tanadin Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Babban ayyukanta guda biyu sune yanke hukunci da ba da shawara. A karkashin tsohon, yana sauraro da dokoki game da takamaiman shari'o'in keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka ambata. A karkashin wannan na ƙarshe, yana ba da ra'ayoyi game da batutuwan fassarar shari'a da wasu hukumomin OAS ko jihohin membobin suka kawo.[5]
Asiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babu kungiyoyi ko tarurruka na Asiya don ingantawa ko kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Kasashe sun bambanta sosai a cikin tsarin su ga haƙƙin ɗan adam da rikodin su na kare haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa.
Kungiyar Kasashen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (ASEAN) [6] kungiya ce ta siyasa da tattalin arziki ta kasashe 10 da ke kudu maso gabashin Asiya, wacce Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore da Thailand suka kafa a shekarar 1967. Kungiyar yanzu ta hada da Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar da Cambodia.[6] Manufofinta sun haɗa da hanzarta ci gaban tattalin arziki, ci gaban zamantakewa, ci gaban al'adu tsakanin membobinta, da inganta zaman lafiya na yanki.[6] ASEAN ta kafa a cikin 2009-10 Hukumar Intergovernmental kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, ASEAN ta amince da sanarwar kare hakkin dan adam ta ASEAN, amma, tun daga shekara ta 2015, har yanzu ba ta da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan Adam ko kotu.
Majalisar hadin gwiwa ta kasashen Larabawa na Gulf (CCASG) kungiya ce ta kasuwanci da ta shafi jihohin Larabawa guda shida na Tekun Farisa, tare da manufofi da yawa na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. An kirkiro shi a cikin 1981, Majalisar ta ƙunshi jihohin Gulf na Farisa na Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. [7]
Babu wani daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke sama da takamaiman umarni don ingantawa ko kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, amma kowannensu yana da wasu manufofi masu alaƙa da haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa, tattalin arziki da al'adu.[8][9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "AU Member States". African Union. Archived from the original on January 5, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "AU in a Nutshell". Archived from the original on December 30, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "Mandate of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights". Archived from the original on January 20, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "OAS Key Issues". Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "Inter-American Court on Human Rights homepage". Inter-American Court on Human Rights. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- 1 2 3 "Overview Association of Southeast Asian Nations". Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "The Concept and Foundations and Objectives of the CCASG". Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "About the Asia Cooperation Dialogue". Asia Cooperation Dialogue. Retrieved January 3, 2008.
- ↑ "Charter of CCASG". Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2008.