Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a
 Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a | |
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charter (en)  | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Kwanan wata | 1981 |
Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan haƙƙin ɗan adam da jama'a (wanda kuma aka sani da Yarjejeniyar Banjul) kayan aiki ne na ƙasa da ƙasa na haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda aka yi niyya don haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin nahiyar Afirka.
Ta bullo ne a karkashin inuwar Kungiyar Hadin Kan Afirka (Tun da Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta maye gurbinsa) wanda a Majalisar shugabannin kasashe da gwamnatocinta na shekarar 1979, ta zartar da wani kuduri da ke kira da a kafa kwamitin kwararru da zai tsara wata kafa ta nahiyar baki daya. kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam, kwatankwacin waɗanda suka riga sun wanzu a Turai (Yarjejeniyar Turai akan Haƙƙin ɗan Adam) da Amurka (Yarjejeniyar Amurka akan Haƙƙin Dan Adam). An kafa wannan kwamiti bisa tsari, kuma ya samar da daftarin da aka amince da shi gaba daya a taron OAU na 18 da aka yi a watan Yunin shekarar 1981, a Nairobi, Kenya. Bisa ga doka ta 63 (inda zai fara aiki watanni uku bayan liyafar da babban sakatare janar na kayan aikin tabbatarwa ko kuma riko da rinjaye mai sauƙi) na ƙasashe membobin OAU), [1]Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan ɗan adam. Kuma yancin jama'a ya fara aiki ne a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba 1986- don girmama ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba a matsayin ranar 'yancin ɗan adam ta Afirka.[2]
Sa ido da fassarar Yarjejeniya aiki ne na Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Jama'a ta Afirka, wadda aka kafa a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba 1987 a birnin Addis Ababa na ƙasar Habasha kuma yanzu tana da hedikwata a Banjul na ƙasar Gambia. [3] Daga baya aka amince da wata yarjejeniya ta Yarjejeniya a shekarar 1998 inda za a kafa Kotu akan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'ar Afirka. Yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 2004.
A watan Yulin 2004, Majalisar AU ta yanke shawarar cewa za a shigar da ACHP cikin kotun shari'a ta Afirka. A watan Yulin 2005, Majalisar AU ta yanke shawarar cewa ACHP ta fara aiki duk da cewa yarjejeniyar da aka kafa kotun shari'ar Afirka ba ta fara aiki ba. Don haka, zaman taro na takwas na majalisar zartaswar kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka a birnin Khartoum na kasar Sudan, a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, ya zabi alkalai na farko na kotun kare hakkin bil'adama da al'ummar Afirka. Har yanzu ba a tantance dangantakar da ke tsakanin sabuwar Kotun da aka kafa da hukumar ba.
Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, jihohi 53 sun amince da Yarjejeniyar.[4]
Abun ciki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ta hada da gabatarwa, sassa 3, babi 4, da muƙaloli 63. Yarjejeniya ta kafa tsarin kare hakkin dan Adam na yanki ga Afirka. Yarjejeniya ta raba fasali da yawa tare da sauran kayan aikin yanki, amma kuma tana da fitattun halaye na musamman game da ƙa'idodin da ta gane da kuma tsarin sa ido. [5]
Gabatarwar ta ƙaddamar da kawar da Zionism, wanda ya kwatanta da mulkin mallaka da wariyar launin fata, [6] ya sa Afirka ta Kudu ta cancanci shiga 1996 tare da ajiyar cewa Yarjejeniyar ta fadi daidai da kudurorin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya "game da halayyar Sihiyoniya."[7]
Ka'idoji da ke ƙunshe a cikin Yarjejeniya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hakkokin jama'a da na siyasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarjejeniya ta amince da mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ɗaukar haƙƙoƙin farar hula da na siyasa. Haƙƙoƙin farar hula da na siyasa da aka amince da su a cikin Yarjejeniyar sun haɗa da 'yancin walwala daga wariya (Mataki na 2 da 18(3)), daidaito (Mataki na 3), amincin rayuwa da mutunci (Mataki na 4), mutunci (Mataki na 5), 'yanci daga bauta. (Sashe na 5), 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanci ko hukunci (Mataki na 5), haƙƙin mallaka ne (Mataki na 6), haƙƙin yin shari’a ta gaskiya (Mataki na 7 da 25), ’yancin yin addini Mataki na 8), 'yancin yin bayani da faɗar albarkacin baki (Mataki na 9), 'yancin yin tarayya (Mataki na 10), ' yancin yin taro (Mataki na 11), 'yancin motsi (Mataki na 12), 'yancin shiga siyasa (Mataki na 13), ' yancin yin takara. dukiya (Mataki na 14), da haƙƙin tsayayya (Mataki na 20).
Wasu malaman haƙƙin ɗan adam duk da haka suna ɗaukar nauyin Yarjejeniya kan wasu haƙƙoƙin farar hula da na siyasa da bai isa ba. Misali, haƙƙin keɓancewa ko haƙƙin haƙƙin tilastawa ko aiki na tilas ba a bayyana a sarari ba. Ana ɗaukar tanade-tanaden da suka shafi shari'a na gaskiya da shiga siyasa ba su cika ba bisa ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya. [5]
Hakkokin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarjejeniyar ta kuma amince da wasu haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, kuma gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar Yarjejeniyar ta ba da fifiko ga waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. Yarjejeniya ta amince da haƙƙin yin aiki (Mataki na 15), yancin samun lafiya (Mataki na 16), da haƙƙin ilimi (Mataki na 17). Ta hanyar shawarar da Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Afirka, SERAC v Nigeria (2001) ta yanke, an kuma fahimci Yarjejeniya ta ƙunshi 'yancin samun gidaje da ' yancin cin abinci a matsayin "a bayyane" a cikin Yarjejeniya, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da shi. tanadi akan haƙƙin rayuwa (Art. 4), haƙƙin lafiya (Art. 16) da haɓaka (Art. 22). [8]
Hakkokin jama'a da haqqoqin kungiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Baya ga amincewa da haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da aka ambata a sama da Yarjejeniya ta kuma amince da haƙƙoƙin gama kai ko na ƙungiya, ko haƙƙin jama'a da haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙarni na uku. Don haka Yarjejeniya ta amince da haƙƙin ƙungiya zuwa matakin da bai dace da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanki na Turai ko Inter-Amurka ba. Yarjejeniya ta ba da kariya ga iyali ta hanyar gwamnati (Mataki na 18), yayin da "mutane" suna da 'yancin daidaitawa (Mataki na 19), 'yancin yancin kai (Mataki na 20), na zubar da dukiyoyinsu da albarkatun kasa kyauta (Mataki na 18) 21), 'yancin samun ci gaba (Mataki na 22), 'yancin samun zaman lafiya da tsaro (Mataki na 23) da "yanayi mai gamsarwa gabaɗaya" (Mataki na 24).
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarjejeniya ba wai kawai tana ba da haƙƙoƙi ga daidaikun mutane da al'ummomi ba, har ma ya haɗa da ayyukan da ya rataya a wuyansu. Wadannan ayyuka suna kunshe a cikin doka ta 29 kuma sune kamar haka:
- Wajibi ne don kiyaye daidaituwar ci gaban iyali.
- Yin hidima ga al'ummar ƙasa ta hanyar sanya iyawar jiki da ta hankali a hidimarta.
- Kada a kawo cikas ga harkokin tsaron jihar.
- Don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa haɗin kai na zamantakewa da na ƙasa.
- Don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa 'yancin kai na ƙasa da cikakken yanki na ƙasar da ba da gudummawar kariyar ta.
- Yin aiki gwargwadon iyawa da cancantar mutum da kuma biyan haraji don amfanin al'umma.
- Don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa kyawawan dabi'un al'adun Afirka da kuma gaba ɗaya don ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ɗabi'a na al'umma.
- Don ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun iyawar mutum don haɓakawa da cimma nasarar haɗin kan Afirka.
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakki da Jin Dadin Yara
- Kotun Afirka akan Hakkokin Dan Adam da Jama'a
- Tarayyar Afirka
- Dokokin kare hakkin dan adam na duniya
- Maputo Protocol
- Jerin Haƙƙin Harshe a Tsarin Mulki (Afrika)
- Hakkokin harshe
- Kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 3379
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "African Charter on Human and People's Rights" (PDF). Organisation of African Unity. 1981. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-02. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
- ↑ "1: Resolution on the Celebration of an African Day of Human Rights / Resolutions / 5th Ordinary Session / ACHPR" . www.achpr.org . Retrieved 2018-01-17.
- ↑ "About ACHPR / ACHPR" . www.achpr.org . Retrieved 2018-01-17.
- ↑ "Ambf CMS" . Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2021-02-07.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Christof Heyns, the essentials of.
- ↑ African Charter on Human and Peoples's Rights, Preamble [1] Archived May 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights" . African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
- ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2008) "The Right to Food and Access to Natural Resources".