Yaren Bangala
| Bangala | |
|---|---|
| Ngala | |
| 'Yan asalin ƙasar | Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Kongo |
| Yankin | Gundumar Upper Uele |
| Masu magana | L2 (ƙididdigar da ba a san ta ba na "ƙananan") [1]: miliyan 3.5 (1991) [2] |
Nijar-Congo?
| |
| Lambobin harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | bxg
|
| Glottolog | bang1353
|
C30A[3]
| |
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Banaka ko Mɔnɔkɔ a bangála yare ne na Bantu da ake magana a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, ana kuma magana da shi a wasu sassan Sudan ta Kudu kuma har yanzu ana samun wasu masu magana a cikin matsanancin yammacin Uganda (misali, Arua, Koboko). Harshen 'yar'uwa ne na Lingala, mutane da ke da harsuna daban-daban suna amfani da shi azaman harshen magana. A cikin 1991 akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 3.5 masu magana da harshe na biyu. [4] Ana magana da shi a gabas da arewa maso gabashin yankin da ake magana da Lingala. A cikin Lingala, Bangala yana fassara zuwa "Mutanen Mongala". Wannan yana nufin mutanen da ke zaune a gefen Kogin Mongala. A duk fadin lardin Bas-Uele, masu magana da Bangala sun karɓi Lingala sosai.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da Lingala ya bazu gabas da arewa, an maye gurbin kalmominsa da yawa da harsuna na gida, kuma ya zama mafi yawan harsuna (harshe wanda ya haɗu da harsuka biyu ko fiye) kuma an rarraba shi azaman yare daban - Bangala . Kalmomin sun bambanta, dangane da yaren farko na masu magana.
[2] cikin shekarun 1980s, tare da shahara da karuwar wadatar Lingala a cikin kiɗa na zamani, matasa a cikin manyan ƙauyuka da garuruwa sun fara karɓar Lingala sosai har Bangala ta zama yare fiye da yare daban.
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Bangala, an maye gurbin kalmomin shida da bakwai (motoba, sambo) da kalmomin Swahili Sita da saba. Yawancin kalmomin Lingala an maye gurbinsu da kalmomi a cikin Swahili, Zande, wasu harsuna na gida, tare da Turanci (an samobilizi daga kalmar Turanci) kuma, ba shakka, Faransanci.
Ana amfani da aikatau "to be" daban-daban a cikin Bangala. Da ke ƙasa akwai kwatankwacin Lingala.
| Turanci | Lingala | Bangala |
|---|---|---|
| Ni ne | Ina | ngái azí (=ng'azí) |
| kai ne (singular) | Yana da | আয় azí (da kuma ozí) |
| shi ne | Aiki ne ya mutu | (Yana) Azí |
| shi ne | Yana da | (angó) azí |
| mu ne | tozali | ɓísú azí, wani lokacin: tazí, ba sau da yawa tozí |
| kai ne (jama'a) | Muna da | ɓinaya azí |
| su ne | Bazali | ɓu azí, wani lokacin: ɓazí |
Kalmomin aikatau ko-, ma'ana "zuwa" a cikin Lingala shine maimakon ku, kamar yadda yake a cikin Swahili, don haka "zama" a cikin Bangala shine kusara, ba kosala ba. Sauran kalmomin Bangala da yawa suna da sauti /u/ inda Lingala ke da sauti /o/, kamar ɓisu (ba biso - "mu") da mutu (ba moto - "mutum").
Takardun
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai tsoffin zane-zanen mishan da yawa, mafi yawansu daga ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, misali, Wtterwulghe (1899), MacKenzie (1910), Zuciya na Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka (1916), van Mol (1927). Koyaya, Bangala kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin waɗannan taƙaitaccen zane-zane ya canza a cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, saboda hulɗar harshe tare da yarukan Ubangian da yarukan Nilo-Sahara na arewa maso gabashin DR Congo. A halin yanzu, masu bincike daga Jami'ar Ghent, JGU Mainz da Goethe-Universität Frankfurt suna aiki a kan bayanin ilimin harshe na harshe.
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Bangala at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bangala language at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "e25" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ↑ Bangala language at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Bangala Swadesh jerin kalmomin ƙamus na asali (daga Wiktionary's Swadesh-list appendix)
- Jerin kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin Bangala
- Jerin kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin Lingala