Yaren Mien

Yaren Mien
'Yan asalin magana	820,000
Dangin harshen	Hmong–Mien (en) Mienic (en) Yaren Mien
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Chinese characters (en) da Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ium
Glottolog	iumi1238

harshen Iu Mien ( Iu Mien </link> , ium</link> ; Chinese: 勉語 or勉方言</link>; Thai </link> ) harshe ne da jama'ar Iu Mien ke magana a kasar Sin (inda ake la'akari da su a matsayin rukuni na al'ummar Yao ), Laos, Vietnam, Thailand da kuma, kwanan nan, Amurka a cikin kasashen waje. Kamar sauran harsunan Mien, tonal ne da monosyllab

Masana harsuna a kasar Sin sun dauki yaren da ake magana a Changdong, lardin Jinxiu Yao mai cin gashin kansa, na Guangxi a matsayin ma'auni. Wannan ma'auni kuma Iu Mien yana magana da shi a Yamma, duk da haka, saboda yawancin 'yan gudun hijira ne daga Laos, yarensu ya ƙunshi tasiri daga harsunan Lao da Thai.

Iu Mien yana da kamanceceniya 78% na lexical tare da Kim Mun (Lanten), 70% tare da Biao-Jiao Mien, da 61% tare da Dzao Min .

Rarraba yanki

A kasar Sin, ana magana da shi a cikin kananan hukumomi (Mao 2004: 302-303). Akwai masu magana 130,000 a lardin Hunan, da masu magana 400,000 a lardunan Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou da Jiangxi .

• Guangxi : Yangshuo , Lingui, Guanyang , Ziyuan , Xing'an , Longsheng, Gongcheng, Yongfu, Luzhai, Lipu, Mengshan , Pingle, Jinxiu , Yishan , Rong'an Napo, Lingyun, Tianlin, Cangwu, Hezhou, Fuchuan, Zhaoping, Fangcheng, Shangsi
• Guangdong : Yingde, Lechang, Shixing, Qujiang, Renhua, Wengyuan, Ruyuan, Liannan, Lianshan, Yangshan, Yangchun
• Yunnan : Hekou, Jinping, Honghe, Mengla, Malipo, Maguan, Gangan, Funing, Wenshan
• Guizhou : Rongjiang, Congjiang, Sandu, Danzhai, Leishan, Zhenfeng, Luodian
• Jiangxi : Quannan, Shanggao
• Hunan . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hakanan a cikin Garin Longzha (龙渣瑶族乡), gundumar Yanling

A Vietnam, mutanen Dao na Đại Bản, Tiểu Bản, Quần Chet, Ô Gang, Cóc Ngáng, da Cóc Mùn ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suna magana da yarukan Iu Mien.

Fassarar sauti

Consonants

Akwai wayoyi 31 da aka ambata a cikin Iu Mien. Siffar banbance-banbance na baƙaƙen Iu Mien shine kasancewar haƙora da na gefe marasa murya.

Wayoyin baki na Iu Mien (harshen da ba a sani ba)

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	sibilant
Nasal	voiced	m	n		ɲ	ŋ
	voiceless	m̥	n̥		ɲ̥	ŋ̊
M / </br> Haɗin kai	plain	p	t	t͡s	t͡ɕ	k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	t͡sʰ	t͡ɕʰ	kʰ
	voiceless	b	d	d͡z	d͡ʑ	ɡ
Mai sassautawa		f		s			h
Glide					j	w
Na gefe	voiced		l
	voiceless		l̥

1. Daidaitaccen tsarin rubutun Iu Mien baya wakiltar sautunan tsayawa ta hanyar da ta dace da alamun IPA, amma a maimakon haka yana amfani da misali ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ d ⟩, da ⟨ nd ⟩ don wakiltar /tʰ/, /t/, and /d/</link> . Wannan na iya samo asali ne daga yunƙurin ƙirar tsarin rubutun Iu Mien akan Pinyin (wanda ake amfani da shi don wakiltar Sinanci na Mandarin ), inda ⟨ t ⟩ da ⟨ d ⟩ wakiltar /tʰ/ and /t/</link> . Hakanan ana ganin tasirin Pinyin a cikin amfani da ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ ⟩, da ⟨ ⟩ don wakiltar alveolar affricates /t͡sʰ/, /t͡s/, and /d͡z/</link> da ⟨ ⟩ ⟨ j ⟩, da ⟨ nj ⟩ ga postalveolar affricates /t͡ɕʰ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/</link> . Amfani da ⟨ ng ⟩ don wakilcin hancin maras /ŋ/</link> yana nufin cewa ba za a iya amfani da shi don wakiltar /ɡ/</link> , kamar yadda za a yi annabta; a maimakon haka, ⟨ nq ⟩ ana amfani da shi.
2. A cewar Aumann da Chengqian, a cikin wani yare na Sinanci, haɗin gwiwar postalveolar maimakon palatal tasha ne (/cʰ/, /c/, /ɟ/).
3. A cewar Daniel Bruhn, hancin mara murya a zahiri jeri ne [h̃m], [h̃n], [h̃ŋ], and [h̃ɲ]</link> (watau gajeriyar hanci /h/ sannan mai sautin hanci), yayin da gefen da ba shi da murya a haƙiƙanin gogayya ce mara murya [ɬ]</link> .
4. Bruhn ya kuma lura cewa ƙanana Iu Mien Amirkawa sun fi dacewa su maye gurbin hanci mara murya da ɓangarorin da ba su da murya tare da /h/ da alveolo-palatal affricates tare da daidaitattun bambance-bambancen palato-alveolar .