Yaren Sankethi
Yaren Sankethi | |
---|---|
| |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog |
sank1249 [1] |
Sankethi (wani lokacin ana rubuta Sanketi), yare ne na Kudancin Dravidian wanda ke da alaƙa da Kannada da Tamil . Wani lokaci ana ɗaukar shi yaren Kannada ko Tamil, amma akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa waɗanda ke sa ba a fahimta ga masu magana da harsuna biyu ba. tasiri mai karfi daga Kannada (musamman a cikin tsarin magana), da kuma aro daga Sanskrit. An fi magana da shi a Karnataka, Indiya ta Mutanen Sankethi, waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Sengottai a Tamilnadu.
Harshen galibi ana rubuta shi a cikin Rubutun Kannada. Koyaya, Sankethi (musamman a cikin nau'in magana) yana da mafi girman mita na tarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin fiye da ƙwayoyin biyu da ƙwayoyi. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala a rubuta a cikin rubutun Kannada, wanda zai buƙaci haruffa da yawa da aka yi amfani da su. A sakamakon haka, Sankethi ba a samun sa a cikin bugawa ko kowane nau'in rubutu, kuma ba shi da wani nau'i mai daidaitawa.
Akwai manyan yaruka guda uku na yaren Sankethi: Kaushika, Bettadpura da Lingadahalli, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da manyan al'ummomin Sankethi guda uku da ke Karnataka. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan yarukan duk suna cikin sprachbund wanda ya haɗa da ba kawai Kannada ba har ma da Tulu, saboda ƙauyukan Sankethi suna cikin yankin Malnad. Kamar yadda Sankethi ba shi da tsari mai daidaituwa, yana iya zama da wahala a tantance abin da "gaskiya" harshe da siffofin Sankethi suke, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin wallafe-wallafen H.S. Ananthanaryana da Kikkeri Narayana. Harshen harshe da siffofin ma'ana na Kannada sune waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su cikin Sankethi, kamar yadda yawancin Sankethis suna da harsuna biyu a cikin Kannada.
Fasahar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sankethi phonology yayi kama da Kannada da Tamil, tare da Sanskrit na gargajiya da retroflex na gefe wanda ke da alaƙa da yawancin harsunan Dravidian. Kamar wasu 'yan harsunan Kudancin Indiya ciki har da Konkani, Marathi, da Saurashtra, yaren yana da wasu 'yan burin da ba a saba gani ba: [ʋh], [nh], da [ʃh], kodayake duka biyun galibi suna bayyana a cikin siffofin su. Sau da yawa ana nuna kasancewarsa ta kasancewar sautuna masu tsawo, da kuma syllable a ƙarshe (inda sau da yawa ake palatalized a wannan matsayi). Dubi tebur da ke ƙasa don kewayon ƙwayoyin Sankethi.
Labari | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Gishiri | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hanci | fili | Ya yi am da shi sosaiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | n̪'a da aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | ƘetareYanayinSanya | Tun daga wannan lokacinYanayinSanya | ŋ kamata a yi amfani da shiYanayinSanya | ||||||||
da ake nema | n̪'a cikin haruffaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | |||||||||||||
Dakatar da | fili | Yin amfani p shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Tin TinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Sunan t̪ ake kiraYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | d̪ kamata a yi la'akari da shiYa ƙunshiSanya | Tun da kumaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Saboda haka, ya fi sonYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | t͡ʃ ya yi aikiYanayinSanya | d͡ʒ da ke cikinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | k da ya shafiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Yankin ɡ ya shafiSanya | |||
da ake nema | Bayani ph yawaYa shafiSanya | Bɦ zama hakaSanya ta | t̪h hanyar da ta shafiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | d̪ɦ cikin wannan yanayinSanya | Siffar da ta shafiSanya | Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Hasumiyar TsaroYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | significative ne a cikinYanayinSanya | Rubuce-rubuceYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Shi ɡɦ kumaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | ||||
Fricative | s̪ dan kasaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | __hau__ ʂ yi amfani da shi a matsayinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Rubuce-rubuceYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | h.Ya kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | ||||||||||
da ake nema | Rubuce-rubuce ʃh TuranciSanya | |||||||||||||
Kusanci | tsakiya | Ya kamata a yi magana game da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | j yi wasa da kumaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | |||||||||||
da ake nema | Sunan magana da yawunSanya | |||||||||||||
gefen | l cikin shekara ta 2000Ya kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | Wannan shi ne abin da ya faruYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya | ||||||||||||
Rhotic | SashenSanya |
Sautin Sankethi suna da kama da sautin Tamil da Kannada:
Sautin sautin | ISO 15919 | IPA |
---|---|---|
Yana da | a | [Zuwa] |
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi | ā | [An samo asali ne daga wannan] |
Bayani | i | [i] |
Hanyoyin da aka samu | ī | [iː] |
Jisk | u | [u], [ɯ] |
Yahudawa | ū | [uː] |
Tun da daɗewa | e | [da kuma] |
Yaro da kuma | ē | [eː] |
Yarda da kuma | ai | [ʌj] |
নাম | o | [o] |
Ayyuka | ō | [oː] |
Yankewa | au | [ʌʋ] |
A cikin Sankethi, wasu sunayen da suka ƙare a cikin নাম (o) suna da sautin hanci na ƙarshe, wanda ba a nuna shi da anusvāra ba lokacin da aka rubuta shi. Wannan ya fi yawa a cikin yaren Lingadahalli.
Kalmomin kalmomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da ke ƙasa akwai tebur da ke kwatanta wasu kalmomi na asali a cikin Sankethi, Kannada, Tamil da Thigala.
Sankethi | Kannada | Tamil | Thigala | Turanci |
Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "palyu" | Don haka za a yi amfani da shi | Sai kuma 'yan ta'adda | Don haka za a yi amfani da shi | kayan lambu da aka dafa / an dafa su |
Ya girma (karu) | Zaben ba da izini ba | Farãsi da Farãsi | Zaben ba da izini ba | burodi / miya |
Yanayi da ya fi dacewa | Milky (mosaru) | Ma'anar Ma'anar (Thaifin) | Yanayi da ya fi dacewa | curd / yogurt |
Ƙara ta ƙasa (mōru) | Tun da yake akwai ikon yin amfani da shi | Tushen (mōr) | Ƙara ta ƙasa (mōru) | madara |
Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari | Tsanani (bhatta) | Sai a yi amfani da shi | Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari | shinkafa da ba a shayar da ita ba |
Sannu a cikin wannan | Shin da haka | Harka da kuma harka | Sannu a cikin wannan | shinkafa da ba a dafa ba |
Ayyuka na yau da kullun | Da'a (anna) | Ya kamata ya yi hakan a matsayin mai ba da izini | shinkafa da aka dafa | |
Nasara (tēnu) | Ya bayyana a matsayin (jēnina tuppa) | Ayyuka | Nasara (tēnu) | zuma |
Shi ne za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin | Ayyuka masu yawa | Supu ya yi girma | Shiga yin aiki (vaṇ) | man shanu |
Tashin hankali | Bayyanawa (tuppa) | Niru (ney) | ghee | |
Ma'auni da aka yi amfani da shi | Halin da ya dace | Samfurori da suka yi | Jaggery | |
Ƙarfin da za a iya amfani da shi | Har ila yau, har ila yau, | Har ila yau, ya kasance mai laushi | turmeric | |
Tunanin (parpu) | Tunanin ya yi | Taron da aka yi | lentil | |
N'aurar da ke cikin mu'aurar | Kunni (nadi) | Tunatarwa, [Nuna da] | kogin |
Shirye-shiryen samar da kalma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ɗaya daga cikin siffofi na musamman na Sankethi shine amfani da kalmomi da tsarin asalin Sanskrit da Dravidian don samar da sababbin kalmomi. Binciken da H.S. Ananthanarayana ya yi ya ba da cikakken bayani game da dabarun samar da suna a Sankethi .
-gwanin - "cike da" (misali)
Harshen harshe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunaye
Harshen Sankethi yayi kama da na yawancin sauran harsunan Dravidian, tare da lokuta shida: mai suna (marasa alama), mai zargi, mai amfani da kayan aiki, mai amfani, mai amfani. Ba cikakkiyar aiki ba ce, kuma ba duk sunayen suna da nau'i daban ba, kuma saboda haka ba a haɗa su cikin jerin gargajiya ba. Harshen da ke ƙasa ya shafi yaren Kaushika.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Sankethi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.