Yaren Sankethi

Sankethi (wani lokacin ana rubuta Sanketi) yare ne na Kudancin Dravidian wanda ke da alaƙa da Kannada da Tamil . Wani lokaci ana ɗaukar shi yaren Kannada ko Tamil, amma akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa waɗanda ke sa ba a fahimta ga masu magana da harsuna biyu ba. tasiri mai karfi daga Kannada (musamman a cikin tsarin magana), da kuma aro daga Sanskrit. An fi magana da shi a Karnataka, Indiya ta Mutanen Sankethi, waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Sengottai a Tamilnadu.

Harshen galibi ana rubuta shi a cikin Rubutun Kannada. Koyaya, Sankethi (musamman a cikin nau'in magana) yana da mafi girman mita na tarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin fiye da ƙwayoyin biyu da ƙwayoyi. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala a rubuta a cikin rubutun Kannada, wanda zai buƙaci haruffa da yawa da aka yi amfani da su. A sakamakon haka, Sankethi ba a samun sa a cikin bugawa ko kowane nau'in rubutu, kuma ba shi da wani nau'i mai daidaitawa.

Akwai manyan yaruka guda uku na yaren Sankethi: Kaushika, Bettadpura da Lingadahalli, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da manyan al'ummomin Sankethi guda uku da ke Karnataka. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan yarukan duk suna cikin sprachbund wanda ya haɗa da ba kawai Kannada ba har ma da Tulu, saboda ƙauyukan Sankethi suna cikin yankin Malnad. Kamar yadda Sankethi ba shi da tsari mai daidaituwa, yana iya zama da wahala a tantance abin da "gaskiya" harshe da siffofin Sankethi suke, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin wallafe-wallafen H.S. Ananthanaryana da Kikkeri Narayana. Harshen harshe da siffofin ma'ana na Kannada sune waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su cikin Sankethi, kamar yadda yawancin Sankethis suna da harsuna biyu a cikin Kannada.

Fasahar sauti

Sankethi phonology yayi kama da Kannada da Tamil, tare da Sanskrit na gargajiya da retroflex na gefe wanda ke da alaƙa da yawancin harsunan Dravidian. Kamar wasu 'yan harsunan Kudancin Indiya ciki har da Konkani, Marathi, da Saurashtra, yaren yana da wasu 'yan burin da ba a saba gani ba: [ʋh], [nh], da [ʃh], kodayake duka biyun galibi suna bayyana a cikin siffofin su. Sau da yawa ana nuna kasancewarsa ta kasancewar sautuna masu tsawo, da kuma syllable a ƙarshe (inda sau da yawa ake palatalized a wannan matsayi). Dubi tebur da ke ƙasa don kewayon ƙwayoyin Sankethi.

		Labari		Dental		Alveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Gishiri
Hanci	fili	Ya yi am da shi sosaiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya		n̪'a da aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya				ƘetareYanayinSanya		Tun daga wannan lokacinYanayinSanya		ŋ kamata a yi amfani da shiYanayinSanya
	da ake nema			n̪'a cikin haruffaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Dakatar da	fili	Yin amfani p shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Tin TinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Sunan t̪ ake kiraYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	d̪ kamata a yi la'akari da shiYa ƙunshiSanya			Tun da kumaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Saboda haka, ya fi sonYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	t͡ʃ ya yi aikiYanayinSanya	d͡ʒ da ke cikinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	k da ya shafiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Yankin ɡ ya shafiSanya
	da ake nema	Bayani ph yawaYa shafiSanya	Bɦ zama hakaSanya ta	t̪h hanyar da ta shafiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	d̪ɦ cikin wannan yanayinSanya			Siffar da ta shafiSanya	Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Hasumiyar TsaroYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	significative ne a cikinYanayinSanya	Rubuce-rubuceYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Shi ɡɦ kumaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Fricative				s̪ dan kasaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya				__hau__ ʂ yi amfani da shi a matsayinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya		Rubuce-rubuceYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya				h.Ya kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
	da ake nema									Rubuce-rubuce ʃh TuranciSanya
Kusanci	tsakiya	Ya kamata a yi magana game da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya								j yi wasa da kumaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
	da ake nema	Sunan magana da yawunSanya
	gefen					l cikin shekara ta 2000Ya kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya		Wannan shi ne abin da ya faruYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Rhotic						SashenSanya

Sautin Sankethi suna da kama da sautin Tamil da Kannada:

Sautin sautin	ISO 15919	IPA
Yana da	a	[Zuwa]
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi	ā	[An samo asali ne daga wannan]
Bayani	i	[i]
Hanyoyin da aka samu	ī	[iː]
Jisk	u	[u], [ɯ]
Yahudawa	ū	[uː]
Tun da daɗewa	e	[da kuma]
Yaro da kuma	ē	[eː]
Yarda da kuma	ai	[ʌj]
নাম	o	[o]
Ayyuka	ō	[oː]
Yankewa	au	[ʌʋ]

A cikin Sankethi, wasu sunayen da suka ƙare a cikin নাম (o) suna da sautin hanci na ƙarshe, wanda ba a nuna shi da anusvāra ba lokacin da aka rubuta shi. Wannan ya fi yawa a cikin yaren Lingadahalli.

Kalmomin kalmomi

Da ke ƙasa akwai tebur da ke kwatanta wasu kalmomi na asali a cikin Sankethi, Kannada, Tamil da Thigala.

Sankethi	Kannada	Tamil	Thigala	Turanci
Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "palyu"	Don haka za a yi amfani da shi	Sai kuma 'yan ta'adda	Don haka za a yi amfani da shi	kayan lambu da aka dafa / an dafa su
Ya girma (karu)	Zaben ba da izini ba	Farãsi da Farãsi	Zaben ba da izini ba	burodi / miya
Yanayi da ya fi dacewa	Milky (mosaru)	Ma'anar Ma'anar (Thaifin)	Yanayi da ya fi dacewa	curd / yogurt
Ƙara ta ƙasa (mōru)	Tun da yake akwai ikon yin amfani da shi	Tushen (mōr)	Ƙara ta ƙasa (mōru)	madara
Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari	Tsanani (bhatta)	Sai a yi amfani da shi	Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai ba da labari	shinkafa da ba a shayar da ita ba
Sannu a cikin wannan	Shin da haka	Harka da kuma harka	Sannu a cikin wannan	shinkafa da ba a dafa ba
Ayyuka na yau da kullun	Da'a (anna)	Ya kamata ya yi hakan a matsayin mai ba da izini		shinkafa da aka dafa
Nasara (tēnu)	Ya bayyana a matsayin (jēnina tuppa)	Ayyuka	Nasara (tēnu)	zuma
Shi ne za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin	Ayyuka masu yawa	Supu ya yi girma	Shiga yin aiki (vaṇ)	man shanu
Tashin hankali	Bayyanawa (tuppa)	Niru (ney)		ghee
Ma'auni da aka yi amfani da shi	Halin da ya dace	Samfurori da suka yi		Jaggery
Ƙarfin da za a iya amfani da shi	Har ila yau, har ila yau,	Har ila yau, ya kasance mai laushi		turmeric
Tunanin (parpu)	Tunanin ya yi	Taron da aka yi		lentil
N'aurar da ke cikin mu'aurar	Kunni (nadi)	Tunatarwa, [Nuna da]		kogin

Shirye-shiryen samar da kalma

Ɗaya daga cikin siffofi na musamman na Sankethi shine amfani da kalmomi da tsarin asalin Sanskrit da Dravidian don samar da sababbin kalmomi. Binciken da H.S. Ananthanarayana ya yi ya ba da cikakken bayani game da dabarun samar da suna a Sankethi .

-gwanin - "cike da" (misali)

Harshen harshe

Sunaye

Harshen Sankethi yayi kama da na yawancin sauran harsunan Dravidian, tare da lokuta shida: mai suna (marasa alama), mai zargi, mai amfani da kayan aiki, mai amfani, mai amfani. Ba cikakkiyar aiki ba ce, kuma ba duk sunayen suna da nau'i daban ba, kuma saboda haka ba a haɗa su cikin jerin gargajiya ba. Harshen da ke ƙasa ya shafi yaren Kaushika.