Yaren Tooro
Tooro (/tɔːrOʊ/) ko Rutooro (//ruːˈtɔːrOʊ//, Orutooro, [oɾutóːɾo]) yare ne na Bantu wanda yawancin Mutanen Tooro (Abatooro) ke magana daga Masarautar Tooro a yammacin Uganda. Akwai manyan yankuna uku inda ake amfani da Tooro a matsayin yare: Gundumar Kabarole, Gundumar Kyenjojo da Gundumar Kyegegwa. Tooro [1] musamman ne tsakanin Harsunan Bantu saboda ba shi da sautin ƙamus. Yana da alaƙa da Runyoro.
Fasahar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tooro yana da gajerun wasula 5 da kuma wasula masu tsawo 5. Har ila yau, yana da 3 diphthongs.
| A gaba | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] | u[lower-alpha 1] |
| Tsakanin Tsakiya | da kuma | o |
| Bude | a | |
- ↑ /i/ and /u/ can devoice between two voiceless consonants or word-finally (e.g. okutu [okú̥tu̥] "ear"). /i/ is often interchangeable with /u/ dialectally (e.g. enyima/enyuma "underside").
- ↑ /i/ can optionally be centralised to /ɨ/, especially when adjacent to /u/ (e.g. omumiro [omumɨ́ɾo] "throat").
Sautin hanci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin da ke biye da tarin hanci suna yawan zama nasalised, har ma da cewa ba a ji ma'anar hanci ba (misali Abakonjo [aβak Tianːnd͡ʒo] "Mutanen Konjo"). : xiv
Tsawon sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Za'a iya tsawaita sautin a cikin waɗannan mahallin: : xv-xvii: xv–xvii
- Tsawon biyan kuɗi sakamakon tsari (misali o-mu-ána → [omwáːna] "yaro")
- Idan wasula ta biyu ba ta da sautin sauti amma wani ɓangare na kalma, wasula ta farko tana da rabin tsawo (misali o-mu-ana wange → "ɗan ni"]
- Wata wasali mai sautin ta zo ne a gaban tarin ma'anar inda ma'anar farko ta kasance ta hanci (misali omugongo [omugóːŋgo] "baya").
- Idan sautin sautin sa ya bi tarin sautin, sautin ba a tsawaita shi ba (misali [omwénda] " (ɗaya na) tara").
- Idan wasula ba ta da sautin sauti amma wani ɓangare na kalma, wasula ta biyu tana da rabin tsawo (misali omugongo gumu [omugoŋgo gúmu] "ɗaya a baya")
- Kalmar tana bin tsarin VCV (inda C = consonant da V = wasali) kuma wasali na farko yana da sautin da ya fi girma (misali enu [éːnu] "wannan (aji 9) ")
- Idan kalmar ta bi tsarin (C) VCVCV kuma wasali na biyu yana da sautin sama, wasali na farko yana da rabin tsawo (misali omubu [ooşmu] "sauro"
- Sautin guda biyu a kusa da juna (misali a-ba-ana → [abáːna] "yara")
- Sautin sautin biyu a jere inda ba a ga ɗaya daga cikinsu a farfajiyar saboda yaduwar sautin (an sauke sautin farko) (misali ni-a-kir-a → [naːkíɾa] "yana warkewa")
- Tsawon ba ya amfani da mummunan abu ti-, amma saukewa yana yin (misali ti-o-kozire → [tokozíɾe] "ku (sg.) ba ku yi aiki")
- Imbrication, musamman inda ma'anar -ir guda biyu ke kusa da juna kuma an sauke /ɾ/ na farko (misali n-jwah-ir-ire → [nd͡ʒwahiːɾe] "Na gaji da wata hanya")
- Wata wasali ta zo ne a gaban sassan hanci guda biyu a jere (misali oku-n-noba → [okuːnóba] "don kada ka so ni (inf.)
Takaitaccen sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana taƙaita sautin dogon lokaci na ƙarshe, sai dai idan suna cikin sashi na ƙarshe na kalma mai suna. A sakamakon haka, sautin karshe mai tsawo a cikin obuso "gaban" da sautin karshe na tsawon lokaci a cikin omutwe "kai" an taƙaita su a ware amma an tsawaita su bayan mai cancanta guda ɗaya (obuso bwe [oβusóː βwe] "gashinsa / goshinsa"; omutwe gwe [omutwéː gwe] "kansa / kanta"). : xiv
Tooro yana 3 diphthongs, /ai/, /oi/ da /au/, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ne kawai a cikin kalmomi 3, 2 suna kasancewa kalmomin aro na Turanci (autu "mai na dafa kayan lambu", etauni < Eng. "birni", etaulo < Eng.:: xviii A wasu yaruka, ana kiran /ai/ a matsayin [ei]. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span>]