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Abdulƙadir Gilani

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Abdulƙadir Gilani
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Amol (en) Fassara, 17 ga Maris, 1078
ƙasa Daular Abbasiyyah
Mutuwa Bagdaza, 14 ga Faburairu, 1166
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Abu Saleh
Yare Banu Hashim
Karatu
Harsuna Larabci
Malamai Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi (en) Fassara
Ibn Aqil (en) Fassara
Ɗalibai
Sana'a
Sana'a maiwaƙe, Islamic jurist (en) Fassara da Sufi (mul) Fassara
Muhimman ayyuka Futuh al-Ghayb (en) Fassara
Al-Ghunya li-ṭālibī ṭarīq al-ḥaqq (en) Fassara
Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniyya (en) Fassara
Fafutuka Ƙadiriya
Imani
Addini Musulunci
Mabiya Sunnah

Abdul ƙadir Jelani (Persian: عبدالقادر گیلاني, romanized: 'Abdulqadir Gīlānī, Larabci: عبد القادر الجيلاني, romanized: ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī), shugaban Sufi, mai wa'azi, kuma mai wa'azin Qadiriyya ne, ya kasance babban malamin mazhaban Hambaliyya wanda daga shi ne aka samo Darikan Kadiriyya. daya daga cikin tsofaffin daruruwan Sufaye[1]

An haife shi a shekara ta 1077 ko 1078 a garin Na'if, Rezvanshahr a Gilan, Farisa, kuma ya rasu a shekara ta 1166 a Bagadaza.[2][3]

Suna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mai girma Muhiyudin yana nuni da matsayinsa da Sufaye da yawa a matsayin “mai raya addini”[4]. Gilani (Larabci al-Jilani) yana nufin wurin da aka haife shi, Gilan[5][6]. Duk da haka, Gilani kuma ya ɗauki tambarin Baghdadi, yana nufin mazauninsa da binne shi a Bagadaza da akayi. An kuma san shi da Gauth Al-Azam[7][8].

Asali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Gilani a shekara ta 1077 ko kuma a shekara ta 1078. Duk da shahararsa, babu tabbas a tarihinsa[1]. Mahaifinsa (ko watakila kakansa) yana da sunan Iran na Jangi Dust, [1][9] wanda ke nuna cewa Gilani na Farisa ne. Nisba nasa yana nufin "daga Gilan", wani yanki na Iran da ke kudu maso yammacin gabar tekun Caspian[1].

A lokacin zamansa a birnin Bagadaza, ana kiran Gilani ajami (wanda ba balarabe ba), wanda a cewar Bruce Lawrence yana iya zama saboda yana jin Farisa tare da Larabci[9]. A cewar al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira na ɗan tarihi na ƙarni na 15 Ibn Taghribirdi (ya rasu a shekara ta 1470), an haifi Gilani a Jil a ƙasar Iraqi, amma ɗan tarihin Faransa Jacqueline Chabbi ya tambayi wannan labarin[1]. Masana tarihi na zamani (ciki har da Lawrence) sunyi la'akari da cewa an haifi Gilani a Gilan.[9] [10] [11] Daga nan yankin ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa na siyasa kuma ya rabu tsakanin sarakunan gida daga dangi daban-daban.[12]

Ana da’awar Gilani zuriyar jikan Muhammad Hasan bn Ali ne; wannan da'awar gaba daya al'ummar musulmi ce, ciki har da Kadiriyya[1]. Lawrence ya ga wannan da'awar bai dace da asalin Farisa na Gilani ba, kuma yana ganin cewa "masu kishin hagiographers ne suka gano shi."[9]

Karatu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gilani ya yi ƙuruciyarsa a Gilan, lardin haihuwarsa. A 1095, ya tafi Baghdad. A nan ne ya ci gaba da karatun shari’ar Hanbali a karkashin Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi da ibn Aqil[13][14]. Ya karanta hadisi wurin Abu Muhammad Ja’afar al-Sarraj[14]. Malaminsa na sufanci shi ne Abul-Khair Hammad bn Muslim al-Dabbas.[15] Bayan kammala karatunsa, Gilani ya bar Bagadaza. Ya shafe shekaru ashirin da biyar yana yawo a cikin sahara na Iraki.[16]

Makarantar shari'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gilani ya kasance na mazhabar Shafi'iyya da Hanbali. Ya sanya fikihu Shafi’i (fiqhu) daidai da mazhabar Hanbali (mazhabbah), kuma ya kasance yana bayar da fatawa a kan dukkansu a lokaci guda. Don haka ne ma al-Nawawi ya yabe shi a cikin littafinsa mai suna Bustan al-Arifin (Garden of the Spiritual Masters), yana mai cewa:

Ba mu taba sanin wanda ya fi Sheikh Muhyi al-Din Abdulkadir al-Gilani na Bagadaza daraja ba, shehin Shafi’iyya da Hanbaliyya a Bagadaza[17].

Bayan rayuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekarar 1127, Gilani ya koma Bagadaza ya fara wa'azi ga jama'a.[3] Ya shiga aikin koyarwa na makarantar malaminsa, al-Mazkhzoomi, kuma ya shahara da dalibai. Da safe yana karantar da hadisi da tafsiri, da rana kuma ya gabatar da jawabai a kan ilimin zuciya da falalar alqur'ani. An ce shi malami ne mai gamsarwa wanda ya musuluntar da Yahudawa da Kirista da yawa kuma ya hada sufanci da shari’ar Musulunci.[3]

Mutuwa da binnewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Al-Gilani ya rasu a shekara ta 1166 kuma an binne shi a Bagadaza. Ranar 11 ga Rabi'ul Thani ne ake gudanar da sallarsa (wafatin wafatin Sufaye) a al'adance.[9]

A zamanin Safavid Shah Ismail I, an ruguza wurin ibadar Gilani[18]. Sai dai a shekara ta 1535, Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya, Suleiman Mai Girma, ya gina wata qubba a bisa harami.[19]

Tasiri

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Shaykh Abdulkadir Jilani ya musuluntar da dubban mutane ta hanyar tausayawa da hada kai wajen tsarkake ciki da ibada ga Allah. Ƙaddamar da ya ba da muhimmanci ga tsarkakewa na ciki, ƙauna na Allah, da rayuwa ta ɗabi'a sun ji daɗi sosai tare da mutane da yawa, suna jawo mabiya daga sassa daban-daban.[20]. Daya daga cikin manya-manyan gudunmawar da Shaihu Abdulkadir Jilani ya bayar ita ce kafa Madrasah al-Qadiriyya a Bagadaza. Wannan cibiya ta zama cibiyar koyar da ilimin addinin musulunci da ruhi, inda ta jawo dalibai daga yankuna daban-daban. Manhajojin sun hada da karatun Alkur’ani, Hadisi, Fikihu (Fikihu) da Tasawwuf (Sufanci) da bayar da cikakkiyar tarbiyya ta addini[21]. Tasirin Shaihu Abdulkadir Jilani ya kai ga shugabannin siyasa da na soja na zamaninsa. Koyarwarsa ta zaburar da masu mulki su rungumi tsarin mulki na adalci da da’a. Fitattun mutane kamar su Nur ad-Din Zangi da Salahuddin Ayyubi sun shahara wajen mutuntawa da bin ka'idojin da Shaihu ya yi umarni da su, wadanda suka taimaka wajen gyarawa da samun nasarorin da suka samu[22].

Littattafai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets of the Unseen)
  • Jila' al-Khatir (The Purification of heart)
  • Ghunyat al-Ṭalibeen (also spelled as : Ghunya- tuṭ-ṭalibeen) (Treasure for Seekers)  غنیہ الطالیبین[23]
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Concise Description of Jannah & Jahannam[24]
  • The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)
    Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chabbi, Jacqueline (2009). "ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
  2. ↑ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69; "authorities are unanimous in stating that he was a Persian from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of the Caspian Sea."
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani at the Encyclopædia Britann
  4. ↑ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
  5. ↑ Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  6. ↑ The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  7. ↑ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. ISBN 0-19-564862-5 ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
  8. ↑ Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Lawrence 1982, pp. 132–133.
  10. ↑ Anwar, E. (2009). "Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.
  11. ↑ Jonathan, Allen; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (2014). "`Abd al-Qadir al Jilani (Gilani)". Oxford Bibliographies. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195390155-0100.
  12. ↑ Madelung, Wilferd (2001). "Gīlān iv. History in the Early Islamic Period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume X/6: Germany VI–Gindaros. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 634–635. ISBN 978-0-933273-55-9. pp 634-635.
  13. ↑ Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 4. ISBN 9781438126968.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Gibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (1986). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I (A-B) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 69. ISBN 978-9004081147.
  15. ↑ Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243. ISBN 0195305035
  16. ↑ Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160. ISBN 0199757267.
  17. ↑ 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 January 2019). Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani [in Arabic] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).
  18. ↑ A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
  19. ↑ W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 70.
  20. ↑ Renard, John (2004). Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Press (published July 1, 2004). pp. 202–205. ISBN 978-0809140305.
  21. ↑ Algar, Hamid (1999). Sufism: Principles & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, 1999). pp. 103–106. ISBN 978-1889999029.
  22. ↑ W. Ernst, Carl (1997). The Shambhala Guide to Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, 1997). pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-1570621802.
  23. ↑ Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (1997). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Sufi views (in Arabic). Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p. 133.
  24. ↑ "A concise description of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of paradise and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Truth (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)". WorldCat.org. Retrieved 2022-11-03.
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