Kimiyya
 kimiya | |
|---|---|
branch of science (en)  , academic discipline (en) , academic major (en) , field of study (en) da specialty (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
physical sciences (en) |
| Suna saboda |
alchemy (en) |
| Wanda yake bi |
alchemy (en) |
| Is the study of (en) |
chemical compound (en) , group or class of chemical substances (en) , chemical element (en) da Abubuwan sunadarai |
| Hashtag (en) | chemistry |
| Has characteristic (en) |
branch of chemistry (en) da chemical nomenclature (en) |
| Tarihin maudu'i |
history of chemistry (en) |
| Gudanarwan |
chemist (en) da chemistry student (en) |
| Entry in abbreviations table (en) | kimya. |
| Stack Exchange site URL (en) | https://chemistry.stackexchange.com |
Kimiyya, wani ilimi ne dake dauka da nazartar abubuwan, dabi'a da suke kewaye da Dan Adam.[1] Ilimin ya dogara kan wasu matakan gano hakikar abubuwa, ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje da ake kira da "experiment" a turance.[2] Masana kimiyya na lura da yadda dabi'a ke tafiya a sararin duniya ta hanyar lura, dandano, ji, gani ko shinshina. Dakin da ake gwaje-gwajen kimiyya shi ake kira da "laboratory"[3] a turance. Kimiyya ta rabu gida daban-daban amma tushen sa ya haka da kuma.
ilimin rayuwa da ake kira da Biology, ilimin Fiziks da kuma ilimin Kemistiri. Akwai ilimai da yawa da suka fita daga karkashin Kimiyya kamar na sararin samaniya da ake kira da "Cosmology", na taurari da kume ake kira da "Astronomy", da kuma na kana nun abubuwa da ake kira da "Quantum Mechanics", da dai sauran su.
Akwai kuma wasu iliman da suke dan ganta kansu da kimiyya saboda suna kwatanta yadda kimiyyar ke aiki a tsarin binciken su. Irin wadannan ilimai sun haɗu a bangaren da ake kira Kimiyyar Jama'a (Social Science) kamar Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki (wadda take daban a ayyukkan tattalin arziki), Kimiyyar siyasa (Political Science) da kuma ilimin halayyar jama'a (Sociology). Wadannan ilimai ana kiran su da Kimiyya ne, saboda suna kokarin nazartar rayuwar dan Adam ko jama'a, kuma su fitar da nazura da su ke kokarin sharhi na musamman kan dalilin da ya kuma sanya wani abu ke faruwa a cikin jama'a.[4]
Fanni ne na ilimi mai kula da abubuwa kamar ruwa, iska, daskararren abu, da dai sauran su. Kimiya na sarrafa wadannan abubuwan dan kera wadan su. Duk abubuwan da muke amfani da su, kamar lantarki, roba, mai, takalmi, Mota, keke, jirgi duk ana sarrafasu ne daga kimiya. Wato kimiyya fanni ne na sani, wanda ya shafi garwaye-garwaye na abubuwa ingantattu. Kalmar “Kimiyya” asalin ta kalmar Larabci ce – daga “Al-Kimiyya” - kuma tana da ma’anoni guda biyu, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, watau daya daga cikin kamus din Larabci na zamani. Kamus din yace: “Malaman da, ko magabata, suna amfani da wannan kalma ne don nufin canza nau’in ma’adanai daga wani nau’in zuwa wani.” Idan kuma suka ce “Ilimin Kimiyya”, suna nufin “...ilimin sanin yadda ake zagwanyar da sinadaran karkashin kasa ne, don samar da wani nau’in daban (musamman don mayar da su zinare).” to Amma a wajen Malaman Zamani, a Larabce idan aka ce “Kimiyya”, in ji wannan kamus, yana nufin: “...ilimin binciken wani fanni (musamman na karkashin kasa) mai dauke da dokoki (ko ka’idojin) da ke taimakawa wajen fahimtar tsarin sa.” (Mu’ujamul Waseet, shafi na dari takwas da arba'in da hudu 844).
Wannan kalma ta Kimiyya ita ce Hausawa suka aro ta, kuma suke fassara ma’anar da “Science” da ita, kamar yadda Neil Skinner ya tabbatar a cikin kamus na Turanci da Hausa, shafi na dari da hamsin da shida 156, inda ya kawo kalmar Science, yace: “ilimi irin na zamani (kamar su Kimiyya).” Wannan ke nuna cewa kalmar “Kimiyya” da Hausawa ke nufi, shine ma’anar da kalmar turanci ta Science ke badawa, ba wacce ma’anar kalmar Larabci ke bayarwa ba. Wannan kenan.
A daya bangaren kuma, kalmar “Fasaha”, ita ma daga Larabci muka aro ta – asalinta shine: “Al-fasaahatu”, wadda ke nufin “bayyanawa ko kubutar harshe ko lafuzza daga sarkakiyar zance ko rubutu, mai haddasa wahalar fahimta”, inji Mu’ujamul Waseet, a shafi na dari bakwai da ashirin da uku 723. A hausance idan aka ce “fasaha”, (dangane da wannan ma’ana da kamus din ya bayar), ana nufin “bayyanannen abu, wanda babu sarkakiya a ciki ko wahalar fahimta a tare da shi”.
A daya bangaren kuma, kamus din yaci gaba: “Fasihi shine mutum mai kyautata zance, mai bambance kyakkyawa daga mummuna wajen zance.” A nashi bangaren, Al Imam Ibnul Atheer ma haka ya tabbatar a littafinsa mai suna An-Nihaayah fee Gareebil Hadeeth wal Athar, mujalladi na uku 3, shafi na dari hudu da uku 403. Ga abinda yace kan kalmar “Fasihi”, siffar mai “Fasaha”: “...(mutum) mai sakakken harshe wajen zance, wanda ya san kyakkyawa daga mummuna.” Dukkan wadannan ma’anoni a Larabce kenan. Amma a harshen Hausa, kamar yadda ma’anar kalmar “’Kimiyya” a Larabce ta sha bamban da ma’anarta a Hausa, to haka ma ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” ta sha bamban da ma’anarta na Larabci.
A cikin Kamus dinsa mai suna Hausa-English Dictionary, shafi na dari uku da tara 309, wanda aka wallafa tun shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da hudu 1934, Likita Bergery ya kawo ma’anar kalmar “Fasaha” da abinda take nufi a Hausance da kuma Larabce, inda yace: “Fasaha: Cleverness, whether of brain or hand. (But in Arabic = Eloquence).” Kamar yadda sunan kamus din ya nuna, marubucin na kawo kalmar Hausa, sannan ya fassara ma’anarta a turance. Ya kuma tabbatar da cewa a Hausance, kalmar “Fasaha” na nufin “hazaka” ne wajen tunani ko iya tsara abu da hannu. Amma a Larabce, kamar yadda ya nuna cikin baka biyu, abinda kalmar ke nufi shine “iya tsara zance”, ko “hikima wajen iya magana, ta yadda kowa zai iya fahimta, komai karancin ilmin sa.” Wannan kuwa shine abinda ake kira Eloquence a harshen Turanci. Kuma shine ma’anar da dukkan Kamus din Larabci ke bayarwa.