Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki Da Yancin Jama'a

Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki Da Yancin Jama'a
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Tattalin arzikin

tatakin arziki

Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Jama'a (CESR) ƙungiya ce ta haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya wacce ke aiki da farko azaman bincike da ba da agaji ba game da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a.

HiCESR tana alfahari da neman "adalci na zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar 'yancin dan adam" ta hanyar gudanar da ayyukan kare hakkin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma tare da hadin gwiwar wasu kungiyoyin kasa da na duniya da kuma masu rajin kare hakkin dan adam na cikin gida da masu fafutuka a kasashen waje. Kungiyar ta mai da hankali kan ayyukanta musamman kan batutuwan ilimi, kiwon lafiya, abinci da ruwa, gidaje, haƙƙoƙi a cikin rikici, talauci, da rashin daidaito. Kungiyar tana aiki a cikin ƙasashe 30 da suka bazu a duk nahiyoyi. Don tabbatar da bin ka'idoji na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa, CESR tana amfani da tsarin tsaka-tsakin doka da nazarin tattalin arziki don bayar da shawarwari kan batutuwa da sa ido, tonawa da ɗaukar gwamnatoci game da take hakki baya ga samar da albarkatu da takaddun doka don yin hakan.

Manufa ta hukuma ta CESR ita ce "yin aiki don amincewa da aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma a matsayin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don inganta adalci da zamantakewar ɗan adam."

Tushen Kungiyar

CESR tana kula da kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi jagoranci daga Afirka ta Kudu, Amurka, Colombia, Japan, Bangladesh, Sweden, da Ostiraliya .

Tarihin kungiyar

An kafa CESR a cikin shekarata alif 1993, na Roger Normand, Sarah Zaidi da Chris Jochnick. Ita ce kungiya ta farko da aka kirkira don mai da hankali kacokam kan hakkin tattalin arziki, kuma zamantakewa da al'adu. An kafa CESR ne da nufin dawo da al'umman kare hakkin dan adam ga asalin ta a cikin imani da dogaro da dukkan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da aka kafa a cikin sanarwar duniya game da haƙƙin ɗan Adam da aka kafa a shekara ta alif 1948. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a tsakiyar manyan take hakki da ƙin yarda da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma a duniya waɗanda aka ba da kulawa da gaggawa ba kaɗan ba da na haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa . Kungiyar ta cigaba da aiwatar da wannan hangen nesan tun lokacin da aka kirkire ta duk da haka ta kirkiro dabarun ta don daidaitawa da haduwa da sauye-sauye iri-iri da juyin halitta a fagen hakkin dan adam da kuma lamurran duniya gaba daya.

A cikin shekarun daga 1993 zuwa 1996, CESR ta fi mai da hankali kan bincike da ayyukan bayar da shawarwari don tabbatar da mahimmancin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma kuma ta shirya jerin tattaunawa da bitoci tare da haƙƙin ɗan adam, cigaba da ƙungiyoyin adalci na zamantakewar jama'a don ƙalubalantar batutuwan da suka shafi batun 'yancin dan adam bai kasance ginshiki da daidaito na tsarin kare hakkin dan adam ba. Kungiyar ta kuma kaddamar da wani aiki kan kiwon lafiya da muhalli a kasar Ekwado. Tsakanin shekara ta alif 1997 da kuma shekara ta 2000, CESR ya kafa da ƙarfafa ayyukan a Amurka, Latin Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan ma wani muhimmin lokaci ne na ƙarfafa ƙungiyar kanta ta hanyar sadarwar da ta inna naha, tuntuba da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi da yawa na cikin gida da manyan ƙungiyoyi kamar Amnesty International, CARE, Oxfam International, da dai sauransu.

Daga shekarata alif 1998 zuwa shekarar 2004, CESR ta faɗaɗa ayyukanta da yankunan ayyukan. Haka nan ta fadada ayyukanta ba wai kawai bincike da bayar da shawarwari ba game da hakkokin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma amma har ma da aiwatar da dabarun raba dabaru da shawarwari da ayyukan cigaban hadin kai. Amma duk da haka, wataƙila mafi mahimmancin canjin ƙungiyar ya faru tsakanin shekarar 2004 da shekara ta 2008. A shekara ta 2004, Eitan Felner ya zama sabon babban darakta na CESR kuma ya fara aiwatar da jerin dabarun sa ido kan haƙƙin ƙungiyar don amfani da koya wa wasu don kawo ƙarin canje-canje na ƙwarai. CESR kuma ta taƙaita ayyukanta don mai da hankali kan ƙarin takamaiman ayyukan ƙasar. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2008, Eitan Felner ya sauka daga matsayin babban darakta kuma an maye gurbinsa da Ignacio Saiz, babban darakta na yanzu, a shekarar 2009. CESR a halin yanzu tana da hedkwata a cikin New York.

'Yancin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma

Dokar Duniya

An kafa kuma an amince da shi a shekara ta alif 1948, Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta ce "Dukkan 'yan adam an haife su da' yanci kuma suna da mutunci da hakkoki daidai." UDHR, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa (ICCPR) da yarjeniyoyinta biyu na zabi, da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR) da kuma hanyoyin ladabtar da ke bijiro da ita sun samar da abin da aka sani da Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya . [1] Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki da Al'adu an zartar da ita a ranar 16 ga Disamba, a shekarata alif 1966 kuma ta fara aiki a shekara ta alif 1976. Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (CESCR) ne ke lura da aiwatar da shi da kuma bibiyar sa, kungiyar kwararru ta duniya goma sha takwas da aka kafa a shekara ta alif 1985 kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziki ko ECOSOC ta tsara .

Juyin Halitta da Ingancin Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa

'Yancin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a ana daukar su ne na biyu na hakkoki a bayan hakkokin jama'a da siyasa. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sun haɗa da, amma ba a iyakance ga, haƙƙin yin aiki, yanayi mai kyau da dacewa na aiki, da 'yancin kafa da shiga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, da ' yancin samun cikakken yanayin rayuwa, da haƙƙin abinci, da isasshen gidaje, lafiya da ilimi. Masana da yawa suna jayayya da cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar asali ya fara samo asali ne daga cikin masana'antar ƙasashe da haɓaka rukunin ma'aikata waɗanda suka fara tattarawa da neman haƙƙin ma'aikaci. Matsalar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a da fitarwa sun cigaba da bunƙasa kuma sun bayyana a cikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da na II, Yakin Cacar Baki, Babban Tashin Hankali da mahimmancin yau, tare da faɗaɗa jari-hujja da cigaba, galibi na ƙasashe "na uku duniya".

Kodayake UDHR na shekara ta alif 1948 ya haɗa da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a cikin Labarai na 22-27, haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa da siyasa shi ne babban abinda aka mayar da hankali ga takaddar. An ba da shawarar cewa wannan rashin wakilcin na asali a cikin UDHR ya samo asali ne daga rashin yarda da juna kan abinda haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yake, da kasancewar su duniya baki ɗaya da kuma ingancinsu a dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. Kirkirar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya kuma gamu da suka mai yawa game da aiwatar da wadannan hakkoki a cikin dokokin duniya. Na farko, masu sukar sunyi jayayya, kuma wasu har yanzu suna nan, cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a ba zai iya ba kuma bai kamata a saka su cikin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa ba saboda baza su iya kimantawa da kotu ba. Na biyu, masu sukar sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yana fama da rashin ikon aiwatarwa kai tsaye. A ƙarshe, masu sukar suna jayayya cewa sabanin haƙƙin jama'a da na siyasa wanda za a iya samar da shi cikin sauƙi, haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yana buƙatar aiki mai fa'ida sosai tare da albarkatu da lokaci. Duk da haka, kodayake bahasin akan ingancin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a yana nan, kasancewar da matsayin haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a cikin dokokin ƙasa an ƙarfafa shi kuma babu shakku. Yanzu an dage sosai a cikin dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya, kodayake ba koyaushe jihohi ke aiwatar da shi a aikace ba, cewa haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu ba zai iya rarrabuwa ba daga haƙƙin ɗan adam da na siyasa wanda ba za a iya cin wani haƙƙi ba tare da sauran ba. Mafi mahimmanci, duniya za ta cigaba ne kawai da shiga cikin zamanin dunkulewar duniya da cigaba wanda zai sanya haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a a gaba ga dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.

Shirye-shirye da ayyuka

CESR a halin yanzu tana aiki akan ayyuka da yawa a duk faɗin duniya kuma yana aiki a cikin ƙasashe 30.

Guatemala

Daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan da CESR ta ɗauka a Latin Amurka shine batun Guatemala Kodayake Guatemala ƙasa ce mai matsakaicin samun kuɗi amma tana da wasu alamomi mafi munin alamomi da rabon arzikin ƙasa a Latin Amurka. Duk da cewa akwai albarkatun kasa sama da sauran kasashen yankin, amma an samu ci gaba ta fuskar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma kuma nasarar da aka samu ba ta da yawa. Ta hanyar bincike da bincike, CESR ta tabbatar da cewa manufofin kasafin kudin jihar ne suka zama sanadiyar tursasawa wajen karyatawa da take hakkokin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a kasar. CESR ta nemi sauƙaƙawa da haɓaka canje-canje a Guatemala ta hanyar fallasa matsaloli tare da manufofin kasafin kuɗin jihar da sanya haƙƙin ɗan Adam wani ɓangare na muhawara da sake fasalin kasafin kuɗi da haraji na ƙasashe. Kamar yadda yake na CESR, ƙungiyar ta haɗu tare da ƙungiyar masu tunani na gida na manufofin kuɗi da aka sani da Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Fiscales Archived 2021-07-17 at the Wayback Machine da kuma tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin ba da shawarwari na cikin gida na batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da kiwon lafiya, ilimi, haƙƙin ɗan adam, ci gaba, da sauransu.

Baya ga kawo 'yancin ɗan adam cikin tattaunawa na kasafin kuɗi da sake fasalin haraji da kuma neman jajircewar gwamnati kan kashe kuɗin zamantakewar jama'a a fannoni kamar kiwon lafiyar mata, rashin abinci mai gina jiki na yara da rashin daidaito tsakanin ƙabilu da ƙauyuka / birane, CESR ta kuma bayyana manufofinta na ba da shawara a hukumance kamar haka

• shiga cikin masu ba da gudummawa
• inganta ƙimar lura da haƙƙin ɗan adam ta ƙasa da ƙasa
• magance kafofin watsa labaru da maganganun kasuwanci
• kwadaitarwa da matsin lamba game da bin diddigi a taron kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da dandalin ci gaban

CESR gabaɗaya ta iya shafar manufofin kasafin kuɗin a shekarata 2010 na Guatemala ta hanyar dabarunta da ƙoƙarinta kuma ta sami gwamnati da mai ba da gudummawa ga haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a, aiwatarwa da bin wannan alƙawarin zai zama da wahala a nan gaba musamman kamar yadda CESR ta fuskanci iyakoki da yawa ƙalubale sosai a cikin rashin ilimi da damuwa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam daga masu tsara manufofi da ƙalubalen haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, CESR da aka inganta duk da haka bai karfafa ikon sa ido da ikon jihar da sauran kungiyoyi don 'yancin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma ba kuma ya sami damar samun kananan ci gaba ne kawai a kafafen yada labarai da maganganun kasuwanci da kuma matsa lamba don ba da lissafi a cikin bita na duniya.

Duniya

Ta Project Equality Equality Project ko WEEP ta fara ne daga Sarah Zaidi na CESR tare da haɗin gwiwar Leilani Farha na Center for Equality Rights in Accommodation da Shelagh Day of National Association of Women and the Law kuma yanzu yana cikin ɓangare na kungiyar Mata masu Aiki. Yana neman yin aiki fiye da tsaka tsaki tsakanin jinsi da nazari da kuma fallasa hanyoyin da za a ba mata damar tattalin arziki da zamantakewar su a kujerar baya ga 'yancin jama'a da siyasa. Don yin hakan, fahimtar larurorin farko da mata ke fuskanta na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da haƙƙin al'adu ya buƙaci a kafa don yin aiki don aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin tabbatacce, ba kawai tsaka tsaki tsakanin maza da mata ba, wanda zai magance ɗumbin rashin daidaito mata da talauci idan aka kwatanta ga maza. Shirin na da nufin mayar da al'amuran mata wani bangare ne na manufofin kasa da na duniya, musamman a zamanin dunkulewar duniya inda aka ce shirin samar da tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki zai haifar da amfani da mata.

Kalubalen kungiya

Hakkokin Tattalin Arziƙi da na Jama'a sun fi wahalar bayyanawa da tilastawa fiye da haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa kuma CESR ta haɗu da ƙalubale da yawa game da ayyukanta da / ko dabarunsu, wasu sun sadu da nasara wasu kuma tare da gazawa. Masu sukar lamiri suna ba da shawarar cewa bai isa ba ga kungiya kawai ta fallasa cin zarafi da kasadar zama wata murya a cikin taron amma ana bukatar karfi da dabaru sosai. Wannan ya hada da ba wai kawai kokarin mai da hankali ba a karshen zangon kallon kamar na gwamnatoci da masu bayar da agaji ba sai dai karin zurfafawa da kuma karin shigar da jama'ar yankin wadanda za su kasance wadanda abin ya fi shafa ta hanyar rabon arzikin da ke tattare da hakkokin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.

Manufofin jama'a

Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Yancin Jama'a na neman tasiri da sauya manufofin jama'a game da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a da dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya, gaba ɗaya ta hanyar bincike da bayar da shawarwari. CESR ta ba da labarai da yawa, takaddun gaskiya na ƙasa, wallafe-wallafe kan batun, takamaiman takaddun ƙasar da gabatarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a hukumance. Hakanan sun kirkiro laburare na wallafe-wallafe da albarkatu game da dukkan yankuna na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa kuma sun haɓaka jerin kayan aiki da albarkatu don sa ido kan haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar jama'a da kuma ma'amala da musantawa da take hakki. Baya ga ƙoƙarin da suke yi na ilimantar da jama'a, ƙungiyoy da gwamnatoci, sadarwar su da haɗin gwiwa kamar yadda kuma aka ba CESR damar yin aiki don canza manufofin jama'a ta hanyar matsin lamba na siyasa, da mahimmanci ta hanyar fallasa ƙaryatawa da keta haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma da aiki don ganin an yiwa gwamnatoci da 'yan wasan da ba na jihar adalci game da wadannan hakkokin. Musamman, CESR tayi aiki sosai a cikin Amurka tun daga shekarata alif .1998 don magance adawar Amurka da rashin amincewa da ICESR kuma saboda haka, rashin matuƙar rashin nasara game da haƙƙin tattalin arziƙi da zamantakewar jama'a, ɗayan mafi munin bayanai na duk manyan -kasashe masu shigowa a duniya. CESR, baya ga matakan matsin lamba na siyasa da siyasa, har ma ta bukaci Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ya yi nazari na musamman kan take hakkin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Amurka gabannin Bita na Zamani na Duniya, tare da kara matsin lambar kasa da kasa akan Jihar.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, CESR shima yayi aiki sosai don canjin manufofin jama'a, musamman manufofin kasafin kudi, a Guatemala kuma ya gamu da nasarori da koma baya. Kamar kasashen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, CESR har yanzu tana aiki don tabbatar da lissafin kuɗi ta jihohi bin bita na ƙasa da ƙasa. Gabaɗaya magana, CESR yana aiki a ƙasashen duniya don matsawa jihohi don cika Muradun Bunkasuwar Millennium tare da nasarori iri-iri da koma baya.

Manazarta

 

• Sarki, Jeffrey. " Littafin Dan gwagwarmaya kan Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu. " Doka da Dogara ta Jama'a: Maris 2003.

Majiya

• Cibiyar yanar gizo don Tattalin Arziki da 'Yancin Jama'a
• Jerin SourceWatch akan CESR
• Lissafin ESCR-Net akan CESR Archived 2021-06-09 at the Wayback Machine
• Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu