Efunsetan Aniwura
 Efunsetan Aniwura | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Abeokuta, 1790s |
| ƙasa | Najeriya |
| Mutuwa | Ibadan, 30 ga Yuni, 1874 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
ɗan siyasa da slave trader (en)  |
Cif Efúnṣetán Aníwúrà (c. 1820s – 30 Yuni 1874) Ita ce Iyalode na biyu na Ibadan kuma ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu cinikin bayi a ƙarni na 19 Ibadan. [1] Ana girmama ta a matsayinta na ƴar kasuwa da kasuwanci, tasirinta ya haɗa da harkokin siyasa, soja, tattalin arziki da addini na Ibadan. Ta shahara da kasancewarta mafi ƙarfi, kuma tabbas, ɗaya daga cikin mafi arziki - matan Yarbawa da suka taɓa rayuwa. Masana tarihi sun bayyana ta a matsayin shugaba mai mulki, wanda sau da yawa yakan yi amfani da hukuncin kisa akan bayin da suka yi kuskure. Ana danganta hakan ga rugujewar tunani sakamakon mutuwar 'yarta tilo da ta kasa haihu bayan haka.
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife ta a Ikija- Egba a cikin shekarar 1820s, [2] [3] dangin Aniwura sun ƙaura zuwa Ibadan bayan faɗuwar Ikija a cikin shekarar 1820s. Mahaifinta, Cif Ogunrin, sarkin yakin Ikija ne, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta fito daga Ile-Ife. An ruwaito yunkurinta na kasuwanci a matsayin gado daga mahaifiyarta, wacce ta kasance 'yar kasuwa. Ziyarar da Aniwura ke kai wa kasuwa akai-akai tare da mahaifiyarta ya kara inganta ta a matsayinta na mai ciniki. [4] Ta yi aure sau da yawa kuma ta haifi ɗa, wanda ta rasa lokacin haihuwa. Wannan lamari ya kasance batun rubuce-rubucen tarihi masu yawa, kuma an danganta shi da tasiri na ƙarshen rayuwarta, duka biyun (a fuskar mayar da hankali) da kuma mummunan (cikin rashin tausayi). [5]
Tashi da faɗuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar Olawale Idowu, dalilin da Aniwura ya yanke na yin hijira zuwa Ibadan ya samo asali ne saboda dalilai guda biyu: na farko, a lokacin, ɗan uwanta ya kasance fitaccen shugaba a birnin. Na biyu, saboda yadda garin (Ibadan) yake da harkar kasuwanci a lokacin, idan aka kwatanta da sauran wurare, za ta iya fara sana’a a can. An ba da rahoton cewa tana da bayi kusan dubu biyu da gonaki da yawa, tana fitar da amfanin gona zuwa Porto-Novo, Badagry da Ikorodu. [4] [6] Manyan hanyoyin kasuwancinta su ne taɓa sigari da cinikin bayi. Ta kuma kera wani kayan kwalliya na gida, Kijipa, wanda aka kai Amurka don amfani. [4] Wahalhalun da take fama da shi wajen haifuwarta shi ne ginshikin kwazonta a harkar kasuwanci, duk kuwa da cewa illar da take fama da ita ita ce rashin kwanciyar hankali a zuciyarta, kasancewar samun magaji shi ne babban abin da ke tabbatar da wadata a lokacin. Sau da yawa tana cikin baƙin ciki kuma hakan ya bayyana a salon shugabancinta. [7] Ta ci gaba da cewa babu wani bawa a cikin gidanta da ya kamata ya yi ciki, ko kuma ya ɗauki wani ciki, kuma ta kafa kisa a matsayin hukuncin wanda ya gaza. Isola (2010) ta bayyana cewa a lokacin da take raye, ta bayar da umarnin a yanke kawunan bayinta guda 41 saboda saba dokar ta. [5] [8] [6]
A shekarun 1860, ta zama Iyalode ta biyu a Ibadan. [5] Haka kuma an mayar da ita ma’aikaciyar cocin Anglican da ke Ibadan saboda yadda ta yi ta kokarin karfafa addinin Kiristanci a tsakanin al’umma. Babban yayanta Rev Daniel Olubi limamin Anglican ne a lokacin, ta tallafa masa a hidima.
A ranar 1 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1874 ne Aare Latoosa ya sauke ta daga muƙamin Iyalode bisa zargin siyasa, duk da biyan tarar da aka yi mata.
Ikon da take da shi a cikin al’umma da adawa da ra’ayin siyasar sarkin Ibadan, Aare Ona Kakanfo (Ubangijin yaki) Latoosa, ya sa ya yi yunkurin kashe ta. Hakan ya kasance mai wahala saboda matsayinta na siyasa a tsakanin manyan sarakuna. Ya biya Kumuyilo, ɗan da ta goye, ya ci amanar ta, ya kai ta wurin kisa. [2] Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa a kan dalilin da ya sa Latoosa ya so Aniwura ya fita daga Ibadan. Yayin da wasu ke jin cewa jima'i da kishi ne suka motsa shi, wasu masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa saboda kawai birnin ya dogara da ita, musamman ga kayan aikin soja, wanda aka samu a kan bashi. Wasu marubutan sun ce rashin bin ka’idojin Aare ne ya sa ya fusata da ita. [9] [6]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kashe Aniwura a cikin barci da wasu bayinta guda biyu a shekarar 1874. An umarce su da su yi hakan ne ta hannun ɗanta da aka ɗauke sa, Kumuyilo. Shi kuma Kumuyilo, wanda Aare Latoosa, mai mulkin Ibadan ne ya ba shi cin hanci a lokacin. Dalilin da ya sa Latoosa ta ji tsoro don dukiyarta da rashin biyayya gare shi.
Martaba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cif Aniwura ya samu kulawar jama'a bayan ya zama batun wasan kwaikwayo na Farfesa Akinwunmi Isola.
An sanya mutum-mutumin Aniwura a tsakiyar zagayen Challenge, wani babban wuri a cikin birnin Ibadan na zamani. [5]
Har ila yau, ta kasance batun wasu fina-finan Najeriya da suka haɗa da Efunsetan Aniwura. [10] [8] [11] [12]
Iyalodes na Ibadan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Iyalode Subuola, c.1851-1869
- Iyalode Efunsetan Aniwura, c.1870-1874
- Iyalode Iyaola, 1874-1893
- Iyalode Lanlatu Asabi Giwa, 1894-1913
- Iyalode Isale Osun, 1914-1917
- Iyalode Romlatu Ajisomo, 1917-1934
- Iyalode Rukayat Amosa Akande (wanda ake kira Iyalode Ita Areegbeomo, 1935-1948)
- Iyalode Abimbola, 1948-1961
- Iyalode Adebisi Abeo, 1961-1974
- Iyalode Wuraola Esan, 1975-1985
- Iyalode Hunmani Alade, 1985-1995
- Iyalode Wuraola Akintola, 1995-2007
- Iyalode Aminatu Abiodun, 2007-2018
- Iyalode Laduntan Oyekanmi, 2019 - date
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Efunsetan Aniwura: Iyalode Ibadan, and Tinuubu Iyalode Egba (The Yoruba Historical Dramas of Akinwunmi Isola)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- 1 2 Tayo, Ayomide (July 25, 2017). "The most powerful woman in the Yoruba kingdom". Pulse. Archived from the original on 2018-08-14. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ↑ Idowu, Olawale. "Gender and the Politics of Exclusion in Pre- Colonial Ibadan: The Case of Iyalode Efunsetan Aniwura". Journal of traditions and beliefs. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- 1 2 3 Idowu, Olawale. "Gender and the Politics of Exclusion in Pre- Colonial Ibadan: The Case of Iyalode Efunsetan Aniwura". Journal of traditions and beliefs. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- 1 2 3 4 Okunola, Akanji. "Research Note: Negative Life Events And Aggressive Behavior Of Efunsetan Aniwura" (PDF). African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- 1 2 3 Okunola, Rashidi. "SOCIO-HISTORICAL CRIME REVIEW ON EFUNSETAN ANIWURA, BASHORUN GAA AND AARE-AGO OGUNRINDE AJE" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ↑ "Efunsetan Aniwura: A Psycho-Historical Exploration of Women's Psychopathology" (PDF). International Journal of Information and Education Technology. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- 1 2 "Efunsetan Aniwura and other Evans stories". Tribune. 2017-06-19. Archived from the original on 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ↑ Ogunleye, Foluke (2004). "A Male-Centric Modification of History: "Efunsetan Aniwura" Revisited". History in Africa. 31: 303–318. doi:10.1017/S0361541300003508. JSTOR 4128529. S2CID 162007804.
- ↑ "Efunsetan Aniwura: Yoruba's most powerful woman that ever lived?". December 26, 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ↑ "Epic movie, Efunsetan Aniwura, for release January". 12 January 2020.
- ↑ "The Return of 'Efunsetan Aniwura'". 25 January 2020.