Elina González Acha de Correa Morales

Elina González Acha de Correa Morales (20 Janairu 1861 -13 Agusta 1942) malama 'yar Argentine, masaniyar kimiya kuma mai fafutukar yancin mata. A zamaninta na farko, ta kasance cikin waɗanda suka fara digiri na farko a Makarantar Al'ada ta Argentine kuma ta kasance mai zane-zane, ta sami karɓuwa a duniya don duka littattafan karatu da zane-zane. Ita ce ta jagoranci kafa kungiyar Geographical Society of Argentina kuma ta kasance shugabanta tun daga kafuwarta har zuwa rasuwarta. Ita da mijinta, sanannen sculptor na Argentina na farko, Lucio Correa Morales sun kasance masu kare iƙirarin ƙasa na mutanen Ona.

Rayuwar farko

An haifi Elina González Acha a ranar 20 ga watan Janairu shekarar 1861 a Chivilcoy, lardin Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ta halarci Makarantar Sisters na Irish (Spanish) a Chivilcoy kuma ta karanta Faransanci da zane a gida. Mahaifiyarta, Cristina Acha, wadda ta kasance Basque, ta shigar da ita a cikin makaranta farfesoshi na ƙasa ta Shugaba Roque Sáenz Peña Nº 1 (Spanish) a shekara ta 1875. González ya sauke karatu a cikin shekara 1879, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗaliban tsarin makarantar al'ada na Argentine, kuma ya fara koyarwa. Ta ci gaba da karatunta cikin Ingilishi, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Latin da zane. A cikin shekarar 1887, ta ɗauki matsayi don yin aiki a Gidan Tarihi na Jama'a (Spanish) na Buenos Aires kuma ta nemi shiga Argentine Geographic Institute a shekara ta 1888. A cikin shekarar 1890, ta fara koyarwa a Escuela Normal de Belgrano, amma ta yi murabus don matsayi a matsayin shugabar labarin kasa a Escuela Mariano Acosta. Bayan Ernestina A. López ya kafa Liceo Nacional de Señoritas daga baya a wannan shekarar, González ya zama Farfesa na makarantar Geography da Kimiyyar Halitta.

González shima ya auri Lucio Correa Morales a wannan shekarar, wanda zai zama mashahurin ɗan wasan Argentina na farko kuma suna da yara bakwai a jere. Ma'auratan sun mallaki gidan haziƙanci kuma suna da baƙi da yawa daga cikin manyan haziƙai, da kuma karɓar tawagogin ƴan asalin ƙasar da ke neman taimakonsu wajen kwato musu haƙƙin ka kanninsu. Sun kasance daga cikin waɗanda suka ba da shawarar inganta ilimin mata kuma sun yi aiki a kan dabarun kare iƙirarin ƙasa na mutanen Ona. A cikin shekarar 1900, González ya shiga Majalisar Mata ta Ƙasa (Spanish) kuma ya kammala zane irin na mai guda biyu akan canvas, Cabeza da Amalita.

Cigaba da karatun nata yayin koyarwa, González yayi karatu tare da Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg, tattara kwari, koyan ƙwanƙwasa tsuntsaye kuma ya fara buga littattafai. Buga littafin ta na farko, Geografía elemental: Libro 1 (Elementary Geography: First Book) an buga shi a cikin shekarar 1903 kuma littafi ne na koyar da ɗaliban firamare. Wannan ya biyo baya da sauri Ensayo de Geografía Argentina: Parte Física (Essay of Argentine Geography: Physical part) da aka buga a cikin shekarar 1904 da kuma masu karatu guda biyu, Isondú da Isopós. Ta kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin membobin kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Laburaren Mata (Spanish), wanda mata suka shirya domin inganta karatu. Littafinta Isondú ya sami lambar azurfa a nunin siyayyar Louisiana a St. Louis, Missouri a cikin shekarar 1904. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, González ya ci gaba da koyarwa kuma ya shiga cikin tarurrukan duniya da yawa, yana gabatar da takardu kan batutuwan yanki. Har ila yau, ta shiga tare da abokanta Elisa Bachofen, mace ta farko a Argentina; Julianne Dilenius, na farko PhD na Anthropology a ƙasar; Cecilia Grierson, likitan mata na Argentina na farko; da Berta Wernicke, mace ta farko farfesa a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma mai tallata shigar mata a gasar Olympics, a matsalamba don ba da izinin mata da daidaiton siyasa. Ta yi ritaya daga koyarwa a shekarar 1910.

Daga bayan aiki

A wannan shekarar, González ya gabatar da takarda a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na XVII na Amurka wanda aka raba tsakanin Buenos Aires da Mexico. Batun gabatar da ita shi ne farautar ’yan asalin da ta ce ya samo asali ne ta yadda ya dace da yanayin. Bayan 'yan watanni, ta halarci taron farko na kimiyya na ƙasa da ƙasa na Amurka wanda aka gudanar tare da bikin shekaru ɗari na Argentina. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙari na musamman ga jaridar La Nación, González ya buga Historia de los Conocimientos Geográficos (History of Geographic Knowledge), wanda ya ba da tarihin yanayin ƙasa da iyakoki. Daga cikin takaddun ɗari uku da aka gabatar a cikin ƙarin, biyu ne kawai mata suka rubuta, González da Ernestina A. López. A cikin shekarar 1913, aikinta na fasaha ya haɓaka lokacin da Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes ya sayi ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanen mai, Cabeza. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, zanen ya sami lambar azurfa (daya daga cikin sassaken mijinta ya lashe tagulla) a Baje-kolin Kasa da Kasa na Panama–Pacific a San Francisco, California.

A cikin shekarar 1922, González ya zama mai tuƙi a cikin halittar Geographical Society of Argentina (Spanish) (GÆA), wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa har zuwa rasuwarta. Ta zama memba na farko mace na Geographical Society of Berlin a shekarar 1924 kuma waccan shekarar ne gwamnati ta naɗa ta don wakiltar Argentina a International Congress of Geography da Ethnology da za a gudanar a shekara mai zuwa a Alkahira, Misira. Bayan shekaru biyu ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Tarihi da Geography ta Mexica. A cikin shekarar 1927, ta zama abokiyar tarayya a cikin ƙungiyar Parisian Society of the Americas ( French: La Société des Américanistes de Paris ) kuma a cikin shekarar 1932 an gayyace ta don shiga Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Geographers.

A cikin shekarar 1935, González ya buga, tare da 'yarta, Cristina, Amalita: libro de lectura para cuarto grado, 4th grade primer. Littafin ya bayyana yanayin ƙasar, tarihin jama'a, da kuma magana game da al'amuran yanayi kamar iska da kusufi. González ya sadu da Rosario Vera Peñaloza da kwamitin gudanarwa na GÆA a cikin shekarar 1937 don tsarawa da gina taswirar agaji na ƙasar da ke nuna dukkan lardunan. A cikin shekarar 1939, Amurka ta karrama littattafan karatun ta. González ta yi ƙoƙari a duk lokacin aikinta don nuna mahimmancin kiyaye tarihin yanki, ƙa'idodi da al'adun Argentina kuma ta ba da shawarar daidaitawa da ƙididdiga. A shekara ta 1941, ta gabatar da ƙudirin dokar da za a gabatar da ita ta hanyar majalisa don kare mutuncin kasa.

González ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Agusta shekarar 1942 a Buenos Aires. Shekaru biyu bayan haka lokacin da GÆA ta kafa sabon hedkwatarsu, an saka hoton González, wanda ’yarta Lía Correa Morales de Yrurtia ta zana a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarta. A cikin shekarar 1962, a ranar cikar shekaru 40 na kafuwar GÆA, an gudanar da wani abin tunawa a makabartar Recoleta don girmama ta. A cikin shekarar 1972, lambar yabo mai ɗauke da sunanta, don karrama mafi kyawun digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa ta Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta kafa kuma a cikin shekarar 1991 Cibiyar Nazarin Geography ta ƙasa ta kafa kujera mai ɗauke da sunanta. Ita da Ana Palese de Torres su ne kawai mata biyu na Argentina da aka karrama, a cikin kujeru arba'in na makarantar.