Gidan shakatawa na Cross River

Gidan shakatawa na Cross River
national park (en)
Bayanai
Farawa	1991
IUCN protected areas category (en)	IUCN category II: National Park (en)
Ƙasa	Najeriya
Wuri
5°25′N 8°35′E

Gidan shakatawa na Cross River wani wurin shaƙatawa ne na Najeriya, wanda ke cikin Jihar Cross River, Najeriya . Akwai sassa biyu daban-daban, Okwangwo (wanda aka kafa a 1991) da Oban (wanda aka gina a 1988). Gidan shakatawa yana da jimlar yanki kusan 4,000 km2, mafi yawansu sun ƙunshi gandun daji masu zafi a yankunan Arewa da Tsakiya, tare da maras kyau a yankunan bakin teku. Sassan wurin shakatawa na yankin Guinea-Congolian ne, tare da rufe rufin da kuma warwatse bishiyoyi masu tasowa da suka kai mita 40 ko 50 a tsawo.

Gidan shakatawa yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin gandun daji a Afirka, kuma an gano shi a matsayin wuri mai zafi na halittu. An rubuta nau'ikan dabbobi goma sha shida a cikin wurin shakatawa. Kayan da ba a saba gani ba sun haɗa da chimpanzees na yau da kullun, drills da (a Okwangwo) Cross River gorillas. Wani dabba mai suna, mangabey mai launin toka, da alama kwanan nan [yaushe?] ya ƙare a yankin.

Dukkanin bangarorin biyu na wurin shakatawa suna fuskantar barazanar katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, yanka da ƙone noma da farauta. Yawon shakatawa na muhalli na iya tallafawa kokarin adana namun daji na wurin shakatawa. Taimaka wa mazauna ƙauyuka a cikin yankuna masu kariya don yin aikin gandun daji mai ɗorewa yana da alkawari.

Tarihi

Wuraren shakatawa

An fara gabatar da wurin shakatawa a shekarar 1965, amma ba a fara shirin ba sai 1988. Asusun Duniya na Yanayi - Burtaniya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa ga shirin kafa wurin shakatawa a cikin bangarori biyu da gonaki da kwarin Cross River suka raba, tare da kasafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 49.9. Shirin ya yi la'akari da mazauna ƙauyen da ke cikin yankin da ke cikin gudanar da wurin shakatawa kuma ana ba su taimakon ci gaba.

An kafa Gidan shakatawa na Cross River (CRNP) ta hanyar Dokar Gwamnatin Ma'aikatar Tarayya a cikin 1991, tare da gorilla na Cross River da aka zaba a matsayin dabba mai taken. Ba a aiwatar da shirin asali ba, kuma wurin shakatawa da aka kafa a 1991 kawai ya haɗa da wuraren ajiyar gandun daji na yanzu. Bayan karamin taimako na farko, kudaden sun bushe kuma mazauna ƙauyen sun zama masu adawa da gwamnatin wurin shakatawa. Dokar gyare-gyare a cikin 1999 ta canza Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Kasa ta Najeriya, wacce ke gudanar da wurin shakatawa, a cikin kayan aikin soja tare da karuwar iko.

Ƙungiya

Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Kasa ta Najeriya wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Tarayya, Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane. Gidan shakatawa na Cross River yana karkashin jagorancin Darakta a karkashin jagorancin Kwamitin Gudanar da Gidan shakata. Gudanar da wurin shakatawa ya kafa tashar a Portugal a matsayin tushe don bincike da yawon shakatawa na muhalli. Babban Ofishin Butatong, wanda aka kafa tare da taimakon Tarayyar Turai da Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya suna ba da tushe ga masu tsaron da ke sintiri a bangarorin Okwa da Okwangwo na ƙungiyar Okwangwo.

Gidan shakatawa yana da sassan huɗu: Tsaro da Tsaro, Yawon shakatawa na Muhalli, Injiniya da Kulawa na Gidan shakata, da Kudi da Gudanarwa. A cikin shekara ta 2010, 250 daga cikin ma'aikata 320 sun yi aiki a cikin Tsaro da Tsaro, galibi maza saboda tsananin aikin, wanda ke da tushe a tashoshin ranger goma sha biyu. Wannan lambar ba ta isa ba saboda girman yankin da za a yi sintiri. Duk da yunkurin horo, da yawa daga cikin masu tsaron ba su da ƙwarewa kuma ba su gamsu da albashi, kayan aiki, motsawa da damar aiki.

Yankin Oban Hills

Wurin da yake

Drill, wani dabba mai haɗari wanda ke da alaƙa da mandrill

Yankin Oban Hills yana da 2,800 km2 a cikin yanki, yana tsakiya a kan daidaitattun / 5.41667°N 8.58333°E / 5. 41667; 8.58333. Rukunin yana da iyaka mai tsawo tare da Korup National Park a Jamhuriyar Kamaru, yana samar da yanki mai kariya guda ɗaya.

Rukunin yana da ƙasa mai tsawo, yana tashi daga 100 m a cikin kwarin kogi zuwa sama da 1,000 m a cikin duwatsu. Ƙasa tana da matukar damuwa ga leaching da rushewa inda aka cire shi daga murfin shuka. Lokacin ruwan sama yana faruwa daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da 3,500mm. Yankin arewacin kogin Cross da masu goyon bayansa ne ke zubar da ruwa. Kogin Calabar, Kwa da Korup sun zubar da sassan kudancin.

Biodiversity

Rukunin galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji mai laushi. Nau'in bishiyoyi na al'ada sun haɗa da Musanga cecropioides, itacen corkwood na Afirka ko itacen laima, Irvingia gabonensis bush mango Berlinia confusa, Coula edulis, Hannoa klaineana, Klainedoxa gabonensis, mahogany na Afirka da jan ƙarfe. An gano kimanin nau'ikan shuke-shuke 1,568, daga cikinsu 77 suna cikin Najeriya. Wadannan sun hada da tsire-tsire masu fure 1,303, lichens 141 da nau'in moss 56. Torben Larsen ya tattara kusan nau'in malam buɗe ido 600 a cikin ƙungiyar Oban a cikin 1995, kuma ya kiyasta cewa akwai yiwuwar nau'in 950 a cikin rukuni.

Kodayake ba a bincika wurin shakatawa sosai ba, an rubuta nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350. Yana daya daga cikin sassa biyu na Najeriya inda aka sami greenbul na Xavier. Sauran nau'o'in da ba a saba gani ba a Najeriya sun hada da bat hawk, Cassin's hawk-eagle, crested guineafowl, gray-throated rail, olive long-tailed cuckoo, bare-cheeked trogon, lyre-tailed honeyguide, green-backed bulbul, grey-throed tit-flycatcher da Rachel's malimbe. An ƙidaya nau'in maciji 42. Akwai akalla nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 75, gami da buffalo na Afirka, giwaye na gandun daji na Afirka da ke cikin haɗari, chimpanzee na yau da kullun, Preuss's red colobus da Sclater's guenon da kuma drill mai haɗari sosai. Rukunin na iya ƙunsar chimpanzees 400, kodayake ba a gudanar da bincike ba.

Damuwa

Dajin ya kasance ba a taɓa shi ba a cikin yankunan da ba su da sauƙin isa, amma a gefen gefen aikin ɗan adam ya shafa shi sosai. A wasu wurare, sake girma na biyu ya faru, amma wasu yankuna suna dauke da shuke-shuke na man dabino da roba. Kashe katako ba bisa ka'ida ba babbar barazana ce, kuma tana ƙaruwa. Yawan ƙauyuka a cikin yankin shinge yana ƙaruwa, kuma manoma suna fara shiga. Matakan farauta, kamun kifi da noma na ɗan lokaci suna ƙaruwa, kuma suna lalata yanayin halittu. Chemicals da aka yi amfani da su don kamun kifi sun shafi tarin kifi.

An gwada hanyar da za ta shafi al'ummomin cikin gida wajen gudanar da gandun daji a cikin yankunan da ke cikin yankuna tare da wasu nasarori a cikin tsoffin da sabbin ƙauyukan Ekuri a arewa maso yammacin yankin Oban. Mazauna ƙauyen suna da haƙƙin kusan 250 km2 na ƙasar gandun daji, kuma suna rayuwa ta hanyar aikin gona da siyar da kayayyakin gandun daji masu daraja, gami da nama na nau'in da ke cikin haɗari kamar chimpanzee da drill. An kafa aikin gandun daji na Ekuri tare da taimakon jami'an wurin shakatawa da masu ba da gudummawa na kasashen waje don inganta gudanar da gandun daji da samun damar kasuwanni. Tare da horo da tallafin kuɗi, mazauna ƙauyen sun kafa hanyoyin girbi gandun daji ta hanyar da za ta ɗorewa, kuma yanzu suna da sha'awar kiyaye shi. Wannan ya bambanta da mummunan tasirin da ake gani lokacin da kamfanonin katako na waje ko shuka suka shiga wani yanki kamar wannan.

Yankin Okwangwo

Yankin Okwankwo da yankunan da aka kare a kan iyaka

Wurin da yake

Yankin Okwangwo yana tsakiyar a kan daidaitattun / 6.28333°N 9.23333°E / 6. 28333; 9.23333. Ya ƙunshi tsohuwar Boshi, Okwangwo da Boshi Extension Forest Reserves. Rukunin yana da yanki na kimanin 920 km2 a tsawo na 150 - 1,700m sama da matakin teku. An raba shi daga yankin Oban zuwa kudu da kusan kilomita 50 na gandun daji mai cike da damuwa. Yana kwance kudu maso yammacin Obudu Plateau kuma nan da nan zuwa gabashin Ajiyar dazuzzukan Kogin Afi, wanda aka raba shi daga wannan ajiyar ta Dutsen Mbe Community Forest.

Gidan ajiyar daji na Takamanda a Jamhuriyar Kamaru yana da iyaka tare da ƙungiyar Okwangwo zuwa gabas. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008 an inganta Takamanda zuwa wurin shakatawa na kasa ta hanyar aikin hadin gwiwa tare da Kungiyar Kula da Kayan Kayan Kudancin da Gwamnatin Kamaru, tare da kariya ga gorilla na Cross River mai haɗari babban burin. Gidan shakatawa na Takamanda na 676 km2 zai kuma taimaka wajen kiyaye giwaye na gandun daji, chimpanzees, da drills.

Ƙasa tana da tsaunuka, tare da tsaunukan duwatsu da tsaun-tsire. Manyan maki suna cikin Dutsen Sankwala a arewa (1,700 m) da kuma Dutsen Mbe a kudu maso yamma (1,000 m). Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na iya zama kusan 4,280 mm, galibi yana fadowa a lokacin rigar tsakanin Maris da Nuwamba. Kogin Oyi, Bemi da Okon, masu ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Cross, sun zubar da wannan rarrabuwa. An rufe tsaunuka masu tsawo a cikin tsaunuka, tare da gandun daji a cikin kwari. Ƙananan ƙasa, rabuwa ta rufe da gandun daji masu laushi, tare da yankunan savanna inda mutane suka lalata gandun daji. Ƙasa a cikin tsaunuka da yankunan da ke ƙasa suna da haɗari ga rushewa da leaching lokacin da aka cire su daga shuke-shuke.

Biodiversity

Gorilla na Kogin Cross

Yankin Okwangwo yana da tsire-tsire daban-daban, tare da kimanin nau'in 1,545 da ke wakiltar iyalai 98 da aka rubuta. Wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in suna cikin yankin. Sauran ba a san su ba har zuwa kwanan nan. [yaushe? Fiye da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 280 an rubuta su, gami da tsuntsayen dutse masu launin toka, wanda ke haifuwa a cikin tsaunukan Mbe da greenbul na zinariya, wanda ba shi da yawa a Najeriya. Tsuntsu mai launin toka yana kusa da barazana.

Gidan shakatawa yana da kusan kashi 78% na nau'in dabbobi da ake samu a Najeriya, gami da chimpanzee na yau da kullun da gorilla na yamma, da guenon na Sclater mai haɗari, biri da drill na Preuss, wanda ke zaune a cikin waɗannan yankunan wurin shakatawa. Sauran manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da giwayen gandun daji na Afirka da ke cikin haɗari da kuma buffalo na Afirka. Rukunin na iya ƙunsar chimpanzees 200, kodayake ba a gudanar da bincike ba.

Gidan gorilla ya kunshi tsaka-tsaki, tsaunuka da kuma wuraren savannah da aka samo a cikin wani hadaddun tsaunuka masu tsawo tare da kwari masu tsawo, tare da tsaunuka waɗanda suka tashi har zuwa 2,000m. Babban tushe ga gorillas shine Dutsen Mbe, tare da yawan mutane 30 zuwa 40, ba a riga an haɗa su a cikin wurin shakatawa ba. A shekara ta 2003 an yi tunanin cewa Boshi Extension Forest a arewacin rarrabuwa da Okwa da Ononyi Hills a kudu sun kasance tare da mutane 50-60, gabaɗaya suna zaune a cikin ƙananan mutane kuma sabili da haka suna cikin haɗarin haɗarin kwayar halitta. Gorillas ma suna da rauni ga farauta, amma gabaɗaya mutanen Boki na yankin sun fi son karamin wasa. Koyaya, a lokacin 1990-1998, watakila mafarauta sun kashe gorillas biyu a kowace shekara.

Damuwa

Gwargwadon daji na Afirka

Akwai kimanin ƙauyuka 66 a cikin yankin da ke kewaye da wurin shakatawa, tare da mazauna ƙauyen da ke dogara da wurin shakata don rayuwarsu. Tare da karuwar yawan mutane, ana rasa gandun daji don aikin gona da konewa da kuma katako ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wasu masunta suna amfani da sunadarai (gamalin 20, herbicide) don kashe kifin. An yi tunanin cewa an kawar da nau'o'i uku na primate. Kashe katako, bisa doka da ba bisa ka'ida ba, a cikin yankin da kuma wurin shakatawa da kansa sun haifar da asarar mazauni, kuma hanyoyin katako sun buɗe gandun daji ga masu farauta. Snares da aka saita don kama ƙananan dabbobi suna haifar da rauni ga manyan jinsuna. Makiyaya Fulani sun shiga cikin ajiyar don kiwon shanu tare da Bushi-Ranch axis. Akwai ci gaba da farautar giwaye a kan iyaka tsakanin Najeriya da Kamaru. Babban burin katako ba bisa ka'ida ba shine Carpolobia, Garcinia da ebony, dazuzzuka da ba su da yawa a waje da wurin shakatawa. 'Yan sanda sun yi ƙoƙari su hana waɗannan ayyukan, amma suna da nakasa saboda rashin kuɗi.

mallakar ƙasa a yankin ya kasance tare da ikon ƙasa, wanda dole ne ya sami izinin al'umma don canja wurin ƙasa. Mutanen yankin, tare da dalili, suna da shakku game da alkawuran gwamnati cewa za su sami taimakon tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci don musayar barin ƙasarsu, kuma a maimakon haka suna buƙatar biyan kuɗi mai yawa. Wannan ya yi takaici da kokarin da za a yi na hada da Afi River Forest da Mbe Mountains Community Forest a cikin wurin shakatawa, yana hana ingantaccen kokarin kiyayewa.

Shirye-shiryen da za a kafa aikin gona na baya na nau'in nama na daji sun ci nasara a wasu sassan jihar, tare da mazauna ƙauyen da ke kiwon zomo, kaji, duikers, porcupines, beraye, giant rats, pythons, crocodiles da snails. A cikin waɗannan yankuna, farauta da farautar nama na daji sun ragu sosai. Hanyar tana da alkawari ga yankin da ke kewaye da wurin shakatawa. Sauran hanyoyin kare nau'in da ke cikin haɗari sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar hanyoyin ko hanyoyin muhalli, karkatar da babbar hanya da inganta aikin 'yan sanda. Dukkanin zai kasance mai tsada kuma ya dogara da jami'an gwamnati masu himma a jihohi da matakan tarayya.

Halin yawon bude ido

Red colobus na Preuss a cikin Korup National Park da ke kusa. Wani nau'in da ke cikin haɗari, galibi ana samun su kusa da manyan sansanonin yawon bude ido

Gwamnatin Tarayya tana neman masu saka hannun jari don bunkasa damar yawon shakatawa na muhalli a cikin wannan da sauran wuraren shakatawa na kasa. An ba wurin shakatawa taken "The Pride Of Nigeria". Garin yawon bude ido, kimanin sa'a daya daga Calabar, zai ba ba baƙi tushe daga inda za su kalli wurin shakatawa, tare da masauki, gidan cin abinci da gidan kayan gargajiya na namun daji. Ayyuka sun haɗa da kallon wasan, kallon tsuntsaye, bin diddigin gorilla, hawan dutse ko yawo, kamun kifi na wasanni, jirgin ruwa da lambun Botanical da Herbarium a Butatong.

Abubuwan jan hankali sun haɗa da Kwa Falls, a cikin wani kunkuntar, mai tsawo kusa da maɓuɓɓugar Kogin Kwa. An ɓoye tafkin zurfi a ƙarƙashin faduwar ruwa a ƙarƙashin babban rufin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi kafin a sare daji. Agbokim ya fadi a kan Kogin Cross ya sauka a cikin kimanin 7 a kan dutse a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Akwai wani karamin lambun kiwon dabbobi da ke da nau'ikan dabbobi da ba a samu a Najeriya ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen ceton wasu nau'o'in da ba a saba gani ba daga halaka.