Harshen Arawak
| Arawak | |
|---|---|
| Lokono | |
| Asali a | French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Jamaica, Barbados |
| Yanki | Guianas |
| Ƙabila | Lokono (Arawak) |
'Yan asalin magana | (Template:Sigfig cited 1990–2012)e25 |
|
Arawakan
| |
| Latin script | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-2 |
arw |
| ISO 639-3 |
arw |
| Glottolog |
araw1276[1] |
 Arawak is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Arawak ( Arowak</link> , Aruák</link> ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Lokono ( Lokono Dian, a zahiri "maganar mutane" ta masu magana da shi), yaren Arawakan ne da mutanen Lokono (Arawak) na Kudancin Amurka ke magana a gabashin Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, da Faransanci Guiana . [2] Shi ne babban yaren dangin harshen Arawakan.
Lokono harshe ne mai aiki-tsaye . [3]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lokono harshe ne mai hatsarin gaske. Yaren Lokono an fi yin magana a Kudancin Amirka. Wasu takamaiman ƙasashe inda ake yin wannan yare sun haɗa da Guyana, Suriname, Guiana Faransanci, da Venezuela. Adadin masu iya magana da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun harshe an ƙiyasta kashi 5% na yawan ƙabilu. [4] Akwai ƙananan al'ummomi na ƙananan masu magana waɗanda ke da digiri daban-daban na fahimta da ƙwarewa a cikin Lokono waɗanda ke kiyaye harshen. [5] An kiyasta cewa akwai sauran masu magana kusan 2,500 (ciki har da masu iya magana da ƙwararru). Rushewar amfani da Lokono a matsayin harshen sadarwa ya faru ne saboda rashin isar da shi daga tsofaffin masu magana zuwa na gaba. Ba a ba da yaren ga yara ƙanana ba, kamar yadda ake koya musu yin magana da yarukan ƙasashensu. [6]
Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harshen Lokono wani yanki ne na babban dangin harshen Arawakan da ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka ta Kudu da Amurka ta tsakiya ke magana tare da Caribbean. [7] Iyalin sun mamaye kasashe hudu na Amurka ta tsakiya - Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua - da takwas na Kudancin Amurka - Bolivia, Guyana, Guiana Faransa, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil (da kuma Argentina da Paraguay a baya). Tare da kusan harsuna 40, ita ce mafi girman dangin harshe a Latin Amurka.
Etymology[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Arawak sunan kabila ne dangane da babban abincin amfanin gona, tushen rogo, wanda akafi sani da manioc. Tushen rogo sanannen abinci ne ga miliyoyin mutane a Kudancin Amurka, Asiya da Afirka. [8] Ita ce shrub mai bushewa da ake girma a yankuna masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi. Su ma masu magana da yawun Arawak sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Lokono</link> , wanda ke fassara a matsayin "mutane". Suna kiran yarensu Lokono Dian</link> , "maganar mutane".
Madadin sunayen harshe ɗaya sun haɗa da Arawák, Arahuaco, Aruak, Arowak, Arawac, Araguaco, Aruaqui, Arwuak, Arrowukas, Arahuacos, Locono, da Luccumi.
Rarraba yanki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Lokono yaren Arawakan ne da aka fi samun ana magana da shi a gabashin Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname da Faransanci Guiana. Har ila yau, a da ana magana da shi a tsibirin Caribbean kamar Barbados da sauran ƙasashe makwabta. Akwai kusan masu magana da harshen 2,500 a yau. Waɗannan yankuna ne inda aka sami Arawak da masu jin yaren yaren ya yi magana.
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Lokono". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Pet 2011
- ↑ Aikhenvald, "Arawak", in Dixon & Aikhenvald, eds., The Amazonian Languages, 1999.
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