Harshen Baga
Baga, ko Barka, wani yare ne da Mutanen Baga na Guinea ke magana. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ba'a Raki Wurin ciniki na bayi (wanda ba daidai ba ne ga masu siyarwa da Raka = Larabci ga bayi) kuma mazauna yankin sun fahimci shi a matsayin 'mutane na bakin teku' mutanen da aka fitar da su. Yawancin Baga suna da harsuna biyu a cikin harshen Mande Susu, harshen yanki na hukuma. Al'ummomin Baga guda biyu, Sobané da Kaloum, an san su da barin yarensu (ba a tabbatar da su ba) gaba ɗaya don goyon bayan Susu.
Iri-iri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
H[1] sun bambanta sosai don a wasu lokuta a dauke su harsuna daban-daban. Su ne:
- Baga Koga (Koba)
- Baga Manduri (Maduri, Mandari)
- Baga Sitemu (Sitem, Sitemú, Stem Baga, Rio Pongo Baga)
Mutanen Baga Kaloum [2] Baga Sobané da suka mutu sun yi magana da Koga da Sitemu, bi da bi.
Makwabcin Baga Pokur ba shi da alaƙa da juna.
Yankin rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rarraba yanayin ƙasa na nau'ikan Baga, waɗanda aka jera daga arewa zuwa kudu, bisa ga Fields-Black (2008:85): [3]
- Baga Mandori: bakin tekun Guinea, arewacin bakin Kogin Nunez
- Baga Sitem: bakin tekun Guinea, kudu da bakin Kogin Nunez
- Baga Kakissa: bakin tekun Guinea, arewacin bakin Kogin Pongo
- Baga Koba: bakin tekun Guinea, daga kudancin bakin Kogin Pongo zuwa arewacin bakin Kogin Konkouré
- Baga Kalum: Tsibirin Los da yankin da ke kewaye da Conakry
Rarrabawar ƙasa da yawan jama'a na nau'ikan Baga bisa ga Wilson (2007), yana ambaton jawabin tattaunawa na 1997 a Lille ta Erhard Voeltz: [4]
- Baga Manduri: ana magana da shi a Dobale, kuma yayi kama da Citɛm.
- Baga Sitemu (daidai Citɛm): ana magana da shi a cikin ƙauyuka a kan Kogin Campaces . Wannan shi ne kawai nau'ikan harsunan Baga masu ƙarfi.
- Baga Sobane: sanannun masu magana guda biyu ne kawai a wani wuri mai nisa.
- Baga Marara: ana magana da shi a tsibirai uku a cikin Rio Pongo . Har yanzu yara suna magana da shi.
- Baga Koba: ana magana da shi a kusa da garin Kaporo ne kawai ta tsofaffi masu magana da shekaru 60. An ruwaito shi yayi kama da Baga Kaloum .
- Baga Kaloum: da farko ana magana da shi a cikin kwata na abin da ke yanzu yankin Conakry, da kuma Îles de Los. Yana kusa da Temne. Ana magana ne kawai a wani yanki mai nisa yanzu.
Tsarin aji[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Baga yana da prefixes don nau'ikan suna takwas: [1]
| Bambancin | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baga Maduri | o- ko babu | a- | a- | i- | Kyakkyawan- | da- | Bayani- | Shi- |
| Bagu Sitemu | wi- ko babu | a- | a- | babu | Kyakkyawan- | da- | Bayani- | Shi- |
| Baga Koba | i- | a- | a- | ɛ- | Kyakkyawan- | da- | Bayani- | Shi- |
Kalmomin kalmomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da ke ƙasa akwai zaɓin ƙamus na asali a Baga Maduri: [1]
- aceen - kare
- iceen - karnuka
- alomp - kifi
- kamar yaddaɔɔp - alade
- Tun da kuma kasa
- daboomp da-ka-obɛ - shugaban
- daboomp da-wana - kan saniya
- dafɔr - ido
- dasek - hakora
- isek - hakora
- gbak - rataye
- Khamka - hannu, hannu
- waca - hannaye, hannaye
- kufoon - gashi
- mun - abin sha
- Tafac - ƙarfe
- gbup - juya gaba
Bayanan da aka ambata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 W.A.A.Wilson, Temne, Landuma and the Baga Languages in: Sierra Leone Language Review, No. 1, 1962 published by Fourah Bay College, Freetown.
- ↑ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
- ↑ Fields-Black, Edda L. 2008. Deep Roots: Rice Farmers in West Africa and the African Diaspora. (Blacks in the Diaspora.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Ƙarin karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Houis, Maurice (1952) 'Rahotanni game da muryar da ba ta da amfani a Baga', Bayanan Afirka, 91-.
- Houis, Maurice (1953) 'Tsarin wakilin da kuma azuzuwan a cikin yarukan Baga, i taswira', Bulletin de l'IFAN, 15, 381-.
- Mouser, Bruce L. (2002) 'Wane ne kuma ina Baga ne?: Ra'ayoyin Turai daga 1793 zuwa 1821', Tarihi a Afirka, 29, 337-.