Harshen Baga

Harshen Baga
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsunan Yammacin Atlantika; Harsunan Mel; Baga (en) ; Harshen Baga; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	temn1245

Baga, ko Barka, Wani yare ne da Mutanen Baga na Guinea ke magana. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Ba'a Raki Wurin ciniki na bayi (wanda ba daidai ba ne ga masu siyarwa da Raka = Larabci ga bayi) kuma mazauna yankin sun fahimci shi a matsayin 'mutane na bakin teku' mutanen da aka fitar da su. Yawancin Baga suna da harsuna biyu a cikin harshen Mande Susu, harshen yanki na hukuma. Al'ummomin Baga guda biyu, Sobané da Kaloum, an san su da barin yarensu (ba a tabbatar da su ba) gaba ɗaya don goyon bayan Susu.

Iri-iri

H^[2] sun bambanta sosai don a wasu lokuta a dauke su harsuna daban-daban. Su ne:

Baga Koga (Koba)

Baga Manduri (Maduri, Mandari)

Baga Sitemu (Sitem, Sitemú, Stem Baga, Rio Pongo Baga)

Mutanen Baga Kaloum ^[3] Baga Sobané da suka mutu sun yi magana da Koga da Sitemu, bi da bi.

Makwabcin Baga Pokur ba shi da alaƙa da juna.

Yankin rarraba

Rarraba yanayin ƙasa na nau'ikan Baga, waɗanda aka jera daga arewa zuwa kudu, bisa ga Fields-Black (2008:85): ^[4]

Baga Mandori: bakin tekun Guinea, arewacin bakin Kogin Nunez
Baga Sitem: bakin tekun Guinea, kudu da bakin Kogin Nunez
Baga Kakissa: bakin tekun Guinea, arewacin bakin Kogin Pongo
Baga Koba: bakin tekun Guinea, daga kudancin bakin Kogin Pongo zuwa arewacin bakin Kogin Konkouré
Baga Kalum: Tsibirin Los da yankin da ke kewaye da Conakry

Rarrabawar ƙasa da yawan jama'a na nau'ikan Baga bisa ga Wilson (2007), yana ambaton jawabin tattaunawa na 1997 a Lille ta Erhard Voeltz: ^[5]

Baga Manduri: ana magana da shi a Dobale, kuma yayi kama da Citɛm.
Baga Sitemu (daidai Citɛm): ana magana da shi a cikin ƙauyuka a kan Kogin Campaces . Wannan shi ne kawai nau'ikan harsunan Baga masu ƙarfi.
Baga Sobane: sanannun masu magana guda biyu ne kawai a wani wuri mai nisa.
Baga Marara: ana magana da shi a tsibirai uku a cikin Rio Pongo . Har yanzu yara suna magana da shi.
Baga Koba: ana magana da shi a kusa da garin Kaporo ne kawai ta tsofaffi masu magana da shekaru 60. An ruwaito shi yayi kama da Baga Kaloum .
Baga Kaloum: da farko ana magana da shi a cikin kwata na abin da ke yanzu yankin Conakry, da kuma Îles de Los. Yana kusa da Temne. Ana magana ne kawai a wani yanki mai nisa yanzu.

Tsarin aji

Baga yana da prefixes don nau'ikan suna takwas: ^[2]

Bambancin	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Baga Maduri	o- ko babu	a-	a-	i-	Kyakkyawan-	da-	Bayani-	Shi-
Bagu Sitemu	wi- ko babu	a-	a-	babu	Kyakkyawan-	da-	Bayani-	Shi-
Baga Koba	i-	a-	a-	ɛ-	Kyakkyawan-	da-	Bayani-	Shi-

Kalmomin kalmomi

Da ke ƙasa akwai zaɓin ƙamus na asali a Baga Maduri: ^[2]

aceen - kare
iceen - karnuka
alomp - kifi
kamar yaddaɔɔp - alade
Tun da kuma kasa
daboomp da-ka-obɛ - shugaban
daboomp da-wana - kan saniya
dafɔr - ido
dasek - hakora
isek - hakora
gbak - rataye
Khamka - hannu, hannu
waca - hannaye, hannaye
kufoon - gashi
mun - abin sha
Tafac - ƙarfe
gbup - juya gaba

Bayanan da aka ambata

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Baga". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 W.A.A.Wilson, Temne, Landuma and the Baga Languages in: Sierra Leone Language Review, No. 1, 1962 published by Fourah Bay College, Freetown.
↑ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
↑ Fields-Black, Edda L. 2008. Deep Roots: Rice Farmers in West Africa and the African Diaspora. (Blacks in the Diaspora.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
↑ Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Ƙarin karantawa

Houis, Maurice (1952) 'Rahotanni game da muryar da ba ta da amfani a Baga', Bayanan Afirka, 91-.
Houis, Maurice (1953) 'Tsarin wakilin da kuma azuzuwan a cikin yarukan Baga, i taswira', Bulletin de l'IFAN, 15, 381-.
Mouser, Bruce L. (2002) 'Wane ne kuma ina Baga ne?: Ra'ayoyin Turai daga 1793 zuwa 1821', Tarihi a Afirka, 29, 337-.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Baga". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Wilson-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 W.A.A.Wilson, Temne, Landuma and the Baga Languages in: Sierra Leone Language Review, No. 1, 1962 published by Fourah Bay College, Freetown.

[3] Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices

[Fields08-4] Fields-Black, Edda L. 2008. Deep Roots: Rice Farmers in West Africa and the African Diaspora. (Blacks in the Diaspora.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

[Wilson07-5] Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

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