Harsunan Mel
| Mel | |
|---|---|
| Southern (West) Atlantic [reduced] | |
| Geographic distribution | Guinea-Bissau through Liberia |
| Linguistic classification | Nnijer–Kongo |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | mela1257[1] |
Harsunan Mel reshe ne na harsunan Nijar–Congo da ake magana da su a Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Saliyo, da Laberiya . Mafi yawan jama'a shine Temne, mai magana da kusan miliyan biyu; Kissi na gaba, da rabin miliyan.
Harsuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A al'adance an rarraba Mel a matsayin babban reshen kudancin reshen yammacin Atlantic na Niger-Congo. Duk da haka, waɗannan yanayi ne na ƙasa da na rubutu maimakon ƙungiyoyin asali; Segerer (2010) ya nuna cewa babu wata dangantaka ta musamman tsakanin Mel da sauran harsunan kudanci, Sua (Mansoanka) da Gola . [2] Fields (2004) ya raba Mel zuwa ƙungiyar tsaunuka waɗanda suka samo asali daga Guinea, da kuma ƙungiyar Bullom-Kisi-Gola . . Filaye (2008:83) ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙasar Proto-Mel tana cikin tsaunukan arewa-tsakiyar tsaunuka na Saliyo kawai zuwa kudancin kogin Karancin Scarcies, maimakon bakin teku. Ƙasar Proto-Highlands tana tsakiyar tsakiyar kogin Konkoure a Guinea, zuwa arewa maso gabashin Conakry (Fields 2008: 85). [3]
Kwatankwacin ƙamus[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kwatanta ainihin kalmomin ƙamus a cikin harsunan Mel daga Filaye (2004): [4]
| Harshe | ido | kunne | hanci | hakori | harshe | baki | jini | kashi | itace | ruwa | ci | suna |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitemu | dɔ-fɔr | lʊŋ | a- lol | da-sek | ta-mera | ku-su | me-tsira | kʊ-bɛnt | kʊ-tɔk | dɔ-mun | ku-di | mu/mu-mu |
| Landuma | da-fɔr | a-lʊn, a-r | ta-su, ta-su | da-sek | da-mera | ku-suŋ | ma-tsir, ma-cir | ku - ba | ke-tog, kʊ-tɔɔk | da-mun, m-anc | ku-di | tayif |
| Temne | domin | a-lʊns, a-lƙu | a-sut, a-zuwa | sek | ra-mer | saŋ | tsir | ban, kʊ-bonth | n-an; | m - tururuwa | da; som | babban; n-sa |
| Bullom | bi | nui | min | e-canji | mulliŋ, li–mɛliŋ | ɲɛn | kong | ba | giyan rum | maza | dyo | illa |
| Kisi | helten | duk | magana | cin ciki | diɔ-muleŋ | sondoo | kowa | paa | yamndo | maŋndaŋ | dio | diolaŋ |
| Gola | e-fe | nu | e-mia | ina | me-miel, o-mie, meer-o | ina, ɲa | sa, ma-sei, ma-sen | ku-kpa | ku-kul, ku | mai, manda, mandi | dze, dzɛ | e-del |
</br> Kwatanta ainihin kalmomin ƙamus a cikin harsunan Mel, da kuma Sua da Gola, daga Wilson (2007): [5] Limba kuma an ƙara shi daga Clarke (1922). [6]
| Language | eye | ear | nose | tooth | tongue | mouth | blood | bone | tree | water | name; surname |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baga Maduri | da-fɔr / i- / sə- | a-läŋgäs / i- | ta-sot / ma- | da-sek / i- | da-mer / sə- | ku-suŋ / cu- | koonɛ | ke-bant | kə-tɔɔk / i- | ba-mun | ta-we / ma-; lambe (d-) |
| Baga Sitemu | dɔ-fɔr / Ø- / sə- | a-laŋəs / sə- / Ø- | a-loləm / Ø- | de-sek / Ø- | te-mer / me- | ku-su / cu- | mɛ-tsir | ko-tɔk / tsə- | da-mun | ||
| Baga Koba | da-fɔr / ɛ- | a-rəns / ɛ- | ta-sot / ma- | da-sek / ɛ- | da-mɛr | ku-soŋ / tsə- | ma-tsir | ke-bant / tsə- | kə-tɔk | na-mun | kə-teŋk |
| Landuma | da-fɔr / ɛ- / sə- | a-ləŋəs / yɛ- | ta-soot / ma | da-sek / ɛ- | da-mera / sə- | kə-suŋ / cə- | ma-cir | kə-tɔɔʐ / yɛ- | da-mun; m-ancs | ta-yif / ma- | |
| Temne | rə-fɔr / ɛ- | ä-ləns / ɛ- | ä-sot̪ / mə- | rə-sek / ɛ- | rə-mer | kə-səŋ / tə- | mə-tir | kə-bänt̪ | ŋ-ənt / y-; ä-tɔk 'firewood' | m-änt | ŋ-es / m- |
| Sherbro | hɔ́l / ti- | nṵ́ɪ́ / ti- | mín / si- | caŋ / n- | (li)màlíŋ / ti- | sùm | ŋkɔ̀ŋ | pak | tɔ̀k | mɛ́n | (i)líl / n-, si- |
| Mmani | fɔl / thifɔl | nyu / thinyu | min / thimin | caŋ /ncaŋ | di-miliŋ / mamiliŋ | eñɛn / nñɛn | kòó-wáŋ | pak / thipak | yɔ̀m-ndó | m̄ɛn | i–lɛlu / n-lɛlu |
| Kisi | hɔ̀l-téŋ | nì-léŋ | mǐŋ-ndó | cìŋ-ndé | dìɔ̀mù-léŋ | sòndò-ó | nkong | pàà- | o-thɔk | mɛ̀ŋ-ndáŋ | dìò- |
| Sua | (n)-fɔn / i- | n-nihi | (r)-seeny / m- | (r)-wɛy / m- | (n)-dɛmɛtɛ / i- | k-tumbu / i- | m-siin | ŋ-wuh | (ŋ)-taany / i- | m-miny | n-wey / i-; n-konto / i- |
| Gola | éfè | kénû | é-mḭa | késia̰ | ómiè, kémiè, kémièl | óńá̰ | másḛ̀i, másɛ̀n | kégòa, kégwà | kekuu, kekul | mamal, mamæ | edel |
| Limba | foya, hoya ha; pl. taya ta |
kuluha ko; pl. ŋaliha ŋa |
hutini ha; pl. ta ta |
hutiti ha; pl. ta ta |
filiŋ ha; pl. tafiliŋ ta |
foti ha; pl. ta ta |
marēŋ ma, masini ma | kutoli ko; pl. ŋa ŋa, ba ba |
kuieŋ ko; pl. ŋa ŋa |
mandi ma | kēn ko; pl. ŋakēn ŋa |
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Harsunan Rio Nunez
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mel". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Guillaume Segerer & Florian Lionnet 2010. "'Isolates' in 'Atlantic'". Language Isolates in Africa workshop, Lyon, Dec. 4.
- ↑ Fields-Black, Edda L. 2008. Deep Roots: Rice Farmers in West Africa and the African Diaspora. (Blacks in the Diaspora.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ Fields, Edda L. Before "Baga": Settlement Chronologies of the Coastal Rio Nunez Region, Earliest Times to c.1000 CE. In: The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 37, No. 2 (2004), pp. 229–253. Boston University African Studies Center.
- ↑ Wilson, William André Auquier. 2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
- ↑ Clarke, Mary Lane. 1922 [1971]. A Limba-English Dictionary or Tampeṅ Ta Ka Taluṅ Ta Ka Hulimba Ha In Huiṅkilisi Ha. Westmead, Farnborough: Gregg International Publishers Limited. (1971 reprint of 1922 book published by Houghton.)