Harsunan Tula-Waja

Harsunan Tula-Waja
Linguistic classification	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsunan Volta-Congo; Harsunan Savannas; Harsunan Tula-Waja; ; ; ; ;

Harsunan Tula – Waja, ko Tula–Wiyaa reshe ne na harsunan Savanna na wucin gadi, mafi kusa da Kam (Nyingwom), wanda ake magana a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya . Ana magana da su ne a yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar Gombe da sauran jihohin da ke makwabtaka da su.

An yi musu lakabi da "G1" a cikin shawarwarin dangin harshen Adamawa na Joseph Greenberg sannan daga baya aka sanya su a reshen Waja-Jen na wannan iyali.

Guldemann (2018) ya lura da bambance-bambancen ƙamus na ciki a cikin Tula-Waja, a wani ɓangare sakamakon tabo ta ƙara haɓaka canjin ƙamus. Kodayake an rasa azuzuwan suna a Dadiya, Maa, da Yebu, Waja da Tula suna riƙe da tsarin ajin suna. ^[1] Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) kuma ya lura da kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin harsunan Tula–Waja da Central Gur, ^[2] ra'ayi da Bennett (1983) da Bennett & Sterk (1977) suka raba. ^[3] ^[4]

Harsuna

Awak : Awak (Yebu), Kamo
Cham–Mona : Dijim-Bwilim, Tso
Dadiya
Tula : Bangwinji, Tula, Waja

Rabewa

Ulrich Kleinewillinghöfer (2014), a cikin gidan yanar gizon Ayyukan Harsunan Adamawa, ya rarraba harsunan Tula–Waja kamar haka. Kleinewillinghöfer ya ɗauki Tso da Cham a matsayin rassan da suka bambanta a baya. Kleinewillinghöfer yana ɗaukar Waja a matsayin reshe na musamman, kodayake ainihin matsayinsa a cikin Tula-Waja har yanzu bai tabbata ba. ^[1]

Tula – Waja

Core Tula Group
- Tula
  - Kutule
    - Wani
    - Baule
  - Yiri (Yili)
- Dadiya (yanayin gida)
- Bangwinji
  - Kallo
  - Na'aba
Yebu ( Awak ) (bambance-bambancen gida)
Ma ( Kamo, Kamu)
Cham
- Dijim of Kindiyo
- Bwilim (na Mɔna da Loojaa)
Tso (Lotsu-Piri)
- Tso na Swaabou
- Tso na Bərbou
  - Tso na Gusubo
  - Tso na Luuzo
Waja
- Waja of Wɩɩ (Wajan Kasa) (na gida variants)
- Waja of Deri (Wajan Dutse) (biyu variants)

Sunaye da wurare

A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).

Harshe	Yaruka	Madadin rubutun kalmomi	Sunan kansa don harshe	Endonym (s)	Wasu sunaye (na tushen wuri)	Sauran sunaye na harshe	Masu magana	Wuri(s)
Dijim - Bwilim							7,545 (1968). ca. kauyuka 20	Gombe State, Balanga LGA, Adamawa State, Lamurde LGA
Dijim			Dijim	sg Nii Dìjí pl. Dijim	Cham, Cam, Kindiyo,
Bwilim			Bwilə́m	sg Ni Bwilí pl. Bwilə́m	Mwana, Mwona [Hausa name], Fitilai [kauye sunan]		4,282
Dadiya		Nda Dia, Dadiya	Bwe Daddiya pl. Daddiyab	Nyiyō Daddiya			3,986 (1961), 20,000 (1992 est.).	Gombe State, Balanga LGA, Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA and Adamawa State, Lamurde LGA. Tsakanin Dadiya da Bambam.
Ma			ina sg. nubá Ma pl.	yi Ma	Kamu, Kamu		3000 (SIL)	Jahar Gombe, Kaltungo and Akko LGAs
Tsobo	Bәrbou, Guzubo, Swabou	Cibbo	Tsobó	yi Tsó	Lotsu-Piri, Pire, Wuta	Kitta	2,000 (1952)	Gombe State, Kaltungo LGA, Adamawa State, Numan LGA
Tula	Baule, Wangke [an yi amfani da shi don haɓaka karatu], Yiri	Ture	wannan Kitule	Naba Kitule pl. Kituli			19,209 (1952 W&B); 12,204 (1961–2 Jungraithmayr); 19,000 (1973 SIL). ca. kauyuka 50 ?100,000 est.	Gombe State, Kaltungo LGA. Tula yana da nisan kilomita 30. gabas da Billiri.
Wayya	Filaye da tudu	Wagga	Nyan Wìyáù	Wĩyáà	Waja		19,700 (1952 W&B); 50,000 (1992 e.)	Jahar Gombe, Balanga and Kaltungo LGAs, gundumar Waja. Taraba State, Bali LGA.
Bangjin	Nabang, Kaloh [takardar rubutu bisa Nabang]	Bangunji, Bangunje, Bangwinji	Báŋjĩŋè sg. Báŋjĩŋèb pl.	nyi Bánjòŋ			8000 CAPRO (1995a). ^[5] kauyuka 25 (2008)	Gombe State, Shongom LGA
Yebu			Yabù	Ni Yěbù	Awak		2,035 (1962)	Jihar Gombe, karamar hukumar Kaltungo: kilomita 10 daga arewa maso gabashin Kaltungo

Nassoshi

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.
↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (1996). Relationship between Adamawa and Gur languages: The case of Waja and Tula.
↑ Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: Problems and prospects. In: Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed). Current Approaches to African Linguistics 1. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; 23-48.
↑ Bennett, Patrick R. & Jan P. Sterk. 1977. South Central Niger-Congo: A reclassification. Studies in African Linguistics, 8: 241-273.
↑ CAPRO Research Office 1995a. Unmask the giant. Jos: CAPRO Media. [Bauchi]

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Harsunan Tula-Wiyaa - Blench
Tula-Waja - Aikin Harsunan Adamawa
- Tula-Waja comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)
- Tula-Waja karin magana da lambobi

[Kleinewillinghöfer-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.

[2] Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (1996). Relationship between Adamawa and Gur languages: The case of Waja and Tula.

[3] Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: Problems and prospects. In: Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed). Current Approaches to African Linguistics 1. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; 23-48.

[4] Bennett, Patrick R. & Jan P. Sterk. 1977. South Central Niger-Congo: A reclassification. Studies in African Linguistics, 8: 241-273.

[5] CAPRO Research Office 1995a. Unmask the giant. Jos: CAPRO Media. [Bauchi]

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