Harsunan Tula-Waja
| Harsunan Tula-Waja | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification | |
Harsunan Tula – Waja, ko Tula–Wiyaa reshe ne na harsunan Savanna na wucin gadi, mafi kusa da Kam (Nyingwom), wanda ake magana a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya . Ana magana da su ne a yankin kudu maso gabashin jihar Gombe da sauran jihohin da ke makwabtaka da su.
An yi musu lakabi da "G1" a cikin shawarwarin dangin harshen Adamawa na Joseph Greenberg sannan daga baya aka sanya su a reshen Waja-Jen na wannan iyali.
Guldemann (2018) ya lura da bambance-bambancen ƙamus na ciki a cikin Tula-Waja, a wani ɓangare sakamakon tabo ta ƙara haɓaka canjin ƙamus. Kodayake an rasa azuzuwan suna a Dadiya, Maa, da Yebu, Waja da Tula suna riƙe da tsarin ajin suna. [1] Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) kuma ya lura da kamanceceniya da yawa tsakanin harsunan Tula–Waja da Central Gur, [2] ra'ayi da Bennett (1983) da Bennett & Sterk (1977) suka raba. [3] [4]
Harsuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Awak : Awak (Yebu), Kamo
- Cham–Mona : Dijim-Bwilim, Tso
- Dadiya
- Tula : Bangwinji, Tula, Waja
Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ulrich Kleinewillinghöfer (2014), a cikin gidan yanar gizon Ayyukan Harsunan Adamawa, ya rarraba harsunan Tula–Waja kamar haka. Kleinewillinghöfer ya ɗauki Tso da Cham a matsayin rassan da suka bambanta a baya. Kleinewillinghöfer yana ɗaukar Waja a matsayin reshe na musamman, kodayake ainihin matsayinsa a cikin Tula-Waja har yanzu bai tabbata ba. [1]
- Tula – Waja
- Core Tula Group
- Tula
- Kutule
- Wani
- Baule
- Yiri (Yili)
- Kutule
- Dadiya (yanayin gida)
- Bangwinji
- Kallo
- Na'aba
- Tula
- Yebu ( Awak ) (bambance-bambancen gida)
- Ma ( Kamo, Kamu)
- Cham
- Dijim of Kindiyo
- Bwilim (na Mɔna da Loojaa)
- Tso (Lotsu-Piri)
- Tso na Swaabou
- Tso na Bərbou
- Tso na Gusubo
- Tso na Luuzo
- Waja
- Waja of Wɩɩ (Wajan Kasa) (na gida variants)
- Waja of Deri (Wajan Dutse) (biyu variants)
Sunaye da wurare[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ƙasa akwai jerin sunayen harshe, yawan jama'a, da wurare daga Blench (2019).
| Harshe | Yaruka | Madadin rubutun kalmomi | Sunan kansa don harshe | Endonym (s) | Wasu sunaye (na tushen wuri) | Sauran sunaye na harshe | Exonym (s) | Masu magana | Wuri(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dijim - Bwilim | 7,545 (1968). ca. kauyuka 20 | Gombe State, Balanga LGA, Adamawa State, Lamurde LGA | |||||||
| Dijim | Dijim | sg Nii Dìjí pl. Dijim | Cham, Cam, Kindiyo, | ||||||
| Bwilim | Bwilə́m | sg Ni Bwilí pl. Bwilə́m | Mwana, Mwona [Hausa name], Fitilai [kauye sunan] | 4,282 | |||||
| Dadiya | Nda Dia, Dadiya | Bwe Daddiya pl. Daddiyab | Nyiyō Daddiya | 3,986 (1961), 20,000 (1992 est.). | Gombe State, Balanga LGA, Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA and Adamawa State, Lamurde LGA. Tsakanin Dadiya da Bambam. | ||||
| Ma | ina sg. nubá Ma pl. | yi Ma | Kamu, Kamu | 3000 (SIL) | Jahar Gombe, Kaltungo and Akko LGAs | ||||
| Tsobo | Bәrbou, Guzubo, Swabou | Cibbo | Tsobó | yi Tsó | Lotsu-Piri, Pire, Wuta | Kitta | 2,000 (1952) | Gombe State, Kaltungo LGA, Adamawa State, Numan LGA | |
| Tula | Baule, Wangke [an yi amfani da shi don haɓaka karatu], Yiri | Ture | wannan Kitule | Naba Kitule pl. Kituli | 19,209 (1952 W&B); 12,204 (1961–2 Jungraithmayr); 19,000 (1973 SIL). ca. kauyuka 50 ?100,000 est. | Gombe State, Kaltungo LGA. Tula yana da nisan kilomita 30. gabas da Billiri. | |||
| Wayya | Filaye da tudu | Wagga | Nyan Wìyáù | Wĩyáà | Waja | 19,700 (1952 W&B); 50,000 (1992 e.) | Jahar Gombe, Balanga and Kaltungo LGAs, gundumar Waja. Taraba State, Bali LGA. | ||
| Bangjin | Nabang, Kaloh [takardar rubutu bisa Nabang] | Bangunji, Bangunje, Bangwinji | Báŋjĩŋè sg. Báŋjĩŋèb pl. | nyi Bánjòŋ | 8000 CAPRO (1995a). [5] kauyuka 25 (2008) | Gombe State, Shongom LGA | |||
| Yebu | Yabù | Ni Yěbù | Awak | 2,035 (1962) | Jihar Gombe, karamar hukumar Kaltungo: kilomita 10 daga arewa maso gabashin Kaltungo |
Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.
- ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (1996). Relationship between Adamawa and Gur languages: The case of Waja and Tula.
- ↑ Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: Problems and prospects. In: Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed). Current Approaches to African Linguistics 1. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; 23-48.
- ↑ Bennett, Patrick R. & Jan P. Sterk. 1977. South Central Niger-Congo: A reclassification. Studies in African Linguistics, 8: 241-273.
- ↑ CAPRO Research Office 1995a. Unmask the giant. Jos: CAPRO Media. [Bauchi]
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Harsunan Tula-Wiyaa - Blench
- Tula-Waja - Aikin Harsunan Adamawa