Haumea

Haumea
Observation (en)
Absolute magnitude (en)	0.23
Parent astronomical body (en)	rana
Discoverer (en)	Pablo Santos-Sanz (en) , José Luis Ortiz Moreno (en) da Michael E. Brown (en)
Time of discovery or invention (en)	Yuli 25, 2005 (2005-07-25)
Wurin binciken sararin samaniya	Sierra Nevada Observatory (en) da Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (en)
Minor planet group (en)	trans-Neptunian object (en)
Suna saboda	Haumea (en)
JPL Small-Body Database (en)
Orbit (en)
Apoapsis (en)	51.51860224 AU
Periapsis (en)	34.36423826 AU
Semi-major axis of an orbit (en)	42.94142025 AU
Orbital eccentricity (en)	0.1997414604
Orbital period (en)	281.3991677 shekara
Mean anomaly (en)	219.1875115 °
Orbital inclination (en)	28.2114975684 °
Longitude of the ascending node (en)	122.086406274 °
Argument of periapsis (en)	240.0747477 °
Physics (en)
Radius (en)	618.62 km
Nauyi	4.006 Zg
Mass density (en)	2.6 g/cm³
Albedo (en)	0.78
Minor planet designation (en)	2003 EL61
Navigation (en)
« (136107) 2003 EY58 (en)  • (136109) 2003 FA22 (en)  »

 

Haumea (ƙananan tauraron duniya: 136108 Haumea) ƙaramar duniyar ce da ke bayan Neptune. An gano shi a shekara ta 2004 ta ƙungiyar da Mike Brown na Caltech ke jagoranta a Palomar Observatory, kuma an sanar da shi a shekara a shekara ta 2005 ta ƙungiyar da José Luis Ortiz Moreno ke jagorantar a Sierra Nevada Observatory a Spain, wanda ya gano shi a wannan shekarar a cikin hotunan da tawagar ta ɗauka a shekara ta 2003. Daga wannan sanarwar, ta sami sunan wucin gadi na 2003 EL61. A ranar 17 ga Satumba 2008, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Haumea, allahiyar haihuwa ta Hawaii, a karkashin tsammanin Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta Duniya (IAU) cewa zai tabbatar da cewa duniyar dwarf ce. Kimanin sunayen sun sanya shi abu na uku mafi girma da aka sani na trans-Neptunian, bayan Eris da Pluto, kuma kusan girman wata na Uranus Titania. An gano hotunan da aka gano na Haumea a ranar 22 ga Maris 1955.

Haumea ta taro ne game da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na Pluto da 1/1400 na Duniya. Kodayake ba a lura da siffarsa kai tsaye ba, lissafi daga layin haske ya dace da kasancewa Jacobi ellipsoid (siffar da zai kasance idan ta kasance karamin duniyar), tare da babban axis sau biyu kamar ƙaramin sa. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, masu binciken taurari sun ba da sanarwar gano tsarin zobe a kusa da Haumea, wanda ke wakiltar tsarin zobe na farko da aka gano don wani abu na trans-Neptunian da kuma duniyar dwarf. Har zuwa kwanan nan an yi tunanin cewa ƙarfin Haumea ya isa ya shakatawa cikin daidaitattun ruwa, kodayake yanzu ba a bayyana hakan ba. Tsarin Haumea mai tsawo tare da saurin juyawa, zobba, da babban albedo (daga saman kankara na ruwa mai haske), ana zaton su ne sakamakon babban haɗari, wanda ya bar Haumea mafi girma memba na dangin haɗari wanda ya haɗa da manyan abubuwa masu yawa na trans-Neptunian da watanni biyu da aka sani na Haumea, Hi'iaka da Namaka.

Tarihi

Bincike

Kungiyoyi biyu suna da'awar yabo don gano Haumea. Wata kungiya da ta kunshi Mike Brown na Caltech, David Rabinowitz na Jami'ar Yale, da Chadi Trujillo na Gemini Observatory a Hawaii sun gano Haumea a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2004, a kan hotunan da suka dauka a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2004. A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, sun wallafa wani rahoto na kan layi wanda aka nufa don sanar da binciken a wani taro a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2005. A wannan lokacin, José Luis Ortiz Moreno da tawagarsa a Cibiyar Astrofísica de Andalucía a Cibiyar Nazarin Sierra Nevada a Spain sun sami Haumea a kan hotunan da aka dauka a ranar 7-10 Maris 2003. Ortiz ya aika da imel ga Cibiyar Minor Planet tare da binciken da suka yi a daren 27 ga Yuli 2005.

Brown da farko ya ba da kyautar ganowa ga Ortiz, amma ya zo ya yi zargin ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya na zamba bayan ya san cewa cibiyar lura da Mutanen Espanya ta sami damar yin amfani da bayanan lura da Brown a ranar da ta gabata kafin sanarwar ganowa, gaskiyar cewa ba su bayyana a cikin sanarwar ba kamar yadda ya saba. Wadannan rajista sun hada da isasshen bayani don ba da damar ƙungiyar Ortiz su nuna Haumea a cikin hotunan su na 2003, kuma an sake samun damar su kafin Ortiz ya tsara lokacin da aka tsara don samun hotunan tabbatarwa don sanarwar ta biyu ga MPC a ranar 29 ga Yuli. Ortiz daga baya ya yarda cewa ya sami damar yin amfani da bayanan lura da Caltech amma ya musanta duk wani laifi, yana mai cewa kawai yana tabbatar da ko sun gano sabon abu.

Yarjejeniyar IAU ita ce cewa kyautar ganowa ga ƙaramar duniyar tana zuwa ga duk wanda ya fara gabatar da rahoto ga MPC (Ƙananan Cibiyar Duniya) tare da isasshen bayanan matsayi don ƙuduri mai kyau na tafiyarta, kuma mai binciken da aka ba da izini yana da fifiko wajen zaɓar sunan. Koyaya, sanarwar IAU a ranar 17 ga Satumba 2008, cewa kwamitin biyu da aka kafa don jikin da ake sa ran su zama taurari masu ƙanƙanta sun sanya sunan Haumea, bai ambaci mai ganowa ba. An lissafa wurin binciken a matsayin Cibiyar Nazarin Sierra Nevada na ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya, amma sunan da aka zaɓa, Haumea, shine shawarar Caltech. Kungiyar Ortiz ta ba da shawarar "Ataecina", tsohuwar allahiyar Iberian ta bazara; a matsayin Allahn Chthonic, zai dace da plutino, wanda Haumea ba haka ba ne.

Sunan da alama

Har sai an ba shi suna na dindindin, ƙungiyar binciken Caltech ta yi amfani da laƙabi "Santa" a cikin kansu, saboda sun gano Haumea a ranar 28 ga Disamba 2004, bayan Kirsimeti. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya ita ce ta farko da ta gabatar da da'awar ganowa ga Cibiyar Minor Planet, a watan Yulin 2005. A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2005, an ba Haumea Sunan wucin gadi na 2003 EL₆₁ , bisa ga ranar da hoton binciken Mutanen Espanya ya faru. A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2006, an ƙidaya shi kuma an shigar da shi cikin kundin ƙaramin duniya kamar (13₆₁) 2003 EL61. 

Biye da jagororin da IAU ta kafa a lokacin cewa za a ba da sunayen Abubuwan Kuiper na gargajiya na halittu masu alaƙa da halitta, a watan Satumbar 2006 ƙungiyar Caltech ta gabatar da sunaye na al'ada daga tatsuniyoyin Hawaiian ga IAU don duka (13₆₁) 2003 EL61 da watannin sa, don "ba da girmamawa ga wurin da aka gano tauraron dan adam".  David Rabinowitz na ƙungiyar Caltech ne ya gabatar da sunayen. Haumea ita ce allahiyar matron ta tsibirin Hawaii'i'i, inda Mauna Kea Observatory yake. Bugu da kari, an gano ta da Baba, allahiyar duniya kuma matar Wākea (space), wanda, a lokacin, ya dace saboda an yi tunanin Haumea ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin dutse mai ƙarfi, ba tare da kauri mai kauri ba a kan karamin dutse mai kauri wanda ya dace da sauran sanannun abubuwa na Kuiper belt. A ƙarshe, Haumea allahiya ce ta haihuwa da haihuwa, tare da yara da yawa waɗanda suka fito daga sassa daban-daban na jikinta; wannan ya dace da tarin jikin da ake zaton sun karya babban jiki a lokacin haɗari na dā. Watanni biyu da aka sani, wanda aka yi imanin cewa an kafa su ta wannan hanyar, ana kiransu ne bayan 'ya'ya mata biyu na Haumea, Hi'iaka da Nāmaka.

Shirin da ƙungiyar Ortiz, Ataecina, ta yi bai cika bukatun suna na IAU ba, saboda an tanadar da sunayen alloli na Chthonic don abubuwa masu saurin sauti na trans-Neptunian kamar plutinos waɗanda ke sautin 3:2 tare da Neptune, yayin da Haumea ke cikin saurin saurin 7:12 don haka ta wasu ma'anoni ba jiki ne mai saurin sauti ba. Za a bayyana ka'idodin suna a ƙarshen 2019, lokacin da IAU ta yanke shawarar cewa za a yi amfani da adadi na chthonic musamman don plutinos. (Dubi Ataecina § Dwarf planet.)

Alamar duniya don Haumea, an haɗa ta a cikin Unicode a U+1F77B . Ba a amfani da alamomin duniya sosai a cikin ilimin taurari, kuma masanan taurari galibi suna amfani da su, amma kuma NASA ta yi amfani da su. Denis Moskowitz ne ya tsara alamar, injiniyan software a Massachusetts; ya haɗu kuma ya sauƙaƙa rubutun Hawaiian ma'anar 'mace' da 'haihuwar' .

Yankin da ke kewaye da shi

Haumea's orbit outside of Neptune is similar to Makemake's. The positions are as of January 1, 2018.

HAU tana da Lokacin orbital na shekaru 284 na Duniya, perihelion na 35 AU, da kuma karkatawar orbital na 28 °.  Ya wuce aphelion a farkon 1992, kuma a halin yanzu ya fi 50 AU daga Sun.  Zai zo perihelion a cikin 2133 . Hanyar Haumea tana da ɗan ƙarami fiye da na sauran membobin danginta. Ana zaton wannan ya faru ne saboda raunin Haumea na 7:12 tare da Neptune a hankali yana canza yanayin farko a cikin shekaru biliyan, ta hanyar tasirin Kozai, wanda ke ba da damar musayar yanayin da ke kewaye don karuwar ƙarancin ƙarancin. about="#mwt242" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"largest"},"body":{"html":""}}' data-ve-ignore="true" id="cite_ref-largest_48-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Haumea#cite_note-largest-48 [5]]

Tare da Girman gani na 17.3, Haumea shine abu na uku mafi haske a cikin belin Kuiper bayan Pluto da Makemake, kuma ana iya lura da shi cikin sauƙi tare da babban na'urar daukar hoto. Koyaya, saboda taurari da mafi yawan ƙananan jikin tsarin hasken rana suna da daidaituwa na yau da kullun daga kafuwarsu a cikin faifan farko na tsarin haskenken rana, yawancin binciken farko don abubuwa masu nisa sun mai da hankali kan tsinkaye a sama na wannan jirgin sama na yau da kullum, wanda ake kira ecliptic. Yayinda yankin sararin samaniya kusa da ecliptic ya zama mai bincike sosai, daga baya binciken sararin samaniya ya fara neman abubuwan da aka yi farin ciki sosai a cikin sararin samaniya tare da karkatawa mafi girma, da kuma abubuwa masu nisa, tare da saurin motsi a fadin sama. Wadannan binciken sun rufe wurin Haumea, tare da babban karkatawar orbital da matsayi na yanzu nesa da ecliptic.

Rashin jituwa tare da Neptune

  Ana zaton Haumea yana cikin sautin sautin 7:12 tare da Neptune. Yankin da ke hawa Ω yana ci gaba da kimanin shekaru miliyan 4.6, kuma ana karya sautin sau biyu a kowane zagaye na precession, ko kowane shekaru miliyan 2.3, kawai don dawowa shekaru dubu ɗari ko haka daga baya. Kamar yadda wannan ba sautin sauƙi ba ne, Marc Buie ya cancanci shi a matsayin wanda ba sa sautin.

Juyawa

Haumea yana nuna manyan canji a cikin haske a tsawon sa'o'i 3.9, wanda kawai za'a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar juyawa na wannan tsawon. Wannan ya fi sauri fiye da kowane sanannen jiki na daidaito a cikin Tsarin hasken rana, kuma hakika ya fi sauri karịa kowane sanannen jikin da ya fi 100 km a diamita.  Duk da yake mafi yawan jikin da ke juyawa a cikin daidaituwa an shimfiɗa su cikin Oblate spheroids, Haumea yana juyawa da sauri har ya karkatar da shi cikin triaxial ellipsoid. Idan Haumea ya juya da sauri, zai karkatar da kansa zuwa siffar dumbbell kuma ya rabu kashi biyu. Wannan saurin juyawa ana zaton ya samo asali ne daga tasirin da ya haifar da tauraron dan adam da dangin haɗari.

Jirgin saman Haumea's equator yana daidaitawa kusan gefen daga Duniya a halin yanzu kuma an rage shi zuwa jirage masu juyawa na zobe da wata mafi girma Hi'iaka. Kodayake da farko an ɗauka cewa Ragozzine da Brown sun kasance coplanar ga jirgin saman Hi'iaka a cikin shekara ta 2009, samfuran su na haɗuwa da tauraron dan adam na Haumea sun ba da shawarar cewa jirgin saman Haumea na equatorial ya kasance aƙalla a daidaita shi da jirgin saman Hiʻiaka ta kusan 1 °. An goyi bayan wannan tare da lura da ɓoyewar taurari ta Haumea a cikin 2017, wanda ya bayyana kasancewar zobe kusan daidai da jirgin saman Hi'iaka da Haumea's equator. Binciken lissafi na bayanan ɓoyewa da Kondratyev da Kornoukhov suka yi a cikin 2018 sun sanya ƙuntatawa a kan kusurwoyin kusurwoyi na Haumea zuwa jirage masu laushi na zobe da Hi'iaka, waɗanda aka gano suna karkata 3.2 ° ± 1.4 ° da 2.0 ° ± 1.0 ° dangane da Haumea's equator, bi da bi.

Halayen jiki

Girma, siffar, da abun da ke ciki

Za'a iya cire girman abu na tsarin hasken rana daga Girman gani, nisansa, da albedo. Abubuwa suna bayyana masu haske ga masu lura da Duniya ko dai saboda suna da girma ko kuma saboda suna da matukar haske. Idan za'a iya tabbatar da haskaka su (albedo), to za'a mën a yi ƙididdigar girman su. Ga mafi yawan abubuwa masu nisa, ba a san albedo ba, amma Haumea babba ne kuma yana da haske sosai don a auna fitar da zafi, wanda ya ba da kimanin darajar albedo kuma ta haka ne girmansa. Koyaya, lissafin girmansa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar saurin juyawa. Fisika mai juyawa na Jikin da za a iya canzawa ya yi hasashen cewa a cikin kwanaki ɗari, jiki da ke juyawa da sauri kamar Haumea zai karkatar da shi cikin nau'in daidaitawa na triaxial ellipsoid. An yi tunanin cewa mafi yawan canji a cikin hasken Haumea ba ta haifar da bambance-bambance na gida a cikin albedo ba amma ta hanyar sauyawa na ra'ayi na gefe da ƙarshen ra'ayi kamar yadda aka gani daga Duniya.

An yi jayayya da juyawa da girman hasken Haumea don sanya ƙuntatawa mai ƙarfi akan abin da ke ciki. Idan Haumea sun kasance a cikin daidaitattun hydrostatic kuma suna da ƙarancin yawa kamar Pluto, tare da babban mayafin kankara a kan ƙaramin dutse, saurin juyawa zai tsawaita shi har zuwa mafi girma fiye da sauye-sauye a cikin haskensa. Irin waɗannan la'akari sun ƙuntata yawanta zuwa kewayon 2.6-³.3 g / cm3 .  Idan aka kwatanta, wata, wanda ke da dutse, yana da yawa na ³.³ g / cm3, yayin da Pluto, wanda ke nuna abubuwa masu ƙanƙara a cikin belin Kuiper, yana da yawan 1.86 g / cm3.   Haumea mai yuwuwa ya rufe dabi'u na Ma'adanai na silicate kamar Olivine da pyroxene, waɗanda suka zama abubuwa masu yawa na dutse a cikin Tsarin Hasken rana. Wannan kuma ya nuna cewa yawancin Haumea dutse ne wanda aka rufe shi da ƙananan kankara. Wataƙila an kashe wani nau'in kankara mai zurfi wanda ya fi dacewa da abubuwa na Kuiper belt yayin tasirin da ya kafa dangin Haumean.

Saboda Haumea tana da wata, ana iya lissafin nauyin tsarin daga hanyoyin su ta amfani da Dokar Kepler ta uku. Sakamakon shine 4.2×1021 kg, 28% na nauyin tsarin Plutonian da 6% na Wata. Kusan dukkanin wannan taro suna cikin Haumea.An yi lissafin samfurin ellipsoid da yawa na girman Haumea. Misali na farko da aka samar bayan binciken Haumea an lissafa shi ne daga abubuwan lura na ƙasa na hasken Haumea a tsawo [./<sub id= v_spectrum" id="mwAW0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Visible spectrum">na] gani: ya ba da jimlar tsawon kilomita 1,960 zuwa 2,500 da kuma albedo na gani (pv) mafi girma fiye da 0.6.  Tsarin da ya fi dacewa shine triaxial ellipsoid tare da kimanin girman 2,000 × 1,500 × 1,000 km, tare da albedo na 0.71.  Binciken da Spitzer Space Telescope ya yi ya ba da diamita na 1,150+250−100 km da albedo na 0.84+0.1
−0.2, daga photometry a infrared wavelengths na 70 μm. Binciken haske na gaba ya ba da shawarar daidai da diamita na zagaye na kilomita 1,450 .  A cikin 2010 wani bincike na ma'auni da Herschel Space Telescope ya ɗauka tare da tsofaffin ma'aunin Spitzer Telescope sun samar da sabon kimantawa na daidai diamita na Haumea - kimanin kilomita 1300.  Wadannan ƙididdigar girman masu zaman kansu sun haɗu a matsakaicin diamita na kimanin kilomita 1,400 .  A cikin 2013 Herschel Space Telescope ya auna daidai da diamita na zagaye na Haumea ya zama kusan 1,240 + 69-58 km.   Koyaya lura da ɓoyewar taurari a cikin Janairun 2017 ya sanya shakku a kan duk waɗannan ƙaddamarwa. Siffar da aka auna ta Haumea, yayin da aka tsawo kamar yadda aka ɗauka a baya, ya bayyana yana da girma sosai bisa ga bayanan da aka samu daga ɓoye Haumea kusan diamita ne na Pluto tare da mafi tsawo kuma kusan rabin wannan a sandunanta.  – Sakamakon yawan da aka lissafa daga siffar da aka lura da Haumea ya kasance game da 1.8 g / cm3 ya fi dacewa da yawan sauran manyan TNOs.  – Wannan siffar da ta haifar ta bayyana ba ta dace da jiki mai kama da juna a cikin daidaitattun ruwa ba, kodayake Haumea ya bayyana yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan trans-Neptunian da aka gano duk da haka, karami fiye da Eris, Pluto, mai kama da Makemake, kuma mai yiwuwa Gonggong, kuma ya fi girma fiye da Sedna, Quaoar, da Orcus.

Wani binciken 2019 ya yi ƙoƙari ya warware ma'aunin rikice-rikice na siffar Haumea da yawa ta amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na Haumea a matsayin jiki mai bambanci. Ya gano cewa girman ≈ 2,100 × 1,680 × 1,074 km (yana tsara dogon axis a tsakanin 25 km) ya kasance mafi kyawun wasa ga siffar da aka lura da Haumea a lokacin ɓoyewar 2017, yayin da yake daidai da siffofin scalene ellipsoid a cikin daidaitattun hydrostatic.   Maganin da aka sake sabuntawa don siffar Haumea yana nuna cewa yana da ainihin kusan 1,626 × 1,446 × 940 km, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin ≈ 2.68 g / cm3, wanda ke nuna abun da ke cikin silicates masu ruwa kamar kaolinite.  Babban yana kewaye da mayafin kankara wanda ke da kauri daga kimanin kilomita 70 a sanduna zuwa kilomita 170 tare da mafi tsawo, wanda ya ƙunshi har zuwa kashi 17% na nauyin Haumea. An kiyasta matsakaicin Haumea a ≈ 2.018 g / cm3, tare da albedo na ≈ 0.66.   

Yankin da ke sama

A shekara ta 2005, na'urorin daukar hoto na Gemini da Keck sun sami bakan Haumea wanda ya nuna siffofin kankara na ruwa mai ƙarfi kamar yadda aka yi da farfajiyar wata na Pluto Charon . Wannan na musamman ne, saboda ana samar da kankara a yanayin zafi sama da 110 K, yayin da zafin jiki na Haumea yana ƙasa da 50 K, zafin jiki wanda aka kafa kankara.   Bugu da kari, tsarin kankara na crystalline ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin ruwan sama na Hasken sararin samaniya da ƙwayoyin kuzari daga Rana wanda ke buga abubuwa na trans-Neptunian. Lokaci don kankara mai laushi don komawa zuwa kankara mai lalacewa a ƙarƙashin wannan bombardment yana kan tsari na shekaru miliyan goma, duk da haka abubuwa na trans-Neptunian sun kasance a cikin wuraren sanyi na yanzu don sikelin biliyoyin shekaru. Har ila yau, lalacewar radiation ya kamata ya yi ja da kuma duhunta farfajiyar abubuwa na trans-Neptunian inda kayan saman da aka saba da su na kwayoyin halitta da mahaɗan tholin-kamar suna nan, kamar yadda lamarin yake tare da Pluto. Sabili da haka, bakan gizo da Launi suna nuna cewa Haumea da danginta sun sake farfadowa kwanan nan wanda ya samar da sabon kankara. Koyaya, ba a ba da shawarar hanyar sake farfadowa ba.

Haumea is as bright as snow, with an albedo in the range of 0.6–0.8, consistent with crystalline ice. Other large TNOs such as Samfuri:Dp appear to have albedos as high or higher. Best-fit modeling of the surface spectra suggested that 66% to 80% of the Haumean surface appears to be pure crystalline water ice, with one contributor to the high albedo possibly hydrogen cyanide or phyllosilicate clays. Inorganic cyanide salts such as copper potassium cyanide may also be present.

Koyaya, ƙarin nazarin abubuwan da ke bayyane da ke kusa da infrared suna ba da shawarar wani wuri mai kama da juna wanda aka rufe shi da cakuda 1: 1 na kankara mai ƙanƙara da ƙanƙarar ƙanƙanta, tare da fiye da 8% na kwayoyin halitta. Rashin ammoniya hydrate ya cire cryovolcanism kuma abubuwan lura sun tabbatar da cewa taron hadari dole ne ya faru fiye da shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata, daidai da nazarin ƙarfi.Rashin methane mai auna a cikin bakan Haumea ya dace da Tarihin haɗari mai dumi wanda zai cire irin waɗannan abubuwan, ya bambanta da Makemake.

Baya ga manyan canji a cikin hasken Haumea saboda siffar jiki, wanda ke shafar dukkan launuka daidai, ƙananan bambance-bambance masu zaman kansu da aka gani a cikin ganuwa da kusa da infrared suna nuna yankin a farfajiya wanda ya bambanta da launi da albedo. Fiye da haka, an ga babban jan wuri mai duhu a kan fararen fararen Haumea mai haske a watan Satumbar 2009, mai yiwuwa fasalin tasiri, wanda ke nuna yankin da ke da wadata da ma'adanai da kwayoyin halitta (mai wadata da carbon), ko kuma mai yiwuwa mafi girman rabo na kankara mai lu'u-lu'u. Ta haka ne Haumea na iya samun farfajiyar da ke tunatar da Pluto, idan ba a matsayin matsananci ba.

Zobba

Juyawa na awa 3.9155 na Haumea a cikin zoben da aka gano

Wani ɓoyewar taurari da aka lura a ranar 21 ga Janairun 2017, kuma an bayyana shi a cikin wani labarin yanayi na Oktoba 2017 ya nuna kasancewar zobe a kusa da Haumea. Wannan yana wakiltar tsarin zobe na farko da aka gano don TNO. Zob din yana da radius na kimanin kilomita 2,287, faɗin ~ kilomita 70 da kuma opacity na 0.5.   Yana da kyau a cikin iyakar Roche na Haumea, wanda zai kasance a cikin radius na kimanin kilomita 4,400 idan ya kasance mai ƙwallo (kasancewa ba mai ƙwalluwa ba yana tura iyakar zuwa nesa).  Jirgin zobe yana karkata 3.2 °±1.4 ° dangane da jirgin saman Haumea kuma kusan ya dace da jirgin saman da ya fi girma, wata na waje Hiʻiaka . Har ila yau, zobe yana kusa da 1:3 Orbit-spin resonance tare da juyawa na Haumea (wanda ke da radius na 2,285 ± 8 km daga tsakiyar Haumea).  An kiyasta zobe don ba da gudummawa 5% ga jimlar hasken Haumea.

A cikin wani binciken game da ƙarfin ƙwayoyin zobe da aka buga a cikin 2019, Othon Cabo Winter da abokan aiki sun nuna cewa sautin 1:3 tare da juyawa na Haumea ba shi da ƙarfi, amma akwai yankin da ya dace a cikin sararin samaniya wanda ya dace da wurin zobe na Haumoe. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙwayoyin zobe sun samo asali ne a kan zagaye, zagaye na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ke kusa da, amma ba a ciki ba, resonance.

Satellites

Haumea da watannin da ke kewaye da ita, wanda Hubble ya zana a cikin 2008. Hi'iaka shine wata mafi haske, mafi girma, yayin da Namaka shine mafi ƙanƙanta, wata na ciki.

An gano ƙananan tauraron dan adam guda biyu da ke kewaye da Haumea, (136108) Haumea I Hi'iaka da (136108). Darin Ragozzine da Michael Brown sun gano duka biyu a cikin 2005, ta hanyar lura da Haumea ta amfani da W. M. Keck Observatory.

Hiʻiaka, da farko an ba shi lakabi "Rudolph" ta ƙungiyar Caltech, an gano shi ne a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2005. Yana da waje kuma, a kusan 310 km a diamita, mafi girma da haske daga cikin biyun, kuma yana kewaye da Haumea a cikin kusan hanyar zagaye a kowace rana 49.   Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi a 1.5 da 2 micrometers a cikin bakan infrared sun dace da kusan ruwan ƙanƙara mai tsabta wanda ke rufe yawancin farfajiyar. Halin da ba a saba gani ba, tare da irin wannan layin sha a kan Haumea, ya jagoranci Brown da abokan aiki su kammala cewa kamawa wani abin koyi ne mai ban mamaki don kafa tsarin, kuma cewa watanni na Haumean dole ne su zama raguwa na Haumea kanta.

Namaka, ƙarami, tauraron dan adam na ciki na Haumea, an gano shi a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2005, kuma an ba shi lakabi "Blitzen". Yana da kashi goma na nauyin Hi'iaka, yana kewaye da Haumea a cikin kwanaki 18 a cikin wani nau'i mai zurfi, wadanda ba na Keplerian ba, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2008 yana karkata 13 ° daga wata mafi girma, wanda ke tayar da yanayin sa.Babban eccentricities tare da kuskuren juna na hanyoyin tauraron dan adam ba zato ba tsammani saboda ya kamata Tasirin ruwa ya rushe su. Wani sashi na baya-bayan nan ta hanyar sautin 3:1 tare da Hiʻiaka na iya bayyana yanayin da ake ciki na yanzu na watanni na Haumean.

A halin yanzu, hanyoyin da Haumean ke zagayawa sun bayyana kusan daidai daga duniya, tare da Namaka yana rufe Haumea lokaci-lokaci. Binciken irin wannan sauye-sauye zai samar da cikakken bayani game da girman da siffar Haumea da watanta, kamar yadda ya faru a ƙarshen 1980s tare da Pluto da Charon. Ƙananan canji a cikin hasken tsarin a lokacin waɗannan ɓoye-ɓoye zai buƙaci aƙalla na'urar daukar hoto ta matsakaici don ganowa. Hiʻiaka ta ƙarshe ta ɓoye Haumea a cikin 1999, 'yan shekaru kafin ganowa, kuma ba za ta sake yin hakan ba har kimanin shekaru 130. Koyaya, a cikin halin da ake ciki na musamman tsakanin tauraron dan adam na yau da kullun, yanayin Namaka yana karkatarwa da shi sosai ta hanyar Hi'iaka, wanda ya adana kusurwar kallon Namaka-Haumea na wucewa na wasu shekaru.

Tsarin Haumean

Sunan	Diamita (kilomita)	Babban sashi (kilomita)	Nauyin (kg)	Ranar ganowa
Haumea	2 322 × 1,704 × 1,026		(4.006 ± 0.040) × 1021	7 Maris 2003
Hi'iaka	≈ 310	49 880	(1.79 ± 0.11) x 1019	26 ga Janairu 2005
Namaka	≈ 170	25 657	(1.79 ± 1.48) x 1018	30 Yuni 2005

Iyalin haɗuwa

Haumea ita ce mafi girma a cikin danginta na haɗari, ƙungiyar abubuwa na taurari tare da irin waɗannan halaye na jiki da na sararin samaniya da ake zaton sun samo asali ne lokacin da babban kakan ya rushe ta hanyar tasiri. Wannan iyali shine na farko da za a gano tsakanin TNOs kuma ya haɗa da - kusa da Haumea da watanta - (55636) 2002 TX300 (≈364 km), (24835) 1995 SM55 (≈174 km), (19308) 1996 TO66 (≈200 km), (120178) 2003 OP32 (≈230 km), da (1453) 2005 RR43 (≈252 km).      Brown da abokan aiki sun ba da shawarar cewa dangin sun kasance samfur ne kai tsaye na tasirin da ya cire rufin kankara na Haumea, amma wani tsari na biyu ya nuna asalin da ya fi rikitarwa: cewa kayan da aka fitar a cikin haɗari na farko maimakon sun haɗu cikin babban wata na Haumoe, wanda daga baya aka fashe a karo na biyu, ya watsar da ɓangarorin sa a waje. Wannan yanayin na biyu ya bayyana don samar da warwatsewar saurin ga raguwa wanda ya fi dacewa da ma'aunin saurin warwatse na membobin iyali.

Kasancewar dangin haɗari na iya nuna cewa Haumea da "ya'yansa" na iya samo asali ne a cikin faifan da aka warwatse. A cikin Kuiper belt na yau da kullun, damar irin wannan haɗari da ke faruwa a kan shekarun Tsarin Hasken rana ƙasa da kashi 0.1 cikin dari. Iyalin ba za su iya kafawa a cikin belin Kuiper na farko ba saboda irin wannan rukuni mai kusanci zai rushe ta hanyar ƙaurawar Neptune zuwa cikin belin - abin da aka yi imani da shi dalilin ƙarancin belin na yanzu. Sabili da haka, yana da alama cewa yankin da aka warwatsa mai ƙarfi, wanda yiwuwar irin wannan haɗari ya fi girma, shine wurin asalin abin da ya haifar da Haumea da danginsa.

Saboda zai dauki akalla shekaru biliyan daya don kungiyar ta bazu kamar yadda take, haɗarin da ya haifar da iyalin Haumea an yi imanin ya faru da wuri a tarihin Tsarin Hasken rana.

Bincike

Haumea da aka ɗauka ta hanyar jirgin sararin samaniya na New Horizons a watan Oktoba 2007

An lura da Haumea daga nesa ta hanyar New Horizons spacecraft a watan Oktoba 2007, Janairun 2017, da Mayu 2020, daga nesa na 49 AU, 59 AU, da 63 AU, bi da bi.    Hanyar fita ta jirgin sama ta ba da izinin lura da Haumea a manyan kusurwoyi waɗanda ba za a iya samun su ba daga Duniya, suna ba da damar ƙaddamar da kaddarorin watsa haske da halayyar sashi na Haumea.

Joel Poncy da abokan aiki sun lissafa cewa aikin tashi zuwa Haumea na iya ɗaukar shekaru 14.25 ta amfani da taimakon nauyi a Jupiter, bisa ga ranar ƙaddamarwa ta 25 ga Satumba 2025. Haumea zai kasance 48.18 AU daga Rana lokacin da jirgin sararin samaniya ya isa.  Ana iya samun lokacin jirgin sama na shekaru 16.45 tare da kwanakin kaddamarwa a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2026, 23 ga Satumba 2037 da 29 ga Oktoba 2038.Haumea na iya zama manufa don aikin bincike, kuma misali na wannan aikin shine binciken farko akan binciken zuwa Haumea da watanta (a 35-51 AU).  Tunanin bincike, tushen wutar lantarki, da tsarin motsawa sune mahimman wuraren fasaha don wannan nau'in manufa.

Dubi kuma

• Taron suna na taurari
• Kashe unguwar
• Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta Duniya
• Duniyoyin da suka wuce Neptune
• Jerin abubuwa na tsarin hasken rana mafi nisa daga Rana

Bayani

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manazarta

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